Smoking and preoperative fasting - Are there evidence based guidelines?;Rauchen und präoperative nüchternheit - Was ist belegt?

Anaesthesiologie und Reanimation

Volumn 28, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 88-96

  Schumacher, Anne ^a   Vagts, D A ^b   Noldge Schomburg G F E ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^b NONE

Author keywords

Anaesthetic risk; Aspiration; Nicotine; Pharmacology; Preoperative fasting; Pulmonary complications; Smoking

Indexed keywords

ANESTHESIA INDUCTION; BREAST FEEDING; DIET RESTRICTION; EVIDENCE BASED MEDICINE; FOOD INTAKE; HEART DISEASE; HEART MUSCLE ISCHEMIA; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LIQUID; LUNG ASPIRATION; LUNG COMPLICATION; MILK; PERIOPERATIVE PERIOD; POSTOPERATIVE COMPLICATION; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREOPERATIVE EVALUATION; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SMOKING; SMOKING CESSATION;

EVIDENCE-BASED MEDICINE; FASTING; GUIDELINES; HUMANS; PNEUMONIA, ASPIRATION; PREOPERATIVE CARE; SMOKING;

EID: 0042880897     PISSN: 03234983     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (98)

1. Adelhoj, B., Petring, O.U.: Refraining from cigarette smoking before premedication. The Can Anaesth Soc J 32, 499-450, 1985
2. Adelhoj, B., Petring, O.U., Frosig, F.: Influence of cigarette smoking on the risk of acid pulmonary aspiration. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 31, 7-9, 1987
3. Akrawi, W., Benumof, J.: A pathophysiological basis for informed preoperative smoking cessation counseling. J Cardiothor and Vasc Anaesth 11, 629-640, 1997
4. Allen, S.S., Hatsukami, D.: Cholesterol changes in smoking cessation using the transdermal nicotine system. Transdermal nicotine study Group. Prevent Med, 23, 190-196, 1994
5. Attia, R.: Maternal, fetal and placental gastrin concentration. Anaesthesia 37, 18-21, 1982
6. Ball, D.R., Jefferson, P.: The unfasted elective patient. Anaesthesia 56, 1005-1006, 2002
7. Bayes, J.: Asymptomatic smokers: ASA I or II? Anesthesiology, 56, 76, 1982
8. Beckers, S., Camu, F.: The anaesthetic risk of tobacco smoking. Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 42, 45-46, 1991
9. Billeaud, C., Guillet, J.: Gastric emptying in infants with or without gastroesophageal reflux according to the type of milk. Eur J Clin Nutr 44, 577-583, 1990
10. Bluman, L.G., Mosca, L.: Preoperative smoking habits and postoperative pulmonary complications. Chest, 113, 883-889, 1998
11. Borland, L.M., Sereika, S.M.: Pulmonary aspiration in pediatric patients during general anaesthesia: incidence and outcome. Clin Anaesth 10, 95-102, 1998
12. Boyd, E.J., Wilson, J.A., Wormstey, K.G.: Smoking impairs therapeutic gastric inhibition. Lancet 1, 95-97, 1983
13. Buist, A.S., Sexton, G.J.: The effect of smoking cessation and modification on lung function. Am Rev Resp Dis 114, 115-122, 1976
14. Cavell, B.: Gastric emptying in infants. Acta Paed Scand 60, 370-371, 1971
15. Cavell, B.: Gastric emptying in preterm infants. Acta Paed Scand 68, 725-730, 1979
16. Chodoff, P., Margand, P.M.S.: Short term abstinence from smoking: its place in preoperative preparation. Critical Care Medicine 3, 131-133, 1975
17. Cook-Sather, S.D., Liacouris, C.A.: Gastric fluid measurement by blind aspiration in paediatric patients: a gastroscopic evaluation. Can J Anaesth 44, 168-172, 1997
18. Corbett, A.R., Mortimer, A.J.: Preoperative fasting: how long is it necessary? Eur J Anaesthesiol 14, 555-557, 1997
19. Coté, C.J.: Preoperative fasting: is the answer clear? J of Ped, 132, 1077-1078, 1998
