메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 89, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 80-89

Preoperative fasting in children

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTIFICIAL MILK; BREAST MILK; CHEWING GUM; DIET RESTRICTION; EMERGENCY SURGERY; GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX; HUMAN; HYPOGLYCEMIA; IRRITABILITY; PEDIATRIC SURGERY; PREOPERATIVE CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; STOMACH EMPTYING; STOMACH JUICE; STOMACH SUCTION; STOMACH VOLUME;

EID: 0033009714     PISSN: 00032999     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00000539-199907000-00015     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (64)

References (115)
  • 1
    • 0025218724 scopus 로고
    • Ingestion of liquids compared with preoperative fasting in pediatric outpatients
    • Schreiner MS, Triebwasser A, Keon TP. Ingestion of liquids compared with preoperative fasting in pediatric outpatients. Anesthesiology 1990;72:593-7.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.72 , pp. 593-597
    • Schreiner, M.S.1    Triebwasser, A.2    Keon, T.P.3
  • 2
    • 0025051477 scopus 로고
    • Unlimited clear fluid ingestion two hours before surgery in children does not affect volume or pH of stomach contents
    • Splinter WM, Schaefer JD. Unlimited clear fluid ingestion two hours before surgery in children does not affect volume or pH of stomach contents. Anaesth Intensive Care 1990;18:522-6.
    • (1990) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.18 , pp. 522-526
    • Splinter, W.M.1    Schaefer, J.D.2
  • 3
    • 0020082508 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of risk factors related to the acid aspiration syndrome in pediatric patients: Gastric pH and residual volume
    • Cote CJ, Goudsouzian NG, Liu LMP, et al. Assessment of risk factors related to the acid aspiration syndrome in pediatric patients: gastric pH and residual volume. Anesthesiology 1982; 56:70-2.
    • (1982) Anesthesiology , vol.56 , pp. 70-72
    • Cote, C.J.1    Goudsouzian, N.G.2    Liu, L.M.P.3
  • 4
    • 0025218723 scopus 로고
    • NPO after midnight for children: A reappraisal
    • Cote CJ. NPO after midnight for children: a reappraisal. Anesthesiology 1990;72:589-92.
    • (1990) Anesthesiology , vol.72 , pp. 589-592
    • Cote, C.J.1
  • 5
    • 0023022355 scopus 로고
    • The effect of different preoperative feeding regimens on plasma glucose and gastric volume and pH in infancy
    • Van der Walt JH, Carter JA. The effect of different preoperative feeding regimens on plasma glucose and gastric volume and pH in infancy. Anaesth Intensive Care 1986;14:352-9.
    • (1986) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.14 , pp. 352-359
    • Van Der Walt, J.H.1    Carter, J.A.2
  • 6
    • 0019378035 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying of varying meal weight and composition in man: Evaluation of dual liquid-and solid-phase isotopic method
    • Moore JG, Christian PE, Coleman RE. Gastric emptying of varying meal weight and composition in man: evaluation of dual liquid-and solid-phase isotopic method. Dig Dis Sci 1981;26:16-22.
    • (1981) Dig Dis Sci , vol.26 , pp. 16-22
    • Moore, J.G.1    Christian, P.E.2    Coleman, R.E.3
  • 7
    • 77049198332 scopus 로고
    • The influence of volume on gastric emptying
    • Hunt JN, MacDonald I. The influence of volume on gastric emptying. J Physiol 1954;126:459-74.
    • (1954) J Physiol , vol.126 , pp. 459-474
    • Hunt, J.N.1    Macdonald, I.2
  • 8
    • 0019391104 scopus 로고
    • The gastric emptying of small volumes given in quick succession
    • Erskine L, Hunt JN. The gastric emptying of small volumes given in quick succession. J Physiol 1981;313:335-41.
    • (1981) J Physiol , vol.313 , pp. 335-341
    • Erskine, L.1    Hunt, J.N.2
  • 9
    • 0019638162 scopus 로고
    • Search for resistances controlling canine gastric emptying of liquid meals
    • Miller J, Kaufman G, Elasoff J, et al. Search for resistances controlling canine gastric emptying of liquid meals. Am J Physiol 1981;241:G403-15.
    • (1981) Am J Physiol , vol.241
    • Miller, J.1    Kaufman, G.2    Elasoff, J.3
  • 11
    • 0025077216 scopus 로고
    • The stomach: Factors of importance to the anaesthetist
    • Davies JM, Davison JS, Nimmo WS, et al. The stomach: factors of importance to the anaesthetist. Can J Anaesth 1990;37: 896-906.
    • (1990) Can J Anaesth , vol.37 , pp. 896-906
    • Davies, J.M.1    Davison, J.S.2    Nimmo, W.S.3
  • 12
    • 0021348078 scopus 로고
    • The physiology and pathophysiology of gastric emptying in humans
    • Minami H, McCallum RW. The physiology and pathophysiology of gastric emptying in humans. Gastroenterology 1984;86: 1592-610.
    • (1984) Gastroenterology , vol.86 , pp. 1592-1610
    • Minami, H.1    McCallum, R.W.2
  • 13
    • 0021742060 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying of solid and liquid meals in healthy young subjects
    • Notivol R, Carrio I, Cano L, et al. Gastric emptying of solid and liquid meals in healthy young subjects. Scand J Gastroenterol 1984;19:1107-13.
    • (1984) Scand J Gastroenterol , vol.19 , pp. 1107-1113
    • Notivol, R.1    Carrio, I.2    Cano, L.3
  • 14
    • 0020071368 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying of a physiologic mixed solid-liquid meal
    • Fisher RS, Malmud LS, Bandini P, Rock E. Gastric emptying of a physiologic mixed solid-liquid meal. Clin Nucl Med 1982;7: 215-21.
