메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 296, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 8-22

Developmental Constraints in a Comparative Framework: A Test Case Using Variations in Phalanx Number during Amniote Evolution

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CLASSIFICATION; EVOLUTION; FORELIMB; GENOTYPE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HISTOLOGY; LOCOMOTION; MORPHOGENESIS; PHENOTYPE; PHYLOGENY;

EID: 0042846132     PISSN: 0022104X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jez.b.13     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (78)

References (86)
  • 1
    • 0001849444 scopus 로고
    • Developmental constraints in evolutionary processes
    • Bonner JT, editor. Berlin: Springer-Verlag
    • Alberch P. 1982. Developmental constraints in evolutionary processes. In: Evolution and development. Bonner JT, editor. Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p 313-332.
    • (1982) Evolution and Development , pp. 313-332
    • Alberch, P.1
  • 2
    • 0007596708 scopus 로고
    • The logic of monsters: Evidence for internal constraint in development and evolution
    • Alberch P. 1989. The logic of monsters: evidence for internal constraint in development and evolution. Geobios Mém Spéc 12:21-57.
    • (1989) Geobios Mém Spéc , vol.12 , pp. 21-57
    • Alberch, P.1
  • 3
    • 0020642727 scopus 로고
    • Size dependence during the development of the amphibian foot. Colchicine-induced digital loss and reduction
    • Alberch P, Gale EA. 1983. Size dependence during the development of the amphibian foot. Colchicine-induced digital loss and reduction. J Embryol Exp Morph 76:177-197.
    • (1983) J Embryol Exp Morph , vol.76 , pp. 177-197
    • Alberch, P.1    Gale, E.A.2
  • 4
    • 0022196822 scopus 로고
    • A developmental analysis of an evolutionary trend - Digital reduction in amphibians
    • Alberch P, Gale EA. 1985. A developmental analysis of an evolutionary trend - digital reduction in amphibians. Evolution 39:8-23.
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 8-23
    • Alberch, P.1    Gale, E.A.2
  • 5
    • 0001690283 scopus 로고
    • Two concepts of constraint: Adaptationism and the challenge from developmental biology
    • Amundson R. 1994. Two concepts of constraint: adaptationism and the challenge from developmental biology. Phil Sci 61:556-578.
    • (1994) Phil Sci , vol.61 , pp. 556-578
    • Amundson, R.1
  • 6
    • 0026077017 scopus 로고
    • Ontoecogenophyloconstraints? The chaos of constraint terminology
    • Antonovics J, van Tienderen PH. 1991. Ontoecogenophyloconstraints? The chaos of constraint terminology. Trends Ecol Evol 6:166-168.
    • (1991) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.6 , pp. 166-168
    • Antonovics, J.1    Van Tienderen, P.H.2
  • 8
    • 0034926657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental drive: An important determinant of the direction of phenotypic evolution
    • Arthur W. 2001. Developmental drive: an important determinant of the direction of phenotypic evolution. Evol Dev 3:271-278.
    • (2001) Evol Dev , vol.3 , pp. 271-278
    • Arthur, W.1
  • 9
    • 0344563424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pattern of variation in centipede segment number as an example of developmental constraints in evolution
    • Arthur W, Farrow M. 1999. The pattern of variation in centipede segment number as an example of developmental constraints in evolution. J Theor Biol 200:183-191.
    • (1999) J Theor Biol , vol.200 , pp. 183-191
    • Arthur, W.1    Farrow, M.2
  • 10
    • 0030708572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental patterns and the identification of homologies in the avian hand
    • Burke AC, Feduccia A. 1997. Developmental patterns and the identification of homologies in the avian hand. Science 278:666-668.
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 666-668
    • Burke, A.C.1    Feduccia, A.2
  • 11
    • 0028950248 scopus 로고
    • Hox genes and the evolution of vertebrate axial morphology
    • Burke AC, Nelson CE, Morgan BA, Tabin CJ. 1995. Hox genes and the evolution of vertebrate axial morphology. Development 121:333-346.