20. Coté, C.J.: Preoperative preparation and premedication. Br J Anaesth 83, 16-28, 1999
21. Dellers, A., Stenz, R., Forstner, K.: Carboxyhemoglobin in smokers and a preoperative smoking cessation. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 116, 48-51, 1991
22. Dennis, A., Curran, J.: Effects of passive and active smoking on induction of anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 73, 450-452, 1994
23. Dilworth, J.P., White, R.J.: Postoperative chest infection after upper abdominal surgery: an important problem for smokers. Respir Med 86, 205-210, 1992
24. Doll, R., Jones, F.A.: Effect of smoking on production and maintenance of gastric and duodenal ulcers. Lancet 1, 657, 1958
25. Ellenhorn, M.J., Arceloux, D.G.: Nicotine products in medical toxicology. Elsevier, London 1988, 912-921
26. Erskine, R.J., Murphy, P.J.: Sensitivity of upper airway reflexes in cigarette smokers: effect of abstinence. Br J Anaesth 73, 298-302, 1994
27. Fasting, S., Soreide, E.: Changing preoperative fasting policies. Impact of a national consensus. Acta Anaesth Scand 42, 1188-1191, 1998
28. Fletcher, D.R., Shulkes, A.: The effect of cigarette smoking on gastric acid secretion and mucosal blood flow in man. Aust N Z J Med 15, 417-420, 1985
29. Forrest, J.B., Rehder, K.: Multicenter study of general anesthesia III. Anesthesiology 76, 3-15, 1992
30. Fung, W.P., Tye, C.Y.: Effect of smoking on gastric secretion. Aust N Z J M 3, 251-254, 1973
31. Furchgott, R.F., Jothianandan, D.: Endothelium dependent and -independent vasodilatation involving cyclic GMP: relaxation by nitric oxide, carbon monoxide and light. Blood vessels 28, 52-61, 1991
32. Gleghorn, E.: Preoperative fasting: You don't have to be cruel to be kind. J Pediatr 131, 12-13, 1997
33. Gordon, G.S., Rogers, R.L.: Projects Carbon Monoxide: A medical study of an occipational Hazard of firefighters. Merkel Press, London 1969
34. Grimes, D.S., Goddard, J.: Effect of cigarette smoking on gastric emptying. Br Med J 2, 460-461, 1978
35. Gundawardana, R.H.: Cigarette smoking and anaesthesia: Ceylon Med J 44, 180-183, 1999
36. Haddock, J., Burrows, C.: The role of the nurse in health promotion: an evaluation of smoking cessation programme in surgical pre-admission. J Adv Nurs 26, 1098-1110, 1997
37. Hammond, E.C., Horn, D.: Smoking and death rates-report on 44 months of follow up of 187783 men. J Amer Med Ass 166, 1294-1308, 1958
38. Hardy, J.F., Lepage, Y.: Occurrence of gastroesophageal reflux on induction of anaesthesia does not correlate with the volume of gastric contents. Can J Anaesth 37, 502-508, 1990
39. Ingebo, K.R., Rayhorn, N.J.: Sedation in children: adequacy of two-hour fasting. J Pediatr 131, 155-158, 1997
40. James, C.F., Modell, J.H.: Pulmonary aspiration-effects of volume and pH in the rat. Anesth Analg 63,665-668, 1984
41. Jester, R., Williams, S.: Preoperative fasting: putting research into practice. Nurs Stand 13, 33-35, 1999
42. Jones, R.M.: Smoking before surgery: the case for stopping. Br Med J 290, 1763-1764, 1985
43. Jones, R.M., Rosen, M.: Smoking and anaesthesia. Anaesthesia 42, 1-2, 1987
44. Kamada, T., Haruma, K.: Effect of smoking and histological gastritis severity on the rate of H. pylori eradication with omeprazole, amoxicillin and clarithromycin. Helicobacter 4, 204-210, 1999
45. Kluger, M.T., Short, T.G.: Aspiration during anaesthesia: a review of 133 cases from the Australian Anaesthetic incident monitoring study (AIMS). Anaesthesia 54, 19-26, 1999
46. Knelson, J.H.: United States air quality, criteria and ambient standards for carbon monoxide. UDI Berichte 180, 99-101, 1972