    • (1982) Clin Nucl Med , vol.7 , pp. 215-221
    • Fisher, R.S.1    Malmud, L.S.2    Bandini, P.3    Rock, E.4
  • 15
    • 0032407293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of 20th century attitudes to prophylaxis of pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia
    • McIntyre JWR. Evolution of 20th century attitudes to prophylaxis of pulmonary aspiration during anaesthesia. Can J Anaesth 1998;45:1024-30.
    • (1998) Can J Anaesth , vol.45 , pp. 1024-1030
    • McIntyre, J.W.R.1
  • 16
    • 33748265582 scopus 로고
    • The rate of secretion and electrolyte content of normal gastric juice
    • Nordgren B. The rate of secretion and electrolyte content of normal gastric juice. Acta Physiol Scand 1963;58(Suppl 202): 10-5.
    • (1963) Acta Physiol Scand , vol.58 , Issue.202 SUPPL. , pp. 10-15
    • Nordgren, B.1
  • 17
    • 0018036455 scopus 로고
    • Effect of intragastric pressure on gastric emptying and secretion
    • Strunz UT, Grossman MI. Effect of intragastric pressure on gastric emptying and secretion. Am J Physiol 1978;235:E552-5.
    • (1978) Am J Physiol , vol.235
    • Strunz, U.T.1    Grossman, M.I.2
  • 19
    • 0003933783 scopus 로고
    • Gastric juice and physiology of digestion
    • Beaumont W. Gastric juice and physiology of digestion. Plattsburg: Allen, 1833:159-60.
    • (1833) Plattsburg: Allen , pp. 159-160
    • Beaumont, W.1
  • 21
    • 0029800289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric physiology and function: Effects of fruit juices
    • Moukarzel AA, Sabri MT. Gastric physiology and function: effects of fruit juices. J Am. Coll Nutr 1996;15:18S-25S.
    • (1996) J Am. Coll Nutr , vol.15
    • Moukarzel, A.A.1    Sabri, M.T.2
  • 22
    • 0029775851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric gastric emptying: Value of right lateral and upright positioning
    • Villanueva-Meyer J, Swischuk LE, Cesani F, et al. Pediatric gastric emptying: value of right lateral and upright positioning. J Nucl Med 1996;37:1356-8.
    • (1996) J Nucl Med , vol.37 , pp. 1356-1358
    • Villanueva-Meyer, J.1    Swischuk, L.E.2    Cesani, F.3
  • 23
    • 0023947082 scopus 로고
    • Effect of meal temperature on gastric emptying of liquids in man
    • Sun WM, Houghton LA, Read NW, et al. Effect of meal temperature on gastric emptying of liquids in man. Gut 1988;29: 302-5.
    • (1988) Gut , vol.29 , pp. 302-305
    • Sun, W.M.1    Houghton, L.A.2    Read, N.W.3
  • 24
    • 0020000220 scopus 로고
    • Effects of meal temperature and volume on the emptying of liquid from the human stomach
    • Bateman DN. Effects of meal temperature and volume on the emptying of liquid from the human stomach. J Physiol 1982; 331:461-7.
    • (1982) J Physiol , vol.331 , pp. 461-467
    • Bateman, D.N.1
  • 25
    • 0020673250 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms and disorders of gastric emptying
    • Hunt JN. Mechanisms and disorders of gastric emptying. Ann Rev Med 1983;34:219-29.
    • (1983) Ann Rev Med , vol.34 , pp. 219-229
    • Hunt, J.N.1
  • 26
    • 0024385648 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the use of ultrasonography in the study of liquid gastric emptying
    • Marzio L, Giacobbe A, Conoscitore P, et al. Evaluation of the use of ultrasonography in the study of liquid gastric emptying. Am J Gastroenterol 1989;84:495-500.
    • (1989) Am J Gastroenterol , vol.84 , pp. 495-500
    • Marzio, L.1    Giacobbe, A.2    Conoscitore, P.3
  • 28
    • 0020528254 scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on gastric emptying of liquid-solid meals in man
    • Moore JG, Tweedy C, Christian PE, Datz FL. Effect of age on gastric emptying of liquid-solid meals in man. Dig Dis Sci 1983;28:340-4.
    • (1983) Dig Dis Sci , vol.28 , pp. 340-344
    • Moore, J.G.1    Tweedy, C.2    Christian, P.E.3    Datz, F.L.4
  • 29
    • 0019463158 scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous gastric emptying of two solid foods
    • Weiner K, Graham LS, Reedy T, et al. Simultaneous gastric emptying of two solid foods. Gastroenterology 1981;81:257-66.
    • (1981) Gastroenterology , vol.81 , pp. 257-266
    • Weiner, K.1    Graham, L.S.2    Reedy, T.3
  • 30
    • 0025063862 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in infants with or without gastroesophageal reflux according to the type of milk
    • Billeaud C, Guillet J, Sandler B. Gastric emptying in infants with or without gastroesophageal reflux according to the type of milk. Eur J Clin Nutr 1990;44:577-83.
    • (1990) Eur J Clin Nutr , vol.44 , pp. 577-583
    • Billeaud, C.1    Guillet, J.2    Sandler, B.3
  • 31
    • 0019943116 scopus 로고
    • Osmolarity of the gastric and duodenal contents in low birth weight infants fed human milk or various formulae
    • Billeaud C, Senterre J, Rigo J. Osmolarity of the gastric and duodenal contents in low birth weight infants fed human milk or various formulae. Acta Paediatr Scand 1982;71:799-803.
