Climate and CO2 controls on global vegetation distribution at the last glacial maximum: Analysis based on palaeovegetation data, biome modelling and palaeoclimate simulations

Global Change Biology

Volumn 9, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 983-1004

  Harrison, Sandy P ^a   Prentice, Colin I ^a  

^a MAX PLANCK INSTITUTE FOR BIOGEOCHEMISTRY   (Germany)

Author keywords

Glacial aridity; Global vegetation patterns; Last glacial maximum palaeovegetation data; Physiological effects of atmospheric CO2 changes; Vegetation modelling

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CLIMATE CHANGE; ECOLOGICAL MODELING; LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; PALEOECOLOGY; PHYTOGEOGRAPHY; VEGETATION COVER;

EID: 0043133581     PISSN: 13541013     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2486.2003.00640.x     Document Type: Article

References (118)

1. Andrews TJ, Lorrimer GH (1987) Rubisco structure, mechanisms, and prospects for improvement. In: The Biochemistry of Plants, Vol. 10. (eds Hatch MD, Boardman NK), pp. 131-218. Academic Press, New York.
2. Aucour AM, Hillaire-Marcel C, Bonnefille R (1994) Late Quaternary biomass changes from C-13 Measurements in a highland peatbog from Equatorial Africa (Burundi). Quaternary Research, 41, 225-233.
3. Bard E, Rostek F, Sonzogni C (1997) Interhemispheric synchrony of the last deglaciation inferred from alkenone palaeothermometry. Nature, 385, 707-710.
4. Berger AL (1978) Long-term variations of daily insolation and Quaternary climatic changes. Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, 35, 2362-2367.
5. Bigelow NH, Brubaker LB, Edwards ME et al. Climate change and Arctic ecosystems I. Vegetation changes north of 55°N between the last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene and present. Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
6. 2-controlled mechanism of woody plant invasion in grasslands and savannas. Global Change Biology, 6, 865-869.
7. Braconnot P, Joussaume S, Marti O et al. (1999) Synergistic feedbacks from ocean and vegetation on the African monsoon response to mid-Holocene insolation. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 2481-2484.
8. Broccoli AJ (2000) Tropical cooling at the Last Glacial Maximum: an atmosphere-mixed layer ocean model simulation. Journal of Climate, 13, 951-976.
9. Broström A, Coe M, Harrison SP et al. (1998) Land surface feedbacks and palaeomonsoons in northern Africa. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 3615-3618.
10. Burnham RJ, Graham A (1999) The history of neotropical vegetation: new developments and status. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 86, 546-589.
11. Chapman MR, Shackleton NJ, Zhao M et al. (1996) Faunal and alkenone reconstructions of subtropical North Atlantic surface hydrography and paleotemperature over the last 28 kyr. Paleoceanography, 11, 343-357.
12. Claquin T, Roelandt C, Kohfeld KE et al. (2002) Radiative forcing of climate by ice-age atmospheric dust. Climate Dynamics. (doi: 10.1007/s00382-002-0269-1).
13. Claussen M (1997) Modeling bio-geophysical feedback in the African and Indian monsoon region. Climate Dynamics, 13, 247-257.
14. CLIMAP (1981) Seasonal reconstruction of the Earth's surface at the Last Glacial Maximum, Geological Society of America Map and Chart Series, MC-36, New York.
15. Coe MT, Harrison SP (2002) The water balance of northern Africa during the mid-Holocene: an evaluation of the 6 ka BP PMIP simulations. Climate Dynamics, 19, 155-166.
16. COHMAP Members (1988) Climatic change of the last 18,000 years: observations and model simulations. Science, 241, 1043-1052.
17. 4 plants during the Last Deglaciation. Nature, 368, 533-536.
18. Colinvaux PA, De Oliveira PE, Bush MB (2000) Amazonian and neotropical plant communities on glacial time-scales: the failure of the aridity and refuge hypotheses. Quaternary Science Reviews, 19, 141-169.
19. 4 grasses: present, past, and future. Oecologia, 114, 441-454.
20. Covey C, Thompson SL (1989) Testing the effects of ocean heat transport on climate. Global and Planetary Change, 75, 331-341.
21. Cowling SA, Maslin MA, Sykes MT (2001) Paleovegetation simulations of lowland Amazonia and implications for neotropical allopatry and speciation. Quaternary Research, 55, 140-149.