    • (1995) Development , vol.121 , pp. 333-346
    • Burke, A.C.1    Nelson, C.E.2    Morgan, B.A.3    Tabin, C.J.4
  • 13
    • 0006099226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mesozoic marine reptiles as models of long-term, large-scale evolutionary phenomena
    • Callaway JM, Nicholls EL, editors. San Diego: Academic Press
    • Carroll RL. 1997. Mesozoic marine reptiles as models of long-term, large-scale evolutionary phenomena. In: Callaway JM, Nicholls EL, editors. Ancient marine reptiles. San Diego: Academic Press. p 467-489.
    • (1997) Ancient Marine Reptiles , pp. 467-489
    • Carroll, R.L.1
  • 14
    • 0036991813 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation, plasticity and modularity in anuran development
    • Chipman AD. 2002. Variation, plasticity and modularity in anuran development. Zoology 105:97-104.
    • (2002) Zoology , vol.105 , pp. 97-104
    • Chipman, A.D.1
  • 15
    • 0032006747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution of 'bricolage.'
    • Duboule D, Wilkins AS. 1998. The evolution of 'bricolage.' Trends Gen 14:54-59.
    • (1998) Trends Gen , vol.14 , pp. 54-59
    • Duboule, D.1    Wilkins, A.S.2
  • 16
    • 0034930467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple origins of a major novelty: Moveable abdominal lobes in male sepsid flies (Diptera: epsiae), and the question of developmental constraints
    • Eberhard WG. 2001. Multiple origins of a major novelty: moveable abdominal lobes in male sepsid flies (Diptera: epsiae), and the question of developmental constraints. Evol Dev 3:206-222.
    • (2001) Evol Dev , vol.3 , pp. 206-222
    • Eberhard, W.G.1
  • 17
    • 0041328427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restraint with constraints: A reply to Wagner and Müller
    • Eberhard WG. 2002. Restraint with constraints: a reply to Wagner and Müller. Evol Dev 4:7-8.
    • (2002) Evol Dev , vol.4 , pp. 7-8
    • Eberhard, W.G.1
  • 18
    • 0001786853 scopus 로고
    • Change in developmental patterns: Embryos of amphibians with large eggs
    • Raff RA, Raff EC, editors. New York: Alan R. Liss Inc.
    • Elinson RP. 1987. Change in developmental patterns: Embryos of amphibians with large eggs. In: Raff RA, Raff EC, editors. Development as an Evolutionary Process. New York: Alan R. Liss Inc. p 1-21.
    • (1987) Development As An Evolutionary Process , pp. 1-21
    • Elinson, R.P.1
  • 19
    • 0012013522 scopus 로고
    • Some functional and structural characteristics of cetacean flippers flukes
    • Norris KS, editor. Berkeley: University of California Press
    • Felts WJL. 1966. Some functional and structural characteristics of cetacean flippers flukes. In: Norris KS, editor. Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises. Berkeley: University of California Press. p 255-276.
    • (1966) Whales, Dolphins, and Porpoises , pp. 255-276
    • Felts, W.J.L.1
  • 21
    • 0034918589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How many processes are responsible for phenotypic evolution?
    • Fusco G. 2001. How many processes are responsible for phenotypic evolution? Evol Dev 3:279-286.
    • (2001) Evol Dev , vol.3 , pp. 279-286
    • Fusco, G.1
  • 23
    • 0344247901 scopus 로고
    • Morphological constraints on behaviour through ontogeny: The importance of developmental constraints
    • Galis F. 1993. Morphological constraints on behaviour through ontogeny: the importance of developmental constraints. Mar Behav Physiol 23:119-135
    • (1993) Mar Behav Physiol , vol.23 , pp. 119-135
    • Galis, F.1
  • 24
    • 0033561047 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes, and cancer
    • Galis F. 1999. Why do almost all mammals have seven cervical vertebrae? Developmental constraints, Hox genes, and cancer. J Exp Zool 285:19-26.