    • (1982) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.71 , pp. 799-803
    • Billeaud, C.1    Senterre, J.2    Rigo, J.3
  • 32
    • 0023627163 scopus 로고
    • Gastroduodenal motility in neonates: Response to human milk compared with cow's milk formula
    • Tomomasa T, Hyman PE, Itoh K, et al. Gastroduodenal motility in neonates: response to human milk compared with cow's milk formula. Pediatrics 1987;80:434-8.
    • (1987) Pediatrics , vol.80 , pp. 434-438
    • Tomomasa, T.1    Hyman, P.E.2    Itoh, K.3
  • 33
    • 0026664671 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying using three different formulas in infants with gastroesophageal reflux
    • Tolia V, Lin C-H, Kuhns LR. Gastric emptying using three different formulas in infants with gastroesophageal reflux. J Ped Gastr Nutr 1992;15:297-301.
    • (1992) J Ped Gastr Nutr , vol.15 , pp. 297-301
    • Tolia, V.1    Lin, C.-H.2    Kuhns, L.R.3
  • 34
    • 0023948733 scopus 로고
    • Circadian variation in fat concentration and fat intake in a rural northern Thai population
    • Jackson DA, Imong SM, Silparsert A, et al. Circadian variation in fat concentration and fat intake in a rural northern Thai population. Br J Nutr 1988;59:349-63.
    • (1988) Br J Nutr , vol.59 , pp. 349-363
    • Jackson, D.A.1    Imong, S.M.2    Silparsert, A.3
  • 35
    • 0019907732 scopus 로고
    • Variation in the composition of breast milk during the first five weeks of lactation: Implications for the feeding of preterm infants
    • Hibbard CM, Brooke OG, Carter ND, et al. Variation in the composition of breast milk during the first five weeks of lactation: implications for the feeding of preterm infants. Arch Dis Child 1982;57:658-62.
    • (1982) Arch Dis Child , vol.57 , pp. 658-662
    • Hibbard, C.M.1    Brooke, O.G.2    Carter, N.D.3
  • 36
    • 0023950318 scopus 로고
    • Estimation of 24 h breast-milk fat concentration and fat intake in rural northern Thailand
    • Jackson DA, Imong SM, Silprasert A, et al. Estimation of 24 h breast-milk fat concentration and fat intake in rural northern Thailand. Br J Nutr 1988;59:365-71.
    • (1988) Br J Nutr , vol.59 , pp. 365-371
    • Jackson, D.A.1    Imong, S.M.2    Silprasert, A.3
  • 37
    • 0020038183 scopus 로고
    • Clinical and field studies of human lactation: Methodological considerations
    • Brown KH, Black RE, Robertson AD, et al. Clinical and field studies of human lactation: methodological considerations. Am J Clin Nutr 1982;35:745-56.
    • (1982) Am J Clin Nutr , vol.35 , pp. 745-756
    • Brown, K.H.1    Black, R.E.2    Robertson, A.D.3
  • 38
    • 0018713580 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in preterm infants
    • Cavell B. Gastric emptying in preterm infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 1979;68:725-30.
    • (1979) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.68 , pp. 725-730
    • Cavell, B.1
  • 39
    • 0015062387 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in infants
    • Cavell B. Gastric emptying in infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 1971;60:370-1.
    • (1971) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.60 , pp. 370-371
    • Cavell, B.1
  • 40
    • 0020059763 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in prematures of isocaloric feedings with different osmolalities
    • Siegel M, Liebenthal E, Topper W, et al. Gastric emptying in prematures of isocaloric feedings with different osmolalities. Pediatr Res 1982;16:141-7.
    • (1982) Pediatr Res , vol.16 , pp. 141-147
    • Siegel, M.1    Liebenthal, E.2    Topper, W.3
  • 41
    • 0016715140 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in newborns and young infants
    • Signer E, Fridrich R. Gastric emptying in newborns and young infants. Acta Paediatr Scand 1975;64:525-30.
    • (1975) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.64 , pp. 525-530
    • Signer, E.1    Fridrich, R.2
  • 42
    • 0020081762 scopus 로고
    • Osmolality of carbohydrate solutions and gastric emptying in the new-born
    • Hunt LI, Antonson DL, Paxson CL, Vanderhoof JA. Osmolality of carbohydrate solutions and gastric emptying in the new-born. Am J Dis Child 1982;136:448-51.
    • (1982) Am J Dis Child , vol.136 , pp. 448-451
    • Hunt, L.I.1    Antonson, D.L.2    Paxson, C.L.3    Vanderhoof, J.A.4
  • 43
    • 0020530027 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in children: Unusual patterns detected by scintigraphy
    • Seibert JJ, Byrne WJ, Euler AR. Gastric emptying in children: unusual patterns detected by scintigraphy. AJR Am J Radiol 1983;141:49-51.
    • (1983) AJR Am J Radiol , vol.141 , pp. 49-51
    • Seibert, J.J.1    Byrne, W.J.2    Euler, A.R.3
  • 44
    • 0026057418 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in infants and children: Limited utility of 1-hour measurement
    • Gelfand MJ, Wagner GG. Gastric emptying in infants and children: limited utility of 1-hour measurement. Radiology 1991;178:379-81.
    • (1991) Radiology , vol.178 , pp. 379-381
    • Gelfand, M.J.1    Wagner, G.G.2
  • 45
    • 0344014045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deleted in proof
    • Deleted in proof.
  • 46
    • 84913284512 scopus 로고
    • Measurement of gastric emptying in infants with technetium-99m-labelled solid-phase meal
    • Andres J, Hansley LS, Mathias JR. Measurement of gastric emptying in infants with technetium-99m-labelled solid-phase meal. Pediatr Res 1980;14:419A.