22. 2 for plant-climate interactions. Quaternary Research, 52, 237-242.
23. 2 for plant climate interactions' by Cowling and Sykes - Reply to Williams et al. Quaternary Research, 53, 405-406.
24. Crowley TJ, Baum SK (1997) Effect of vegetation on an ice-age climate model simulation. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 102, 16463-16480.
25. Cuffey KM, Clow GD (1997) Temperature, accumulation, and ice sheet elevation in central Greenland through the last deglacial transition. Journal of Geophysical Research-Oceans, 102, 26383-26396.
26. Cuffey KM, Clow GD, Alley RB et al. (1995) Large Arctic temperature change at the Wisconsin Holocene glacial transition. Science, 270, 455-458.
27. Dong BW, Valdes PJ (1995) Sensitivity studies of Northern-Hemisphere glaciation using an atmospheric general-circulation model. Journal of Climate, 8, 2471-2496.
28. Elenga H, Peyron O, Bonnefille R et al. (2000) Pollen-based biome reconstruction for southern Europe and Africa 18,000 years BP. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 621-634.
29. FAO (1995) Digital Soil Map of the World and Derived Soil Properties, Food and Agriculture Organization, Rome.
30. Farrera I, Harrison SP, Prentice IC et al. (1999) Tropical climates at the Last Glacial Maximum: a new synthesis of terrestrial palaeoclimate data. I. Vegetation, lake-levels and geochemistry. Climate Dynamics, 15, 823-856.
31. Folland CK, Karl TR, Christy JR et al. (2001) Observed climate variability and change. In: Climate Change 2001: the Scientific Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (eds Houghton JT, Ding Y, Griggs DJ et al.), pp. 99-181. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
32. 15N. Palaeoceanography, 8, 611-629.
33. Guilderson TP, Fairbanks RG, Rubenstone JL (1994) Tropical temperature variations since 20,000 years ago: modulating interhemispheric climate change. Science, 263, 663-665.
34. Haberle SG, Maslin MA (1999) Late Quaternary vegetation and climate change in the Amazon Basin based on a 50,000 years pollen record from the Amazon Fan, ODP site 932. Quaternary Research, 51, 27-38.
35. Haffer J (1997) Alternative models of vertebrate speciation in Amazonia: an overview. Biodiversity and Conservation, 6, 451-476.
36. Harrison SP, Jolly D, Laarif F et al. (1998) Intercomparison of simulated global vegetation distributions in response to 6 kyr BP orbital forcing. Journal of Climate, 11, 2721-2742.
37. Harrison SP, Kutzbach JE, Prentice IC et al. (1995) The response of northern hemisphere extratropical climate and vegetation to orbitally induced changes in insolation during the last interglaciation. Quaternary Research, 43, 174-184.
38. Harrison SP, Yu G, Takahara H et al. (2001) Palaeovegetation - Diversity of temperate plants in east Asia. Nature, 413, 129-130.
39. Hartmann DL (1994) Global Physical Climatology. Academic Press, San Diego.
40. Harzallah A, Sadourny R (1995) Internal versus SST-forced atmospheric variability as simulated by an atmospheric general-circulation model. Journal of Climate, 8, 474-495.
41. Haxeltine A, Prentice IC (1996) BIOME3: an equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 693-709.
42. Hewitt CD, Broccoli AJ, Mitchell JFB et al. (2001) A coupled model study of the Last Glacial Maximum: was part of the North Atlantic relatively warm? Geophysical Research Letters, 28, 1571-1574.
43. Hewitt CD, Mitchell JFB (1997) Radiative forcing and response of a GCM to ice age boundary conditions: cloud feedback and climate sensitivity. Climate Dynamics, 13, 821-834.
44. Hewitt CD, Mitchell JFB (1998) A fully coupled GCM simulation of the climate of the mid-Holocene. Geophysical Research Letters, 25, 361-364.
45. Hooghiemstra H, van der Hammen T (1998) Neogene and Quaternary development of the neotropical rain forest: the forest refugia hypothesis, and a literature overview. Earth Science Reviews, 44, 147-183.
46. 4 plant abundance. Science, 293, 1647-1651.
47. Idso SB (1989) A problem for palaeoclimatology. Quaternary Research, 31, 433-434.
48. Jolly D, Harrison SP, Damnati B et al. (1998) Simulated climate and biomes of Africa during the Late Quaternary: comparison with pollen and lake status data. Quaternary Science Reviews, 17, 629-657.
