Burst swim speed in tadpoles inhabiting ponds with different top predators

Evolutionary Ecology Research

Volumn 4, Issue 5, 2002, Pages 627-642

  Richardson, Jean M L ^a,b  

^a Dartmouth College   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF TORONTO   (Canada)

Author keywords

Anti predator traits; Anurans; Burst swim speed; Community ecology; Comparative study; Evolutionary correlations; Functional relationships; Tadpoles

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042849115     PISSN: 15220613     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (58)

1. Alford, R.A. 1999. Ecology: resource use, competition, and predation. In Tadpoles: The Biology of Anuran Larvae (R. W. McDiarmid and R. Altig, eds), pp. 240-278. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
2. Azevedo-Ramos, C., Magnusson, W.E. and Bayliss, P. 1999. Predation as the key factor structuring tadpole assemblages in a Savanna Area in Central Amazonia. Copeia, 1999: 22-33.
3. Brodie, E.D., Jr. and Formanowicz, D.R., Jr. 1987. Antipredator mechanisms of larval anurans: protection of palatable individuals. Herpetologica, 43: 369-373.
4. Brooks, J.L. and Dodson, S.I. 1965. Predation, body size, and composition of plankton. Science, 150: 28-35.
5. Caldwell, J.P. 1982. Disruptive selection: a tail color polymorphism in Acris tadpoles in response to differential predation. Can. J. Zool., 60: 2818-2827.
6. Collins, J.P. and Wilbur, H.M. 1979. Breeding habits and habitats of the amphibians of the Edwin S. George Reserve, Michigan, with notes on the local distributions of fishes. Occ. Pap. Mus. Zool., U. Michigan, 686: 1-34.
7. Connell, J.H. 1983. On the prevalence and relative importance of interspecific competition: evidence from field experiments. Am. Nat., 122: 661-696.
8. Duellman, W.E. and Trueb, L. 1994. Biology of Amphibians, 2nd edn. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
9. Dunson, W.A. and Travis, J. 1991. The role of abiotic factors in community ecology. Am. Nat., 138: 1067-1091.
10. Feder, M.E. 1983. The relation of air breathing and locomotion to predation on tadpoles, Rana berlandieri, by turtles. Phys. Zool., 56: 522-531.
11. Felsenstein, J. 1985. Phylogenies and the comparative method. Am. Nat., 125: 1-15.
12. Formanowicz, D.R., Jr. and Brodie, E.D., Jr. 1982. Relative palatabilities of members of a larval amphibian community. Copeia, 1982: 91-97.
13. Gosner, N. 1960. A simplified table for staging anuran embryos and larvae with notes on identification. Herpetologica, 16: 183-190.
14. Graybeal, A. 1997. Phylogenetic relationships of bufonid frogs and tests of alternate macroevolutionary hypotheses characterizing their radiation. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 119: 297-338.
15. Hairston, N.G., Smith, F.E. and Slobodkin, L.B. 1960. Community structure, population control, and competition. Am. Nat., 94: 421-425.
16. Hayduk, L.A. 1988. Structural Equations with Lisrel: Essentials and Advances. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press.
17. Hedges, S.B. 1986. An electrophoretic analysis of holarctic hylid frog evolution. Syst. Zool., 35: 1-21.
18. Heyer, W.R., McDiarmid, R.W. and Weigmann, D.L. 1975. Tadpoles, predation and pond habitats in the tropics. Biotropica, 7: 100-111.
19. Hillis, D.M. and Davis, S.K. 1986. Evolution of ribosomal DNA: fifty million years of recorded history in the frog genus Rana. Evolution, 40: 1275-1288.
20. Kats, L.B., Petranka, J.W. and Sih, A. 1988. Antipredator defenses and the persistence of amphibian larvae with fishes. Ecology, 69: 1865-1870.
21. Li, C.C. 1975. Path Analysis: A Primer. Pacific Grove, CA: Boxwood Press.
22. Liu, H., Wassersug, R.J. and Kawach, K. 1996. A computational fluid dynamics study of tadpole swimming. J. Exp. Biol., 199: 1245-1260.
23. Liu, H., Wassersug, R.J. and Kawachi, K. 1997. The three-dimensional hydrodynamics of tadpole locomotion. J. Exp. Biol., 200: 2807-2819.
24. MacArthur, R.H. 1972. Geographical Ecology. New York: Harper & Row.
25. Manly, B.F.J. 1991. Randomization and Monte Carlo Methods in Biology. New York: Chapman & Hall.
26. Maxson, L.R. 1984. Molecular probes of phylogeny and biogeography in toads of the widespread genus Bufo. Mol. Biol. Evol., 1: 345-356.
27. McCollum, S.A. and Van Buskirk, J. 1996. Costs and benefits of a predator-induced polyphenism in the gray treefrog Hyla chrysoscelis. Evolution, 50: 583-593.
28. McPeek, M.A. 1990a. Determination of species composition in the Enallagma damselfly assemblages of permanent lakes. Ecology, 71: 83-98.