    • (1980) Pediatr Res , vol.14
    • Andres, J.1    Hansley, L.S.2    Mathias, J.R.3
  • 47
    • 0025006020 scopus 로고
    • A study of preoperative fasting in infants aged less than three months
    • van der Walt JH, Foate JA, Murrell D, et al. A study of preoperative fasting in infants aged less than three months. Anaesth Intensive Care 1990;18:527-31.
    • (1990) Anaesth Intensive Care , vol.18 , pp. 527-531
    • Van Der Walt, J.H.1    Foate, J.A.2    Murrell, D.3
  • 48
    • 0028029166 scopus 로고
    • Gastric volume and pH in infants fed clear liquids and breast milk prior to surgery
    • Litman RS, Wu CL, Quinlivan JK. Gastric volume and pH in infants fed clear liquids and breast milk prior to surgery. Anesth Analg 1994;79:482-5.
    • (1994) Anesth Analg , vol.79 , pp. 482-485
    • Litman, R.S.1    Wu, C.L.2    Quinlivan, J.K.3
  • 49
    • 0023235698 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fasting and oral premedication on the pH and volume of gastric aspirate in children
    • Meakin G, Dingwall A, Addison M. Effects of fasting and oral premedication on the pH and volume of gastric aspirate in children. Br J Anaesth 1987;59:678-82.
    • (1987) Br J Anaesth , vol.59 , pp. 678-682
    • Meakin, G.1    Dingwall, A.2    Addison, M.3
  • 50
    • 0021024016 scopus 로고
    • Gastric contents at induction of anaesthesia: Is a 4-hour fast necessary?
    • Miller M, Wishart HY, Nimmo WS. Gastric contents at induction of anaesthesia: is a 4-hour fast necessary? Br J Anaesth 1983;55:1185-7.
    • (1983) Br J Anaesth , vol.55 , pp. 1185-1187
    • Miller, M.1    Wishart, H.Y.2    Nimmo, W.S.3
  • 51
    • 0029967166 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying of a light hospital breakfast: A study using real time ultrasonography
    • Soreide E, Hausken T, Soreide JA, Steen PA. Gastric emptying of a light hospital breakfast: a study using real time ultrasonography. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996;40:549-53.
    • (1996) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.40 , pp. 549-553
    • Soreide, E.1    Hausken, T.2    Soreide, J.A.3    Steen, P.A.4
  • 52
    • 0031738678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changing preoperative fasting policies: Impact of a national census
    • Fasting S, Soreide E, Raeder JC. Changing preoperative fasting policies: impact of a national census. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1998;42:1188-91.
    • (1998) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.42 , pp. 1188-1191
    • Fasting, S.1    Soreide, E.2    Raeder, J.C.3
  • 53
    • 0027514768 scopus 로고
    • Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration in the perioperative period
    • Warner MA, Warner ME, Weber JG. Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration in the perioperative period. Anesthesiology 1993;78:56-62.
    • (1993) Anesthesiology , vol.78 , pp. 56-62
    • Warner, M.A.1    Warner, M.E.2    Weber, J.G.3
  • 54
    • 0030065025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An audit of perioperative aspiration pneumonitis in gynaecological and obstetric patients
    • Soreide E, Bjornstad E, Steen PA. An audit of perioperative aspiration pneumonitis in gynaecological and obstetric patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996;40:14-9.
    • (1996) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.40 , pp. 14-19
    • Soreide, E.1    Bjornstad, E.2    Steen, P.A.3
  • 55
    • 0029800118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Routine preoperative gastric emptying is seldom indicated: A study of 85,594 anaesthetics with special focus on aspiration pneumonia
    • Mellin-Olsen J, Fasting S, Gisvold SE. Routine preoperative gastric emptying is seldom indicated: a study of 85,594 anaesthetics with special focus on aspiration pneumonia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1996;40:1184-8.
    • (1996) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.40 , pp. 1184-1188
    • Mellin-Olsen, J.1    Fasting, S.2    Gisvold, S.E.3
  • 56
    • 0032615818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Perioperative pulmonary aspiration in infants and children
    • Warner MA, Warner ME, Warner DO, et al. Perioperative pulmonary aspiration in infants and children. Anesthesiology 1999;90:66-71.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , pp. 66-71
    • Warner, M.A.1    Warner, M.E.2    Warner, D.O.3
  • 57
    • 0032031907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pulmonary aspiration in pediatric patients during general anesthesia: Incidence and outcomes
    • Borland LM, Sereika SM, Woelfel SK, et al. Pulmonary aspiration in pediatric patients during general anesthesia: incidence and outcomes. J Clin Anesth 1998;10:95-102.
    • (1998) J Clin Anesth , vol.10 , pp. 95-102
    • Borland, L.M.1    Sereika, S.M.2    Woelfel, S.K.3
  • 58
    • 0022635038 scopus 로고
    • Aspiration during anaesthesia: A computer-aided study of 185,358 anaesthetics
    • Olsson GL, Hallen B, Hambraeus-Jonzon K. Aspiration during anaesthesia: a computer-aided study of 185,358 anaesthetics. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1986;30:84-92.
    • (1986) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.30 , pp. 84-92
    • Olsson, G.L.1    Hallen, B.2    Hambraeus-Jonzon, K.3
  • 59
    • 0028037743 scopus 로고
    • Sugarless gum chewing before surgery does not increase gastric fluid volume or acidity
    • Dubin SA, Jense HG, McCrane JM, Zubar V. Sugarless gum chewing before surgery does not increase gastric fluid volume or acidity. Can J Anaesth 1994;41:603-6.