47. Konrad, F.X., Schreiber, T.: Bronchial mucus transport in chronic smokers and nonsmokers during general anaesthesia. J Clin Anesth 5, 375-380, 1993
48. Lawrence, R.A.: Safe preoperative fasting times after milk or clear fluids. Anaesthesia 55, 501-502, 2000
49. Lillington, G.A., Sachs, D.P.: Preoperative smoking reduction: all or nothing at all? Chest 113, 856-858, 1998
50. Madsen, M., Brosnan, J.: Perioperative thurst: a patient perspective. J Perianest Nurs 13, 125-128, 1998
51. Mark, E., Anderson, M.D.: Short-term preoperative smoking abstinence. AFP 41, 1191-1194, 1990
52. Mc Kinley, C., James, R.L.: Most anaesthesiologists no longer restrict clear fluids for eight hours before elective surgery. NCMJ 58, 32-33, 1997
53. Meakin, G., Dingwall, A.: Effects of fasting and oral premedication on the pH and volume of gastric aspiration in children. Br J Anaest 59, 678-682, 1987
54. Meliska, C.J., Stunkard, M.E.: Immune function in cigarette smokers who quit for 31 days. J Allerg Clin Immun 95, 901-910, 1995
55. Mellin-Olsen, J., Fastin, S.: Routine preoperative gastric emptying is seldom indicated: a study of 85594 anaesthetics with special focus on aspiration pneumonia. Acta Anaesth Scand 40, 1184-1188, 1996
56. Miller, L.G., Goldstein, G.: Reversible alterations in immunoregulatory T-cells in smoking, Chest 82, 526-529, 1982
57. Munday, I.T., Desai, P.M.: The effectiveness of preoperative advice to stop smoking: a prospective controlled trial. Anaesthesia 48, 816-818, 1993
58. Ng, A., Smith, G.: Gastroesophageal reflux and aspiration of gastric contents in anesthetic practice. Anesth Analg 93, 494-513, 2001
59. Nierman, E., Zakrzewski, K.: Recognition and management of preoperative risk, Rheum Dis Clin of North Carolina 25, 585-622, 1999
60. Nikutta, P., Jost, S.: The beneficial effect of smoking cessation on angiographic progression of coronary disease: results of the INTACT study. Circulation 82, Suppl. III, 229, 1991
61. Olsson, G.L., Hallen, B.: Aspiration during anaesthesia: a computer aided study of 185358 anaesthetics. Acta Anaesth Scand 30, 84-92, 1986
62. Ouchterlony, J., Arvidsson, S.: Peroperative and immediate postoperative adverse event in patients undergoing elective general and orthopaedic surgery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 39, 643-652, 1995
63. Pandit, S.K., Loberg, K. W.: Toast and tea before elective surgery? A national survey on current practice. Anesth Analg 90, 1348-1351, 2000
64. Pearce, A.C., Jones, R.M.: Smoking and anesthesia: preoperative abstinence and perioperative morbidity. Anesthesiology 61, 576-584, 1984
65. Piper, D.W., Raine, J.M.: Effect of smoking on gastric secretion. Lancet 1, 696-698, 1959
66. Rasp, F.L., Clawson, C.C.: Reversible impairment of the adherence of alveolar macrophages from cigarette smokers. Am Rev Resp Dis 118, 979-986, 1978
67. Roberts, R.B., Shirley, M.A.: Reducing the risk of acid aspiration during caesarean section. Anesth Analg 53, 859-868, 1974
68. Rode, A., Shephard, R.J.: The influence of cigarette smoking upon the oxygen cost of breathing in near-maximal exercise. Med Sci Sports 3, 51, 1971
69. Rosenberg, L., Palmer, J.R.: Decline in the risk of myocardial infarction among women who stopped smoking. New Engl J Med 322, 213-217, 1990
70. Säppenen, A.: Physical work capacity in relation to carbon monoxide inhalation and tobacco smoking. Ann Clin Research 9, 269-274, 1977
71. Sanders, G.M.: Preoperative fasting in the older child. Anaesthesia 55, 610-611, 2000
72. Schifferdecker, A.: Wie nüchtern muss ein Patient vor und nach einer anaesthesiologischen Intervention sein? Kratikenpflege 37, 324-326, 1999