    • (1999) J Exp Zool , vol.285 , pp. 19-26
    • Galis, F.1
  • 25
    • 0035501503 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why five fingers? evolutionary constraint on digit numbers
    • Galis F, van Alphen JJM, Metz JAJ. 2001. Why five fingers? evolutionary constraint on digit numbers. Trends Ecol Evol 16:637-646.
    • (2001) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.16 , pp. 637-646
    • Galis, F.1    Van Alphen, J.J.M.2    Metz, J.A.J.3
  • 27
    • 0035929321 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: Hands and feet of eocene protocetidae from Pakistan
    • Gingerich PD, Haq M, Zalmout IS, Khan IH, Malkani MS. 2001. Origin of whales from early artiodactyls: hands and feet of eocene protocetidae from Pakistan. Science 293:2239-2242.
    • (2001) Science , vol.293 , pp. 2239-2242
    • Gingerich, P.D.1    Haq, M.2    Zalmout, I.S.3    Khan, I.H.4    Malkani, M.S.5
  • 28
    • 0002633803 scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny and phylogeny of the pentadactyl limb
    • Goodwin BC, Holder N, Wylie CC, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Goodwin BC, Trainor LEH. 1983. The ontogeny and phylogeny of the pentadactyl limb. In: Goodwin BC, Holder N, Wylie CC, editors. Development and evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 75-98.
    • (1983) Development and Evolution , pp. 75-98
    • Goodwin, B.C.1    Trainor, L.E.H.2
  • 29
    • 0002050028 scopus 로고
    • Irrelevance, submission and partnership: The changing role of palaeontology in Darwin's three centennials and a modest proposal for macroevolution
    • Bendall DS, editor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Gould SJ. 1983. Irrelevance, submission and partnership: the changing role of palaeontology in Darwin's three centennials and a modest proposal for macroevolution. In: Bendall DS, editor. Evolution from molecules to men. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 347-366.
    • (1983) Evolution from Molecules to Men , pp. 347-366
    • Gould, S.J.1
  • 30
    • 0024898032 scopus 로고
    • A developmental constraint in Cerion, with comments on the definition and interpretation of constraint in evolution
    • Gould SJ. 1989. A developmental constraint in Cerion, with comments on the definition and interpretation of constraint in evolution. Evolution 43:516-539.
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 516-539
    • Gould, S.J.1
  • 31
    • 0033831240 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Of coiled oysters and big brains: How to rescue the terminology of heterochrony, now gone astray
    • Gould SJ. 2000. Of coiled oysters and big brains: how to rescue the terminology of heterochrony, now gone astray. Evol Dev 2:241-248.
    • (2000) Evol Dev , vol.2 , pp. 241-248
    • Gould, S.J.1
  • 32
    • 0018692402 scopus 로고
    • The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: A critique of the adaptationist programme
    • Gould SJ, Lewontin RC. 1979. The spandrels of San Marco and the Panglossian paradigm: a critique of the adaptationist programme. Proc Roy Soc Lond B 205:581-598.
    • (1979) Proc Roy Soc Lond B , vol.205 , pp. 581-598
    • Gould, S.J.1    Lewontin, R.C.2
  • 33
    • 0038660578 scopus 로고
    • Hyperphalangy in squamates: Insight on the reaquisition of primitive character states in limb-reduced lineages
    • Greer AE. 1992. Hyperphalangy in squamates: insight on the reaquisition of primitive character states in limb-reduced lineages. J Herpetol 26:327-329.
    • (1992) J Herpetol , vol.26 , pp. 327-329
    • Greer, A.E.1
  • 34
    • 0000562073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baupläne, phylotypic stages and constraint. Why are there so few types of animals
    • Hecht MK editor. New York: Plenum Press
    • Hall BK. 1996. Baupläne, phylotypic stages and constraint. Why are there so few types of animals. In Hecht MK editor. Evolutionary Biology vol. 29. New York: Plenum Press. p 215-261.