    • (1994) Can J Anaesth , vol.41 , pp. 603-606
    • Dubin, S.A.1    Jense, H.G.2    McCrane, J.M.3    Zubar, V.4
  • 60
    • 0028916449 scopus 로고
    • The effects of chewing gum on gastric contents prior to induction of general anesthesia
    • Soreide E, Holst-Larsen H, Veel T, Steen PA. The effects of chewing gum on gastric contents prior to induction of general anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1995;80:985-9.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80 , pp. 985-989
    • Soreide, E.1    Holst-Larsen, H.2    Veel, T.3    Steen, P.A.4
  • 61
    • 0029434719 scopus 로고
    • "Nulla per os [NPO] after midnight" reassessed
    • Dowling JL. "Nulla per os [NPO] after midnight" reassessed. Rhode Island Med 1995;78:339-41.
    • (1995) Rhode Island Med , vol.78 , pp. 339-341
    • Dowling, J.L.1
  • 62
    • 0017888483 scopus 로고
    • Gastric retention in neonates
    • Gupta M, Brans YW. Gastric retention in neonates. Pediatrics 1978;62:26-9.
    • (1978) Pediatrics , vol.62 , pp. 26-29
    • Gupta, M.1    Brans, Y.W.2
  • 63
    • 0016781864 scopus 로고
    • Effect of body position on gastric emptying in the neonate
    • Yu VYH. Effect of body position on gastric emptying in the neonate. Arch Dis Child 1975;50:500-4.
    • (1975) Arch Dis Child , vol.50 , pp. 500-504
    • Yu, V.Y.H.1
  • 64
    • 0014937236 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying of starch meals in the newborn
    • Husband J, Husband P, Mallinson CN. Gastric emptying of starch meals in the newborn. Lancet 1970;2:291-3.
    • (1970) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 291-293
    • Husband, J.1    Husband, P.2    Mallinson, C.N.3
  • 65
    • 0014688721 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying of water and glucose solutions in the newborn
    • Husband J, Husband P. Gastric emptying of water and glucose solutions in the newborn. Lancet 1969;2:409-11.
    • (1969) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 409-411
    • Husband, J.1    Husband, P.2
  • 66
  • 67
    • 0019391104 scopus 로고
    • The gastric emptying of small volumes given in quick succession
    • Erskine L, Hunt JN. The gastric emptying of small volumes given in quick succession. J Physiol 1981;313:335-41.
    • (1981) J Physiol , vol.313 , pp. 335-341
    • Erskine, L.1    Hunt, J.N.2
  • 68
    • 0345308261 scopus 로고
    • Effects of fasting interval on risk factors for pulmonary aspiration in pediatric patients: A meta-analysis
    • Shirley DJ, Mathieu A, Gunter J. Effects of fasting interval on risk factors for pulmonary aspiration in pediatric patients: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg 1995;80:S440.
    • (1995) Anesth Analg , vol.80
    • Shirley, D.J.1    Mathieu, A.2    Gunter, J.3
  • 69
    • 0025970426 scopus 로고
    • Ingestion of clear fluids is safe for adolescents up to 3 hours before anaesthesia
    • Splinter WM, Schaefer JD. Ingestion of clear fluids is safe for adolescents up to 3 hours before anaesthesia. Br J Anaesth 1991;66:48-52.
    • (1991) Br J Anaesth , vol.66 , pp. 48-52
    • Splinter, W.M.1    Schaefer, J.D.2
  • 70
    • 0025863288 scopus 로고
    • Gastric fluid volume and pH in elective patients following unrestricted oral fluid until three hours before surgery
    • Maltby JR, Lewis P, Martin A, Sutherland LR. Gastric fluid volume and pH in elective patients following unrestricted oral fluid until three hours before surgery. Can J Anaesth 1991;38:425-9.
    • (1991) Can J Anaesth , vol.38 , pp. 425-429
    • Maltby, J.R.1    Lewis, P.2    Martin, A.3    Sutherland, L.R.4
  • 71
    • 0026041023 scopus 로고
    • Allowing pre-operative patients to drink: Effects on patients' safety and comfort of unlimited oral water until 2 hours before anaesthesia
    • Read MS, Vaughn RS. Allowing pre-operative patients to drink: effects on patients' safety and comfort of unlimited oral water until 2 hours before anaesthesia. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1991;35:591-5.
    • (1991) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.35 , pp. 591-595
    • Read, M.S.1    Vaughn, R.S.2
  • 72
    • 0027404031 scopus 로고
    • Preoperative drinking does not affect gastric contents
    • Phillips S, Hutchinson S, Davidson T. Preoperative drinking does not affect gastric contents. Br J Anaesth 1993;70:6-9.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.70 , pp. 6-9
    • Phillips, S.1    Hutchinson, S.2    Davidson, T.3
  • 73
    • 0022141951 scopus 로고
    • Effect of preoperative fasting in children and adults
    • Singh O. Effect of preoperative fasting in children and adults. Mid East J Anesth 1985;8:235-9.
    • (1985) Mid East J Anesth , vol.8 , pp. 235-239
    • Singh, O.1
  • 74
    • 0030331403 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Severe hypoglycemia associated with preoperative fasting and intraoperative propranolol: A case report and discussion
    • Bush GH, Steward DJ. Severe hypoglycemia associated with preoperative fasting and intraoperative propranolol: a case report and discussion. Paediatr Anaesth 1996;6:415-7.