49. 2 on tropical African montane vegetation. Science, 276, 786-788.
50. Joussaume S, Taylor KE (2000) The Palaeoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project. In: Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Proceedings of the Third PMIP Workshop, 4-8 October 1999 (ed. Braconnot P), pp. 9-25. WCRP, La Huardière, Canada.
51. Kageyama M, Peyron O, Pinot S et al. (2001) The Last Glacial Maximum climate over Europe and western Siberia: a PMIP comparison between models and data. Climate Dynamics, 17, 23-43.
52. Kaplan JO, Bigelow NH, Prentice IC et al. Climate change and arctic ecosystems II: modeling, palaeodata-model comparisons, and future projections. Journal of Geophysical Research, in press.
53. Kitoh A, Motoi T, Koide H (1999) SST variability and its mechanism in a coupled atmosphere-mixed layer ocean model. Journal of Climate, 12, 1221-1239.
54. Kitoh A, Noda A, Nikaidou Y et al. (1995) AMIP simulations of the MRI GCM. Papers in Meteorology and Geophysics, 45, 121-148.
55. Kohfeld KE, Harrison SP (2000) How well can we simulate past climates? Evaluating the models using global palaeoenvironmental datasets. Quaternary Science Reviews, 19, 321-346.
56. Kruskal JB (1964) Nonmetric multidimensional-scaling - a numerical-method. Psychometrika, 29, 115-129.
57. Kubatzki C, Claussen M (1998) Simulation of the global biogeophysical interactions during the Last Glacial Maximum. Climate Dynamics, 14, 461-471.
58. Kutzbach JE, Bartlein PJ, Foley JA et al. (1996) Potential role of vegetation feedback in the climate sensitivity of high-latitude regions: a case study at 6000 years BP. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 727-736.
59. Kutzbach JE, Gallimore R, Harrison SP et al. (1998) Climate and biome simulations for the past 21,000 years. Quaternary Science Reviews, 17, 473-506.
60. Labeyrie LD, Duplessy JC, Duprat J et al. (1992) Changes in the vertical structure of the North-Atlantic Ocean between glacial and modern Times. Quaternary Science Reviews, 11, 401-413.
61. Larcher W (2001) Ökophysiologie der Pflanzen: Leben, Leistung und Streßbewältigung der Pflanzen in Ihrer Umwelt. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart.
62. Le Treut H, Li ZX, Forichon M (1994) Sensitivity of the LMD General-Circulation Model to greenhouse forcing associated with 2 different cloud-water parameterizations. Journal of Climate, 7, 1827-1841.
63. Lee KE, Slowey NC (1999) Cool surface waters of the subtropical North Pacific Ocean during the last glacial. Nature, 397, 512-514.
64. Leemans R, Cramer WP (1991) The IIASA database for mean monthly values of temperature, precipitation, and cloudiness on a global terrestrial grid. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria, 62pp.
65. 2 climate, and vegetation feedbacks at the Last Glacial Maximum. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 104, 31191-31198.
66. Lohmann G, Lorenz S (2000) On the hydrological cycle under paleoclimatic conditions as derived from AGCM simulations. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, 105, 17417-17436.
67. Long SP, Hutchin PR (1991) Primary production in grasslands and coniferous forests with climate change - an overview. Ecological Applications, 1, 139-156.
68. Lorenz S, Grieger B, Helbig P et al. (1996) Investigating the sensitivity of the atmospheric general circulation model ECHAM 3 to paleoclimatic boundary conditions. Geologische Rundschau, 85, 513-524.
69. Mahowald N, Kohfeld KE, Hansson M et al. (1999) Dust sources and deposition during the Last Glacial Maximum and current climate: a comparison of model results with paleodata from ice cores and marine sediments. Journal of Geophysical Research- Atmospheres, 104, 15895-15916.
70. McFarlane NA, Boer GJ, Blanchet J-P et al. (1992) The Canadian climate centre second generation general circulation model and its equilibrium climate. Journal of Climate, 5, 1013-1044.
71. Mix AC, Morey AE, Pisias NG et al. (1999) Foraminiferal faunal estimates of paleotemperature: Circumventing the no-analog problem yields cool ice age tropics. Palaeoceanography, 14, 350-359.