    • (1996) Evolutionary Biology , vol.29 , pp. 215-261
    • Hall, B.K.1
  • 35
    • 33646491034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanistic basis of life history evolution in anuran amphibians: Direct development
    • Hanken J, Jennings DH, Olsson L. 1997. Mechanistic basis of life history evolution in anuran amphibians: direct development. Amer Zool 37:160-171.
    • (1997) Amer Zool , vol.37 , pp. 160-171
    • Hanken, J.1    Jennings, D.H.2    Olsson, L.3
  • 36
    • 0034656009 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plasticity and constraints in evolution and development
    • Hodin J. 2000. Plasticity and constraints in evolution and development. J Exp Zool 288:1-20.
    • (2000) J Exp Zool , vol.288 , pp. 1-20
    • Hodin, J.1
  • 37
    • 0012011218 scopus 로고
    • The vertebrate limb: Patterns and constraints in development and evolution
    • Goodwin BC, Holder N, Wylie CC, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Holder N. 1983. The vertebrate limb: patterns and constraints in development and evolution. In: Goodwin BC, Holder N, Wylie CC, editors. Development and evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 399-425.
    • (1983) Development and Evolution , pp. 399-425
    • Holder, N.1
  • 38
    • 0031455223 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are the spandrels of San Marco really panglossian pendentives?
    • Houston AI. 1997. Are the spandrels of San Marco really panglossian pendentives? Trends Ecol Evol 12:125.
    • (1997) Trends Ecol Evol , vol.12 , pp. 125
    • Houston, A.I.1
  • 39
    • 0346997679 scopus 로고
    • Neue Studien über Ichthyosaurier aus Holzmaden
    • Huene F. 1931. Neue Studien über Ichthyosaurier aus Holzmaden. Abh Senckenbergischen Naturforsch Gesell 42:345-382.
    • (1931) Abh Senckenbergischen Naturforsch Gesell , vol.42 , pp. 345-382
    • Huene, F.1
  • 40
    • 0001375943 scopus 로고
    • Developmental constraints: Internal factors in evolution
    • Goodwin BC, Holder N, Wylie CC, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Kauffman SA. 1983. Developmental constraints: internal factors in evolution. In: Goodwin BC, Holder N, Wylie CC, editors. Development and evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 195-225.
    • (1983) Development and Evolution , pp. 195-225
    • Kauffman, S.A.1
  • 41
    • 0003566896 scopus 로고
    • Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Associates
    • King JE. 1983. Seals of the world. Ithaca, New York: Comstock Publishing Associates.
    • (1983) Seals of the World
    • King, J.E.1
  • 44
    • 0030700485 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radical alterations in the roles of homeobox genes during echinoderm evolution
    • Lowe CJ, Wray GA. 1997. Radical alterations in the roles of homeobox genes during echinoderm evolution. Nature 389:718-721.
    • (1997) Nature , vol.389 , pp. 718-721
    • Lowe, C.J.1    Wray, G.A.2
  • 45
    • 0001220482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faunas, behaviour, and evolution: Introduction
    • Callaway JM and Nicholls EL, editors. San Diego: Academic Press
    • Massare JA. 1997. Faunas, behaviour, and evolution: introduction. In: Callaway JM and Nicholls EL, editors. Ancient marine reptiles. San Diego: Academic Press. p 401-421.
    • (1997) Ancient Marine Reptiles , pp. 401-421
    • Massare, J.A.1
  • 46
    • 0017161580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of chondrogenesis and calcification in the developing limb of the lizard, Calotes versicolor
    • Mathur JK, Goel SC. 2000. Patterns of chondrogenesis and calcification in the developing limb of the lizard, Calotes versicolor. J Morphol 149:401-420.