    • (1996) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.6 , pp. 415-417
    • Bush, G.H.1    Steward, D.J.2
  • 75
    • 0027358884 scopus 로고
    • Effects of 2-, 4-and 12-hour fasting intervals on preoperative gastric fluid pH and volume, and plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis in children
    • Maekawa N, Mikawa K, Yaku H, et al. Effects of 2-, 4-and 12-hour fasting intervals on preoperative gastric fluid pH and volume, and plasma glucose and lipid homeostasis in children. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 1993;37:783-7.
    • (1993) Acta Anaesthesiol Scand , vol.37 , pp. 783-787
    • Maekawa, N.1    Mikawa, K.2    Yaku, H.3
  • 76
    • 0019936523 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacological evacuation of the stomach with metoclopramide
    • Olsson GL, Hallen B. Pharmacological evacuation of the stomach with metoclopramide. Acta Anaesthiol Scand 1982;26:417-20.
    • (1982) Acta Anaesthiol Scand , vol.26 , pp. 417-420
    • Olsson, G.L.1    Hallen, B.2
  • 78
    • 0030886436 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aspiration after administration of oral contrast material in children undergoing abdominal CT for trauma
    • Lim-Dunham JE, Narra J, Benya EC, Donaldson JS. Aspiration after administration of oral contrast material in children undergoing abdominal CT for trauma. AJR Am J Radiol 1997;169: 1015-8.
    • (1997) AJR Am J Radiol , vol.169 , pp. 1015-1018
    • Lim-Dunham, J.E.1    Narra, J.2    Benya, E.C.3    Donaldson, J.S.4
  • 79
    • 0344445309 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric nuclear gastroenterology: Evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and gastrointestinal bleeding
    • Freeman LM, Weissmann HS, eds. New York: Raven
    • Heyman S. Pediatric nuclear gastroenterology: evaluation of gastroesophageal reflux and gastrointestinal bleeding. In: Freeman LM, Weissmann HS, eds. Nuclear medicine annual 1985. New York: Raven, 1985:133-69.
    • (1985) Nuclear Medicine Annual 1985 , pp. 133-169
    • Heyman, S.1
  • 80
    • 0345308259 scopus 로고
    • Motor function of the stomach
    • Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS, eds. Philadelphia: WB Saunders
    • Feldman M. Motor function of the stomach. In: Sleisenger MH, Fordtran JS, eds. Gastrointestinal disease. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1983:534.
    • (1983) Gastrointestinal Disease. 3rd Ed. , pp. 534
    • Feldman, M.1
  • 81
    • 0023639487 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in children with gastroesophageal reflux
    • Jolley SG, Leonard JC, Tunell WP. Gastric emptying in children with gastroesophageal reflux. J Pediatr Surg 1987;22:923-6.
    • (1987) J Pediatr Surg , vol.22 , pp. 923-926
    • Jolley, S.G.1    Leonard, J.C.2    Tunell, W.P.3
  • 82
    • 0021086905 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying times of water in infants and children: Comparison of those with and without gastroesophageal reflux
    • Euler AR, Byrne WJ. Gastric emptying times of water in infants and children: comparison of those with and without gastroesophageal reflux. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1983;2:595-8.
    • (1983) J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr , vol.2 , pp. 595-598
    • Euler, A.R.1    Byrne, W.J.2
  • 83
    • 0019391694 scopus 로고
    • Delayed gastric emptying in infants with gastroesophageal reflux
    • Hillemeier AC, Lange R, McCallum R, et al. Delayed gastric emptying in infants with gastroesophageal reflux. J Pediatr 1981;98:190-3.
    • (1981) J Pediatr , vol.98 , pp. 190-193
    • Hillemeier, A.C.1    Lange, R.2    McCallum, R.3
  • 85
    • 0021810714 scopus 로고
    • Delayed gastric emptying in children with Crohn's disease
    • Grill BB, Lange R, Markowitz R, et al. Delayed gastric emptying in children with Crohn's disease. J Clin Gastroenterol 1985;7:216-26.
    • (1985) J Clin Gastroenterol , vol.7 , pp. 216-226
    • Grill, B.B.1    Lange, R.2    Markowitz, R.3
  • 86
    • 0030722118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sedation in children: Adequacy of two-hour fasting
    • Ingebo KR, Rayborn NJ, Hecht RM, et al. Sedation in children: adequacy of two-hour fasting. J Pediatr 1997;131:155-8.
    • (1997) J Pediatr , vol.131 , pp. 155-158
    • Ingebo, K.R.1    Rayborn, N.J.2    Hecht, R.M.3
  • 87
    • 0030710571 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative fasting: You don't have to be cruel to be kind
    • Gelgborn EE. Preoperative fasting: you don't have to be cruel to be kind. J Pediatr 1997;131:12-3.
    • (1997) J Pediatr , vol.131 , pp. 12-13
    • Gelgborn, E.E.1
  • 88
    • 0031714082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gastric contents in children presenting for upper endoscopy
    • Schwartz DA, Connelly NR, Theroux CA, et al. Gastric contents in children presenting for upper endoscopy. Anesth Analg 1998;87:757-60.
    • (1998) Anesth Analg , vol.87 , pp. 757-760
    • Schwartz, D.A.1    Connelly, N.R.2    Theroux, C.A.3
  • 89
    • 0028231469 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between diabetic autonomic neuropathy and gastric contents
    • Ishihara H, Singh H, Giesecke AH. Relationship between diabetic autonomic neuropathy and gastric contents. Anesth Analg 1994;78:943-7.
    • (1994) Anesth Analg , vol.78 , pp. 943-947
    • Ishihara, H.1    Singh, H.2    Giesecke, A.H.3
  • 90
    • 0026548256 scopus 로고
    • Shortened preanesthetic fasting interval in pediatric cardiac surgical patients
    • Nicolson SC, Dorsey AT, Schreiner MS. Shortened preanesthetic fasting interval in pediatric cardiac surgical patients. Anesth Analg 1992;74:694-7.