72. Ni J, Yu G, Harrison SP et al. Pollen-based reconstruction of vegetation in China during the mid-Holocene and last glacial maximum using a global scheme of plant functional types. Journal of Vegetation Science, submitted.
73. de Noblet NI, Prentice IC, Joussaume S et al. (1996) Possible role of atmosphere-biosphere interactions in triggering the last glaciation. Geophysical Research Letters, 23, 3191-3194.
74. Numaguti A, Takahashi M, Nakajima T et al. (1997) Description of CCSR/NIES Atmospheric General Circulation Model. CGER's Supercomputer Monograph Report, Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies, 3, 1-48.
75. Ohkouchi N, Kawamura K, Nakamura T et al. (1994) Small changes in the sea-surface temperature during the last 20,000 years - molecular evidence from the Western Tropical Pacific. Geophysical Research Letters, 21, 2207-2210.
76. patrick A, Thunell RC (1997) Tropical Pacific sea surface temperatures and upper water column thermal structure during the Last Glacial Maximum. Palaoceanography, 12, 649-657.
77. Peltier WR (1994) Ice Age paleotopography. Science, 265, 195-201.
78. Petit JR, Jouzel J, Raynaud D et al. (1999) Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature, 399, 429-436.
79. 14CYr = B.P., submitted.
80. Pinot S, Ramstein G, Harrison SP et al. (1999a) Tropical paleoclimates at the Last Glacial Maximum: comparison of Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP) simulations and paleodata. Climate Dynamics, 15, 857-874.
81. Pinot S, Ramstein G, Marsiat I et al. (1999b) Sensitivity of the European LGM climate to North Atlantic sea-surface temperature. Geophysical Research Letters, 26, 1893-1896.
82. Pollard D, PMIP Participating Groups (2000) Comparisons of ice-sheet surface mass budgets from PMIP GCM simulations. In: Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Proceedings of the Third PMIP Workshop, 4-8 October 1999 (ed. Braconnot P), pp. 121-126. WCRP, La Huardière, Canada.
83. Pollard D, Thompson SL (1997) Climate and ice-sheet mass balance at the Last Glacial Maximum from the Genesis, Version 2 global climate model. Quaternary Science Reviews, 16, 841-863.
84. 2 concentrations. Nature, 361, 61-64.
85. Prahl FG, Pisias N, Sparrow MA et al. (1995) Assessment of sea-surface temperature at 42-Degrees-N in the California current over the last 30,000 years. Paleoceanography, 10, 763-773.
86. Prentice IC (1977) Non-metric ordination methods in ecology. Journal of Ecology, 65, 85-94.
87. Prentice IC, Cramer W, Harrison SP et al. (1992) A global biome model based on plant physiology and dominance, soil properties and climate. Journal of Biogeography, 19, 117-134.
88. Prentice IC, Guiot J, Huntley B et al. (1996) Reconstructing biomes from palaeoecological data: a general method and its application to European pollen data at 0 and 6 ka. Climate Dynamics, 12, 185-194.
89. Prentice IC, Harrison SP, Jolly D et al. (1998) The climate and biomes of Europe at 6000 yr BP: comparison of model simulations and pollen-based reconstructions. In: Late Quaternary Climates: Data Syntheses and Model Experiments (ed. Webb T III). Quaternary Science Reviews, 17, 659-668.
90. Prentice IC, Jolly D, BIOME 6000 Participants (2000) Mid-Holocene and glacial-maximum vegetation geography of the northern continents and Africa. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 507-519.
91. Prentice IC, Sarnthein M (1993) Self-regulatory processes in the biosphere in the face of climate change. In: Global Changes in the Perspective of the Past: report of the Dahlem Workshop on Global Changes in the Perspective of the Past, Berlin 1991, December 8-13 (eds Eddy J, Oeschger H), pp. 29-38. Wiley, Chichester.
92. Prentice IC, Sykes MT, Cramer W (1991) The possible dynamic response of northern forests to global warming. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 1, 129-135.
93. Prentice IC, Sykes MT, Lautenschlager M et al. (1993) Modelling global vegetation patterns and terrestrial carbon storage at the Last Glacial Maximum. Global Ecology and Biogeography Letters, 3, 67-76.
94. Prentice IC, Webb T III (1998) BIOME 6000: reconstructing global mid-Holocene vegetation patterns from palaecological records. Journal of Biogeography, 25, 997-1005.
95. Raynaud D, Jouzel J, Barnola JM et al. (1993) The ice record of greenhouse gases. Science, 259, 926-934.