    • (2000) J Morphol , vol.149 , pp. 401-420
    • Mathur, J.K.1    Goel, S.C.2
  • 47
    • 0002650725 scopus 로고
    • Evolution and development
    • Goodwin BC, Holder N and Wylie CC. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Maynard Smith J. 1983. Evolution and development. In: Goodwin BC, Holder N and Wylie CC. Development and evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 33-46.
    • (1983) Development and Evolution , pp. 33-46
    • Maynard Smith, J.1
  • 50
    • 0027333472 scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic constraint in evolutionary theory: Has it any explanatory power?
    • McKitrick MC. 1993. Phylogenetic constraint in evolutionary theory: Has it any explanatory power? Annu Rev Ecol Syst 24:307-330.
    • (1993) Annu Rev Ecol Syst , vol.24 , pp. 307-330
    • McKitrick, M.C.1
  • 51
    • 0032554933 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ichthyosaurian relationships illuminated by new primitive skeletons from Japan
    • Motani R, Minoura N, Ando T. 1998. Ichthyosaurian relationships illuminated by new primitive skeletons from Japan. Nature 393:255-257.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.393 , pp. 255-257
    • Motani, R.1    Minoura, N.2    Ando, T.3
  • 52
    • 0026282736 scopus 로고
    • Novelty in evolution: Restructuring the concept
    • Müller GB, Wagner GP. 1991. Novelty in evolution: restructuring the concept. Ann Rev Ecol Syst 22:229-256.
    • (1991) Ann Rev Ecol Syst , vol.22 , pp. 229-256
    • Müller, G.B.1    Wagner, G.P.2
  • 54
    • 0039029631 scopus 로고
    • Extremitätenskelett der Tetrapoden
    • Bolk L, Göppert E, Kallius E, Lubosch, W, editors. Berlin: Urban and Schwarzenberg
    • Nauck, ET. 1938. Extremitätenskelett der Tetrapoden. In Bolk L, Göppert E, Kallius E, Lubosch, W, editors. Handbuch der vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbelthiere, volume 5. Berlin: Urban and Schwarzenberg. p. 71-248.
    • (1938) Handbuch der Vergleichenden Anatomie der Wirbelthiere , vol.5 , pp. 71-248
    • Nauck, E.T.1
  • 55
    • 0024458798 scopus 로고
    • Pattern formation models and developmental constraints
    • Oster GF, Murray JD. 1989. Pattern formation models and developmental constraints. J Exp Zool 251:186-202.
    • (1989) J Exp Zool , vol.251 , pp. 186-202
    • Oster, G.F.1    Murray, J.D.2
  • 56
    • 0000312844 scopus 로고
    • Pterosaurs: Were they functional birds or functional bats?
    • Rayner JMV, Wooton RJ, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Padian, K. 1991. Pterosaurs: were they functional birds or functional bats? In: Rayner JMV, Wooton RJ, editors. Biomechanics in Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 145-160.
    • (1991) Biomechanics in Evolution , pp. 145-160
    • Padian, K.1
  • 57
    • 0033573296 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evolutionary origin of feathers
    • Prum RO. 1999. Development and evolutionary origin of feathers. J Exp Zool 285:291-306.
    • (1999) J Exp Zool , vol.285 , pp. 291-306
    • Prum, R.O.1
  • 59
    • 0026846785 scopus 로고
    • Direct-developing sea urchins and the evolutionary reorganization of early development
    • Raff RA. 1992. Direct-developing sea urchins and the evolutionary reorganization of early development. BioEssays 14:211-218.
    • (1992) BioEssays , vol.14 , pp. 211-218
    • Raff, R.A.1
  • 61
    • 0028987231 scopus 로고
    • Developmental constraints and patterns: Some pertinent distinctions
    • Resnik D. 1995. Developmental constraints and patterns: some pertinent distinctions. J Theor Biol 173:231-240.