    • (1992) Anesth Analg , vol.74 , pp. 694-697
    • Nicolson, S.C.1    Dorsey, A.T.2    Schreiner, M.S.3
  • 91
    • 0019418583 scopus 로고
    • Gastric emptying in infants with congenital heart disease
    • Cavell B. Gastric emptying in infants with congenital heart disease. Acta Paediatr Scand 1981;70:517-20.
    • (1981) Acta Paediatr Scand , vol.70 , pp. 517-520
    • Cavell, B.1
  • 92
    • 0017227928 scopus 로고
    • Premedicant drugs and gastric juice pH and volume in pediatric patients
    • Salem MR, Wong AY, Mani M, et al. Premedicant drugs and gastric juice pH and volume in pediatric patients. Anesthesiology 1976;44:216-9.
    • (1976) Anesthesiology , vol.44 , pp. 216-219
    • Salem, M.R.1    Wong, A.Y.2    Mani, M.3
  • 93
    • 0021712816 scopus 로고
    • Rectal diazepam compared to intramuscular pethidine/promethazine/chlorpromazine with regard to gastric contents in paediatric anaesthesia
    • Blom H, Schmidt JF, Rytlander M. Rectal diazepam compared to intramuscular pethidine/promethazine/chlorpromazine with regard to gastric contents in paediatric anaesthesia. Acta Anesthesiol Scand 1984;28:652-3.
    • (1984) Acta Anesthesiol Scand , vol.28 , pp. 652-653
    • Blom, H.1    Schmidt, J.F.2    Rytlander, M.3
  • 94
    • 0021210745 scopus 로고
    • Effects of pre-anaesthetic glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric fluid acidity and volume in children
    • Manchikanti L, Hawkins JM, McCracken JE, Roush JR. Effects of pre-anaesthetic glycopyrrolate and cimetidine on gastric fluid acidity and volume in children. Eur J Anaesth 1984;1: 123-31.
    • (1984) Eur J Anaesth , vol.1 , pp. 123-131
    • Manchikanti, L.1    Hawkins, J.M.2    McCracken, J.E.3    Roush, J.R.4
  • 95
    • 0019783851 scopus 로고
    • Dose response effects of oral cimetidine on gastric pH and volume in children
    • Goudsouzian N, Cote CJ, Liu LMP, Dedrick DF. Dose response effects of oral cimetidine on gastric pH and volume in children. Anesthesiology 1981;55:533-6.
    • (1981) Anesthesiology , vol.55 , pp. 533-536
    • Goudsouzian, N.1    Cote, C.J.2    Liu, L.M.P.3    Dedrick, D.F.4
  • 96
    • 0031464808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 2 receptor antagonist with gastrokinetic drugs on gastric fluid pH and volume in children: A comparative study
    • 2 receptor antagonist with gastrokinetic drugs on gastric fluid pH and volume in children: a comparative study. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997;35:561-4.
    • (1997) Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.35 , pp. 561-564
    • Kulkarni, P.N.1    Batra, Y.K.2    Wig, J.3
  • 97
    • 0030958483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral premedication with midazolam in paediatric anaesthesia: Effects on sedation and gastric contents
    • Riva J, Lejbusiewicz G, Papa M, et al. Oral premedication with midazolam in paediatric anaesthesia: effects on sedation and gastric contents. Paediatr Anaesth 1997;7:191-6.
    • (1997) Paediatr Anaesth , vol.7 , pp. 191-196
    • Riva, J.1    Lejbusiewicz, G.2    Papa, M.3
  • 98
    • 0024848235 scopus 로고
    • The effects of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate premedication on preoperative behavioral responses and gastric volume and acidity in children
    • Stanley TH, Leiman BC, Rawal N, et al. The effects of oral transmucosal fentanyl citrate premedication on preoperative behavioral responses and gastric volume and acidity in children. Anesth Analg 1989;69:328-35.
    • (1989) Anesth Analg , vol.69 , pp. 328-335
    • Stanley, T.H.1    Leiman, B.C.2    Rawal, N.3
  • 99
    • 0019207322 scopus 로고
    • The effect of β-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on gastric emptying in man
    • Rees MR, Clark RA, Holdsworth CD, et al. The effect of β-adrenoreceptor agonists and antagonists on gastric emptying in man. Br J Pharmacol 1980;10:551-4.
    • (1980) Br J Pharmacol , vol.10 , pp. 551-554
    • Rees, M.R.1    Clark, R.A.2    Holdsworth, C.D.3
  • 100
    • 0024238398 scopus 로고
    • Gastrointestinal motility and gastric pH and emptying following ingestion of diazepam
    • Schurizek BA, Kraglund K, Andreasen F, et al. Gastrointestinal motility and gastric pH and emptying following ingestion of diazepam. Br J Anaesth 1988;61:712-9.
    • (1988) Br J Anaesth , vol.61 , pp. 712-719
    • Schurizek, B.A.1    Kraglund, K.2    Andreasen, F.3
  • 101
    • 0024268628 scopus 로고
    • Gastric fluid volume, pH, and emptying in elective inpatients: Influences of narcotic-atropine premedication, oral fluid, and ranitidine
    • Maltby JR, Koehli N, Ewen A, Shaffer EA. Gastric fluid volume, pH, and emptying in elective inpatients: influences of narcotic-atropine premedication, oral fluid, and ranitidine. Can J Anaesth 1988;35:562-6.