73. Schilling, J., Holzer, P.: Reduced endogenous nitric oxide in the exhaled air of smokers and hypertensives. Eur Resp J 7, 467-471, 1994
74. Schmidt, R.F., Tews, G.: Physiologie des Menschen. Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 28. Aufl. 2000
75. Schreiner, M.S.: Gastric fluid volume; is it really a risk factor for pulmonary aspiration? Anesth Analg 87, 754-756, 1998
76. Schwartz, D.A.: The pulmonary consequences of aspiration of gastric contents at pH values > 2,5. Amer Rev Resp Dis 121, 119-126, 1980
77. Schwartz, D.A., Connelly, N.R.: Gastric contents in children presenting for upper endoscopy. Anesth Analg 87, 757-760, 1998
78. Schwilk, B., Bothner, U., Schraag, S.: Perioperative respiratory events in smokers and nonsmokers undergoing general anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 41, 348-355, 1997
79. Shah, M.V., Watkins, G.: The effect of written advice on preoperative cigarette consumption. An R Coll Surg Engl 66, 436-437, 1984
80. Signer, E., Friedrich, E.: Gastric emptying in newborns and young infants. Acta Paed Scand 64, 525-530, 1975
81. Simini, B.: Preoperative fasting. The Lancet 353, 862, 1999
82. Simpson, K.H.: Pregnancy delays paracetamol absorption and gastric emptying in patients undergoing surgery, Br J Anaesth 60, 24-27, 1988
83. Soreide, E., Holst-Larsen, H.: The effects of chewing gum on gastric content prior to induction of general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 80, 985-989, 1995
84. Soreide, E., Hansken, T.: Gastric emptying of a light hospital breakfast: a study using real time ultrasonography. Acta Anaesth Scand 40, 549-553, 1996
85. Soreide, E., Fasting, S.: New preoperative fasting guidelines in Norway. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 41, 799, 1997
86. Splinter, W.M., Schreiner, M.S.: Preoperative fasting in children. Anesth Analg 89, 80-89, 1999
87. Swan, G.E., Hodgkin, J.E.: Reversibility of airways injury over a 12-month period following smoking cessation. Chest 101, 607-612, 1992
88. Talmage, D., Egan, M.D.: Perioperative smoking cessation and anesthesia: a review. J Clin Anesth 4, 63-72, 1992
89. Taylor, R.; Preoperative fasting in children. Anaesthesia 53, 1130-1137, 1998
90. Tournadre, J.P.; Preoperative fasting. The Lancet 353, 1624., 1999
91. Verheecke, G.: On the strange effects of fasting times. Anaesthesia 55, 935-936, 2000
92. Verra, F., Escudier, E.; Ciliary abnormalities in bronchial epithelium of smokers, ex-smokers and non-smokers. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 151, 630-634, 1995
93. Warner, M.A., Divertie, M.B.: Preoperative cessation of smoking and pulmonary complications in coronary artery bypass patients. Anaestesiology 60, 380-383, 1984
94. Warner, M.A., Offord, K,P.: Role of preoperative cessation of smoking and other factors in postoperative pulmonary complications: a blinded prospective study of coronary artery bypass patients. Mayo Clin Proc 64, 609-616, 1989
95. Warner, M.A., Warner, M.E.: Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during perioperative period. Anesthesiology 78, 56-62, 1993
96. Warner, M.A., Caplan, R.A.; Practice guidelines for preoperative fasting and the use of pharmacologic agents to reduce the risk of pulmonary aspiration. ASA Professional Information 2002
97. Whitfield, P.F., Hobsley, M.: Comparison of maximal gastric secretion in smokers and non-smokers with and without duodenal ulcer. Gut 28, 557-560, 1987
98. Wiseman, S., Kenchington, G.: Influence of smoking and plasma factors on patency of femoropopliteal vein grafts. Br Med J 299, 643-646, 1989