29. McPeek, M.A. 1990b. Behavioral differences between Enallagma species (Odonata) influencing differential vulnerability to predators. Ecology, 71: 1714-1726.
30. McPeek, M.A. 1995. Testing hypotheses about evolutionary change on single branches of a phylogeny using evolutionary contrasts. Am. Nat., 145: 686-703.
31. McPeek, M.A., Schrot, A.K. and Brown, J.M. 1996. Adaptation to predators in a new community: swimming performance and predator avoidance in damselflies. Ecology, 77: 617-629.
32. Menge, B.A. and Sutherland, J.P. 1976. Species diversity gradients: synthesis of the roles of predation, competition, and temporal heterogeneity. Am. Nat., 110: 351-369.
33. Morin, P.J. 1983. Predation, competition, and the composition of larval anuran guilds. Ecol. Monogr., 53: 119-138.
34. Peterson, J.A. and Blaustein, A.R. 1991. Unpalatability in anuran larvae as a defense against natural salamander predators. Ethol. Ecol. Evol., 3: 63-72.
35. Peterson, J.A. and Blaustein, A.R. 1992. Relative palatabilities of anuran larvae to natural aquatic insect predators. Copeia, 1992: 577-584.
36. Post, T.J. and Uzzell, T. 1981. The relationships of Rana sylvatica and the monophyly of the Rana boylii group. Syst. Zool., 30: 170-180.
37. Richardson, J.M.L. 2001. The relative roles of adaptation and phylogeny in determination of larval traits in diversifying anuran lineages. Am. Nat., 157: 282-299.
38. Savage, J.M. 1973. The geographic distribution of frogs: patterns and predictions. In Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans (J.L. Vial, ed.), pp. 351-455. Columbia, MO: University of Missouri Press.
39. Schoener, T.W. 1983. Field experiments on interspecific competition. Am. Nat., 122: 240-285.
40. Searle, S.R. 1987. Linear Models for Unbalanced Data. New York: Wiley.
41. Semlitsch, R.D., Scott, D.E., Pechman, J.H.K. and Whitfield Gibbons, J. 1996. Structure and dynamics of an amphibian community. In Long-term Studies of Vertebrate Communities (M.L. Cody and J.A. Smallwood, eds), pp. 217-248. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
42. Sih, A., Crowley, P., McPeek, M., Petranka, J. and Strohmeier, K. 1985. Predation, competition, and prey communities. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 16: 269-311.
43. Skelly, D.K. 1995. A behavioral trade-off and its consequences for the distribution of Pseudacris treefrog larvae. Ecology, 76: 150-164.
44. Skelly, D.K. 1996. Pond drying, predators, and the distribution of Pseudacris tadpoles. Copeia, 1996: 599-605.
45. Skelly, D.K. 1997. Tadpole communities. Am. Sci., 85: 36-45.
46. Smith, D.C. and Van Buskirk, J. 1995. Phenotypic design, plasticity, and ecological performance in two tadpoles species. Am. Nat., 145: 211-233.
47. Sokal, R.R. and Rohlf, F.J. 1995. Biometry: The Principles and Practice of Statistics in Biological Research, 3rd edn. New York: W.H. Freeman.
48. Van Buskirk, J., McCollum, S.A. and Werner, E.E. 1997. Natural selection for environmentally induced phenotypes in tadpoles. Evolution, 51: 1983-1992.
49. Vogel, S. 1994. Life in Moving Fluids, 2nd edn. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
50. Wassersug, R.J. 1989. Locomotion in amphibian larvae (or 'Why aren't tadpoles built like fishes?'). Am. Zool., 29: 65-84.
51. Wassersug, R.J. and Hoff, K.v.S. 1985. The kinematics of swimming in anuran larvae. J. Exp. Biol., 119: 1-30.
52. Watkins, T.B. 1996. Predator-mediated selection on burst swimming performance in tadpoles of the pacific tree frog, Pseudacris regilla. Phys. Zool., 69: 154-167.
53. Wellborn, G.A. 1994. Size-biased predation and the evolution of prey life histories: a comparative study of freshwater amphipod populations. Ecology, 75: 2104-2117.
54. Wellborn, G.A., Skelly, D.K. and Werner, E.E. 1996. Mechanism creating community structure across a freshwater habitat gradient. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 27: 337-363.
55. Werner, E.E. and McPeek, M.A. 1994. Direct and indirect effects of predators on two anuran species along an environmental gradient. Ecology, 75: 1368-1382.
56. Wilbur, H.M. and Semlitsch, R.D. 1990. Ecological consequences of tail injury in Rana tadpoles. Copeia, 1990: 18-24.
57. Woodward, B.D. 1983. Predator-prey interactions and breeding-pond use of temporary-pond species in a desert anuran community. Ecology, 64: 1549-1555.
58. Zaret, T.M. 1980. Predation and Freshwater Communities. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.