    • (1988) Can J Anaesth , vol.35 , pp. 562-566
    • Maltby, J.R.1    Koehli, N.2    Ewen, A.3    Shaffer, E.A.4
  • 102
    • 0024369486 scopus 로고
    • Fluid deprivation before operation: The effect of a small drink
    • Agarwal A, Chari P, Singh H. Fluid deprivation before operation: the effect of a small drink. Anaesthesia 1989;44:632-4.
    • (1989) Anaesthesia , vol.44 , pp. 632-634
    • Agarwal, A.1    Chari, P.2    Singh, H.3
  • 103
    • 0027404030 scopus 로고
    • How long should patients fast before surgery? Time for new guidelines
    • Strunin L. How long should patients fast before surgery? Time for new guidelines. Br J Anaesth 1993;70:1-3.
    • (1993) Br J Anaesth , vol.70 , pp. 1-3
    • Strunin, L.1
  • 104
    • 0028963044 scopus 로고
    • Preoperative fasting for paediatric anaesthesia [letter]
    • Weaver M. Preoperative fasting for paediatric anaesthesia [letter]. Br J Anaesth 1995;74:349.
    • (1995) Br J Anaesth , vol.74 , pp. 349
    • Weaver, M.1
  • 105
    • 0031955146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-operative fasting for paediatric anaesthesia a survey of current practice
    • Emerson BM, Wrigley SR, Newton M. Pre-operative fasting for paediatric anaesthesia a survey of current practice. Anaesthesia 1998;53:326-30.
    • (1998) Anaesthesia , vol.53 , pp. 326-330
    • Emerson, B.M.1    Wrigley, S.R.2    Newton, M.3
  • 106
    • 0029984185 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preoperative fasting time: Is the traditional policy changing? Results of a national survey
    • Green CR, Pandit SK, Schork MA. Preoperative fasting time: is the traditional policy changing? Results of a national survey. Anesth Analg 1996;83:123-8.
    • (1996) Anesth Analg , vol.83 , pp. 123-128
    • Green, C.R.1    Pandit, S.K.2    Schork, M.A.3
  • 107
    • 0031795883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pramedikation und praoperative Nahrungskarenz in der Kinderanasthesie
    • Haas U, Motsch J, Schreckenberger R, et al. Pramedikation und praoperative Nahrungskarenz in der Kinderanasthesie. Anaesthetist 1998;47:838-43.
    • (1998) Anaesthetist , vol.47 , pp. 838-843
    • Haas, U.1    Motsch, J.2    Schreckenberger, R.3
  • 108
  • 109
    • 0024552703 scopus 로고
    • The effect of preoperative apple juice on gastric contents, thirst, and hunger in children
    • Splinter WM, Stewart JA, Muir JG. The effect of preoperative apple juice on gastric contents, thirst, and hunger in children. Can J Anaesth 1989;36:55-8.
    • (1989) Can J Anaesth , vol.36 , pp. 55-58
    • Splinter, W.M.1    Stewart, J.A.2    Muir, J.G.3
  • 110
    • 0024426906 scopus 로고
    • Effect of oral liquids and ranitidine on gastric fluid volume and pH in children undergoing outpatient surgery
    • Sandhar BK, Goresky GV, Maltby JR, Shaffer EA. Effect of oral liquids and ranitidine on gastric fluid volume and pH in children undergoing outpatient surgery. Anesthesiology 1989; 71:327-30.
    • (1989) Anesthesiology , vol.71 , pp. 327-330
    • Sandhar, B.K.1    Goresky, G.V.2    Maltby, J.R.3    Shaffer, E.A.4
  • 111
    • 0025137095 scopus 로고
    • Large volumes of apple juice preoperatively do not affect gastric pH and volume in children
    • Splinter WM, Stewart JA, Muir JG. Large volumes of apple juice preoperatively do not affect gastric pH and volume in children. Can J Anaesth 1990;37:36-9.
    • (1990) Can J Anaesth , vol.37 , pp. 36-39
    • Splinter, W.M.1    Stewart, J.A.2    Muir, J.G.3
  • 112
    • 0025367390 scopus 로고
    • Clear fluids three hours before surgery do not affect the gastric fluid contents of children
    • Splinter WM, Schaefer JD, Zunder IH. Clear fluids three hours before surgery do not affect the gastric fluid contents of children. Can J Anaesth 1990;37:498-501.
    • (1990) Can J Anaesth , vol.37 , pp. 498-501
    • Splinter, W.M.1    Schaefer, J.D.2    Zunder, I.H.3
  • 113
    • 0025200885 scopus 로고
    • Effects of duration of fasting on gastric fluid pH and volume in healthy children
    • Crawford M, Lerman J, Christensen S, Farrow-Gillespie A. Effects of duration of fasting on gastric fluid pH and volume in healthy children. Anesth Analg 1990;71:400-3.
    • (1990) Anesth Analg , vol.71 , pp. 400-403
    • Crawford, M.1    Lerman, J.2    Christensen, S.3    Farrow-Gillespie, A.4
  • 114
    • 0025052971 scopus 로고
    • Gastric residual volume in infants and children following a 3 hour fast
    • Miller BR, Tharp JA, Issacs WB. Gastric residual volume in infants and children following a 3 hour fast. J Clin Anesth 1990;2:301-5.
    • (1990) J Clin Anesth , vol.2 , pp. 301-305
    • Miller, B.R.1    Tharp, J.A.2    Issacs, W.B.3
  • 115
    • 0032949314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • American society of anesthesiologists task force on preoperative fasting
    • A report by the American Society of Anesthesiologists Task Force on Preoperative Fasting. Anesthesiology 1999;90: 896-905.
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , pp. 896-905


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.