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note
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This paper is concerned with motion in the two-dimensional frontoprallel plane; the term "rigidity" (or coherence) describes the perception of a single rigid object moving in this plane.
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note
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To avoid confusion, there is, of course, no "real" motion for a translating line presented on a monitor. Rather, the successive switching on and off of pixels creates the illusion of motion. So when we are talking about the real motion of a rigid line, this should be understood as the motion of the rigid object that could produce the stimulation.
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84894006726
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note
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The space constants of the fitted Gaussians are 2.8° for the D6 patterns and 2.1° for lines. The (albeit small) difference in space constants would be even further reduced by fixing the asymptotes of the Gaussians to 45° (the expected value of perpendicular motion for an isolated line segment).
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24
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84894008418
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note
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Obviously, this does not prove that higher-order processes cannot influence motion integration in addition to the low-level processes indicated here.
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25
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84893992882
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note
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One may argue that a quantitative comparison between this and previous experiments should take the distance between the dot and the closest part of the line segment as a substitute for the inter-aperture gap. However, even given this correction, the results in this experiment still show a bias that is significantly closer to the perpendicular than for line terminators.
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The orientation and direction selectivity of cells in macaque visual cortex
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84893986855
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note
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Note that the 1.7-cpd flanker frequency condition here (Fig. 9) is not identical to the previous experiment on D6 patterns (Fig. 7). In the previous experiment, the contrast for the central patch and the truncations were equal but had opposite signs. Here the contrasts of the three parts of the display were identical. This gives the impression of a set of aligned, but disconnected, black and white stripes, which might be predicted to appear more coherent than in the case of contrast-alternated stripes used before. The results show that this manipulation does not greatly affect observers' judgments.
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84894001868
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note
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Note that, although the apertures in our experiments were invisible, such "pseudoreal" aperture terminators could conceivably be classified as extrinsic. This is because the apertures are physically absent in the sense of having zero contrast, but, as the line moves, the terminators trace out the shape of the aperture. (This possibility was raised, in conversation, by Mark Georgeson). The visual system could use this information to classify the terminator as arising from a line occluded by a circular aperture and hence be extrinsic in an elaborated intrinsic/extrinsic classification. To test this, the circular apertures were replaced with invisible rectangles in a control condition. The orientation of the rectangular apertures was perpendicular to the line's orientation. This eliminated any difference between real and pseudoreal terminators. Nonetheless, the pattern of response was indistinguishable from that presented in Fig. 3, invalidating such a hypothesized modification of the intrinsic/extrinsic rule.
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A continuous version of the barber-pole illusion
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