96. Sadourny R, Laval K (1984) January and July performance of the LMD general circulation model. In: New Perspectives in Climate Modelling (eds Berger AL, Nicolls, C), pp. 173-197. Elsevier, Paris.
97. Scott L (2002) Grassland development under glacial and interglacial conditions in southern Africa: review of pollen, phytolith and isotope evidence. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 177, 47-57.
98. Shin S-I, Liu Z, Otto-Bliesner BL et al. (2002) A simulation of the Last Glacial Maximum climate using the NCAR-CCSM. Climate Dynamics, 30, 127-151 (doi: 10.1007/s00382-002-0260-x).
99. Sitch S, Smith B, Prentice IC et al. (2003) Evaluation of ecosystem dynamics, plant geography and terrestrial carbon cycling in the LPJ Dynamic Global Vegetation Model. Global Change Biology, 9, 161-185.
100. Sonzogni C, Bard E, Rostek F (1998) Tropical sea-surface temperatures during the last glacial period: a view based on alkenones in Indian Ocean sediments. Quaternary Science Reviews, 17, 1185-1201.
101. Street-Perrott FA, Huang Y, Perrott RA et al. (1997) Impact of lower atmospheric carbon dioxide on tropical mountain ecosystems. Science, 278, 1422-1426.
102. 13C record of late Quaternary climate-change from tropical peats in southern India. Nature, 364, 703-706.
103. Sutra J-P, Harrison SP, Barboni D et al. (in press) Application of a global plant functional type scheme in the reconstruction of modern and palaeovegetation of the Indian subcontinent from pollen, Journal of Vegetation Science.
104. Sykes MT, Prentice IC, Laarif F (1999) Quantifying the impact of global climate change on potential natural vegetation. Climatic Change, 41, 37-52.
105. Tarasov PE, Volkova VS, Webb T III et al. (2000) Last glacial maximum biomes reconstructed from pollen and plant macro-fossil data from northern Eurasia. Journal of Biogeography, 27, 609-620.
106. TEMPO Members (Kutzbach JE, Bartlein PJ, Foley JA et al.) (1996) Potential role of vegetation feedback in the climate sensitivity of high-latitude regions: a case study at 6000 years before present. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 10, 727-736.
107. Texier D, de Noblet N, Harrison SP et al. (1997) Quantifying the role of biosphere-atmosphere feedbacks in climate change: coupled model simulation for 6000 years BP and comparison with paleodata for northern Eurasia and northern Africa. Climate Dynamics, 13, 865-882.
108. 2 Sensitivity. Journal of Climate, 8, 1104-1121.
109. 2 from the GENESIS version-2 global climate model. Journal of Climate, 10, 871-900.
110. Valdes P, Hall NMJ (1994) Mid-latitude depressions during the ice age. In: Long Term Climatic Variations: Data and Modelling (eds Duplessy JC, Spyridakis MT), pp. 511-531. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, London.
111. Vavrus S, Harrison SP (2003) The impact of sea ice dynamics on the arctic climate system. Climate Dynamics, doi: 10.1007/ 500382-003-0309-5.
112. de Vernal A, Hillaire-Marcel C, Turon JL et al. (2000) Reconstruction of sea-surface temperature, salinity, and sea-ice cover in the northern North Atlantic during the last glacial maximum based on dinocyst assemblages. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 37, 725-750.
113. de Vernal A, Rochon A, Turon JL et al. (1997) Organic-walled dinoflagellate cysts: palynological tracers of sea-surface conditions in middle to high latitude marine environments. Geobios, 30, 905-920.
114. Weinelt M, Sarnthein M, Pflaumann U et al. (1996) Ice-free Nordic Seas during the Last Glacial Maximum? Potential sites of deep water formation. Palaeoclimates: Data and Modelling, 1, 283-309.
115. Wolff T, Mulitza S, Arz H et al. (1998) Oxygen isotopes versus CLIMAP (18 ka) temperatures: a comparison from the tropical Atlantic. Geology, 26, 675-678.
116. 2 from preindustrial levels. Nature, 327, 617-618.
117. Wyputta U, McAvaney BJ (2001) Influence of vegetation changes during the Last Glacial Maximum using the BMRC atmospheric general circulation model. Climate Dynamics, 17, 923-932.
118. Zhao M, Beveridge NAS, Shackleton NJ et al. (1995) Molecular stratigraphy of cores off Northwest Africa - sea-surface temperature history over the last 80 Ka. Paleoceanography, 10, 661-675.