    • (1995) J Theor Biol , vol.173 , pp. 231-240
    • Resnik, D.1
  • 62
    • 0036860590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time, pattern and heterochrony: A study of hyperphalangy in the dolphin embryo flipper
    • Richardson MK, Oelschläger, HA. 2002. Time, pattern and heterochrony: a study of hyperphalangy in the dolphin embryo flipper. Evol Dev 4:435-444.
    • (2002) Evol Dev , vol.4 , pp. 435-444
    • Richardson, M.K.1    Oelschläger, H.A.2
  • 63
    • 0041291431 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of underwater flight and the locomotion of plesiosaurs
    • Rayner JMV and Wooton RJ, editors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Riess J, Frey E. 1991. The evolution of underwater flight and the locomotion of plesiosaurs. In: Rayner JMV and Wooton RJ, editors. Biomechanics in Evolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 131-144.
    • (1991) Biomechanics in Evolution , pp. 131-144
    • Riess, J.1    Frey, E.2
  • 65
    • 0013444262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ichtyosauria: Their diversity, distribution and phylogeny
    • Sander PM. 2000. Ichtyosauria: their diversity, distribution and phylogeny. Paläontologische Zeitschrift 74: 1-35.
    • (2000) Paläontologische Zeitschrift , vol.74 , pp. 1-35
    • Sander, P.M.1
  • 66
    • 0031287151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A new pistosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Nevada and its implications for the origin of the plesiosaurs
    • Sander PM, Rieppel OC, Bucher H. 1997. A new pistosaurid (Reptilia: Sauropterygia) from the Middle Triassic of Nevada and its implications for the origin of the plesiosaurs. J Vert Paleontol 17:526-533.
    • (1997) J Vert Paleontol , vol.17 , pp. 526-533
    • Sander, P.M.1    Rieppel, O.C.2    Bucher, H.3
  • 67
    • 0040379702 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New perspectives on the role of constraints in evolution
    • Sarà M. 1999. New perspectives on the role of constraints in evolution. Riv di Biol 92:29-52.
    • (1999) Riv di Biol , vol.92 , pp. 29-52
    • Sarà, M.1
  • 69
    • 0000447175 scopus 로고
    • A utilitarian approach to evolutionary constraint
    • Schwenk K. 1995. A utilitarian approach to evolutionary constraint. Zoology 98:251-262.
    • (1995) Zoology , vol.98 , pp. 251-262
    • Schwenk, K.1
  • 70
    • 0031152764 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tests of turtle phylogeny: Molecular, morphological, and paleontological approaches
    • Shaffer HB, Meylan P, McKnight ML. 1997. Tests of turtle phylogeny: molecular, morphological, and paleontological approaches. Syst Biol 46:235-268.
    • (1997) Syst Biol , vol.46 , pp. 235-268
    • Shaffer, H.B.1    Meylan, P.2    McKnight, M.L.3
  • 71
    • 0001623448 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Morphological and taxonomic clarification of the genus Plesiosaurus
    • Callaway JM, Nicholls EL, editors. San Diego: Academic Press
    • Storrs GW. 1997. Morphological and taxonomic clarification of the genus Plesiosaurus. In: Callaway JM, Nicholls EL, editors. Ancient Marine Reptiles. San Diego: Academic Press. p 145-190.
    • (1997) Ancient Marine Reptiles , pp. 145-190
    • Storrs, G.W.1
  • 74
    • 0001931114 scopus 로고
    • Adaptations for flight in bats
    • Slaughter BH, Walton DW, editors. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press
    • Vaughan TA. 1970. Adaptations for flight in bats. In: Slaughter BH, Walton DW, editors. About bats, a Chiropteran Biology Symposium. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press. p 127-143.
    • (1970) About Bats, a Chiropteran Biology Symposium , pp. 127-143
    • Vaughan, T.A.1
  • 75
    • 0022272282 scopus 로고
    • Differences between upstroke and downstroke in swimming dolphins
    • Videler J, Kamermans P. 1985. Differences between upstroke and downstroke in swimming dolphins. J Exp Biol 119: 265-274.
    • (1985) J Exp Biol , vol.119 , pp. 265-274
    • Videler, J.1    Kamermans, P.2
  • 76
    • 0002672645 scopus 로고
    • The significance of developmental constraints for phenotypic evolution by natural selection
    • de Jong G, editor. Berlin: Springer Verlag
    • Wagner GP. 1988. The significance of developmental constraints for phenotypic evolution by natural selection. In: de Jong G, editor. Population Genetics and Evolution. Berlin: Springer Verlag. p 222-229.
    • (1988) Population Genetics and Evolution , pp. 222-229
    • Wagner, G.P.1
  • 77
    • 0029661332 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability
    • Wagner GP, Altenberg L. 1996. Complex adaptations and the evolution of evolvability. Evolution 50:967-976.
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 967-976
    • Wagner, G.P.1    Altenberg, L.2
  • 78
    • 84993632176 scopus 로고
    • How can a character be developmentally constrained despite variation in developmental pathways
    • Wagner GP, Misof BY. 1993. How can a character be developmentally constrained despite variation in developmental pathways. J Evol Biol 6:449-455.
    • (1993) J Evol Biol , vol.6 , pp. 449-455
    • Wagner, G.P.1    Misof, B.Y.2
  • 79
    • 0042831023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary innovations overcome ancestral constraints: A re-examination of character evolution in male sepsid flies (Diptera: Sepsidae)
    • Wagner GP, Muller GB. 2002. Evolutionary innovations overcome ancestral constraints: a re-examination of character evolution in male sepsid flies (Diptera: Sepsidae). Evol Dev 4:1-6.
    • (2002) Evol Dev , vol.4 , pp. 1-6
    • Wagner, G.P.1    Muller, G.B.2
  • 80
    • 0000868945 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionarily stable configurations: Functional integration and the evolution of phenotypic stability
    • Hecht MK, editor. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • Wagner GP, Schwenk K. 2000. Evolutionarily stable configurations: functional integration and the evolution of phenotypic stability. In: Hecht MK, editor. Evolutionary Biology, volume 31. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. p 155-217.
    • (2000) Evolutionary Biology , vol.31 , pp. 155-217
    • Wagner, G.P.1    Schwenk, K.2
  • 81
    • 0026273335 scopus 로고
    • Homoplasy: The result of natural selection or evidence of design limitations?
    • Wake DB. 1991. Homoplasy: the result of natural selection or evidence of design limitations? Am Nat 138:543-567.
    • (1991) Am Nat , vol.138 , pp. 543-567
    • Wake, D.B.1
  • 83
    • 0003361679 scopus 로고
    • The locomotor apparatus of testudines
    • Gans C, Parsons TS, editors. London: Academic Press
    • Walker WF. 1973. The locomotor apparatus of testudines. In: Gans C, Parsons TS, editors. Biology of the Reptilia. London: Academic Press. p 1-99.
    • (1973) Biology of the Reptilia , pp. 1-99
    • Walker, W.F.1
  • 84
    • 0002700490 scopus 로고
    • Post-cranial osteology of bats
    • Slaughter BH, Walton DW, editors. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press
    • Walton DW, Walton GM. 1970. Post-cranial osteology of bats. In: Slaughter BH, Walton DW, editors. About bats, a Chiropteran Biology Symposium. Dallas: Southern Methodist University Press. p 93-126.
    • (1970) About Bats, a Chiropteran Biology Symposium , pp. 93-126
    • Walton, D.W.1    Walton, G.M.2
  • 85
    • 0002865602 scopus 로고
    • Developmental selection of mutations
    • Whyte LL. 1960. Developmental selection of mutations. Science 132:954
    • (1960) Science , vol.132 , pp. 954
    • Whyte, L.L.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.