메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 193-203

Spinal cord injuries in children and adolescents: A review

Author keywords

Adolescence; Child; Paraplegia; Rehabilitation; Spinal cord injuries; Tetraplegia

Indexed keywords

ADRENALIN; BACLOFEN; CLONIDINE; DIAZEPAM; GABAPENTIN; INFUSION FLUID; LATEX; LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT HEPARIN; NIFEDIPINE; PAMIDRONIC ACID; PNEUMOCOCCUS VACCINE; PRAZOSIN; TERAZOSIN; TIZANIDINE;

EID: 0042836944     PISSN: 10790268     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2003.11753682     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (41)

References (119)
  • 2
    • 0033984812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Medical and rehabilitation issues in the care of children with spinal cord injury
    • Massagli TL. Medical and rehabilitation issues in the care of children with spinal cord injury. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am. 2000; 11:169-182.
    • (2000) Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am , vol.11 , pp. 169-182
    • Massagli, T.L.1
  • 5
    • 0032743668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent demographic and injury trends in people served by the model spinal cord injury care systems
    • Nobunaga AI, Go BK, Karunas RB. Recent demographic and injury trends in people served by the Model Spinal Cord Injury Care Systems. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1372-1382.
    • (1999) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.80 , pp. 1372-1382
    • Nobunaga, A.I.1    Go, B.K.2    Karunas, R.B.3
  • 6
    • 0023853245 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal trauma. Review of 122 cases of spinal cord and vertebral column injuries
    • Hadley MN, Zabramski JM, Browner CM, et al. Pediatric spinal trauma. Review of 122 cases of spinal cord and vertebral column injuries. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:18-24.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , pp. 18-24
    • Hadley, M.N.1    Zabramski, J.M.2    Browner, C.M.3
  • 7
    • 0026756222 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal injury: Review of 174 hospital admissions
    • Hamilton MG, Myles ST. Pediatric spinal injury: review of 174 hospital admissions. J Neurosurg. 1992;77:700-704.
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 700-704
    • Hamilton, M.G.1    Myles, S.T.2
  • 8
    • 0019224393 scopus 로고
    • Acute spinal-cord lesions in a pediatric population: Epidemiological and clinical features
    • Kewalramani LS, Kraus JF, Sterling HM. Acute spinal-cord lesions in a pediatric population: epidemiological and clinical features. Paraplegia. 1980;18:206-219.
    • (1980) Paraplegia , vol.18 , pp. 206-219
    • Kewalramani, L.S.1    Kraus, J.F.2    Sterling, H.M.3
  • 9
    • 0026770569 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal cord and vertebral column injury
    • Osenbach RK, Menezes AH. Pediatric spinal cord and vertebral column injury. Neurosurgery. 1992;30:385-390.
    • (1992) Neurosurgery , vol.30 , pp. 385-390
    • Osenbach, R.K.1    Menezes, A.H.2
  • 10
    • 0002030783 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology and demographics
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Vogel LC, DeVivo MJ. Etiology and demographics. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:3-12.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 3-12
    • Vogel, L.C.1    DeVivo, M.J.2
  • 11
    • 0023835078 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal injury: The very young
    • Ruge JR, Sinson GP, McLone DG, et al. Pediatric spinal injury: the very young. J Neurosurg. 1988;68:25-30.
    • (1988) J Neurosurg , vol.68 , pp. 25-30
    • Ruge, J.R.1    Sinson, G.P.2    McLone, D.G.3
  • 12
    • 0002045148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal cord injury issues: Etiology, demographics, and pathophysiology
    • Vogel LC, DeVivo MJ. Pediatric spinal cord injury issues: etiology, demographics, and pathophysiology. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 1997;3:1-8.
    • (1997) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.3 , pp. 1-8
    • Vogel, L.C.1    DeVivo, M.J.2
  • 13
    • 0031881157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fracture-dislocation of the lumbar spine in an abused child
    • Gabos PG, Tuten HR, Leet A, et al. Fracture-dislocation of the lumbar spine in an abused child. Pediatrics. 1998;101:473-477.
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.101 , pp. 473-477
    • Gabos, P.G.1    Tuten, H.R.2    Leet, A.3
  • 14
    • 0019310737 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord damage in a case of non-accidental injury in children
    • Gosnold JK, Sivaloganathan S. Spinal cord damage in a case of non-accidental injury in children. Med Sci Law. 1980;20:54-57.
    • (1980) Med Sci Law , vol.20 , pp. 54-57
    • Gosnold, J.K.1    Sivaloganathan, S.2
  • 16
    • 0029116944 scopus 로고
    • Isolated spinal cord injury as a presentation of child abuse
    • Piatt JH, Steinberg M. Isolated spinal cord injury as a presentation of child abuse. Pediatrics. 1995;96:780-782.
    • (1995) Pediatrics , vol.96 , pp. 780-782
    • Piatt, J.H.1    Steinberg, M.2
  • 17
    • 0031779916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Axonal injury and the neuropathology of shaken baby syndrome
    • Shannon P, Smith CR, Deck J, et al. Axonal injury and the neuropathology of shaken baby syndrome. Acta Neuropathol. 1998;95:625-631.
    • (1998) Acta Neuropathol , vol.95 , pp. 625-631
    • Shannon, P.1    Smith, C.R.2    Deck, J.3
  • 18
    • 0014478957 scopus 로고
    • Spine and spinal cord trauma in the battered child syndrome
    • Swischuk LE. Spine and spinal cord trauma in the battered child syndrome. Radiology. 1969;92:733-738.
    • (1969) Radiology , vol.92 , pp. 733-738
    • Swischuk, L.E.1
  • 19
    • 0041699587 scopus 로고
    • Clinical aspects of specific spinal injuries
    • Wilberger JE Jr, ed. Mount Kisco, NY: Futura Publishers
    • Wilberger JE Jr. Clinical aspects of specific spinal injuries. In: Wilberger JE Jr, ed. Spinal Cord Injuries in Children. Mount Kisco, NY: Futura Publishers; 1986:69-95.
    • (1986) Spinal Cord Injuries in Children , pp. 69-95
    • Wilberger J.E., Jr.1
  • 21
    • 0031686905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute transverse myelitis in childhood: Nine cases and review of the literature
    • Knebusch M, Strassburg HM, Reiners K. Acute transverse myelitis in childhood: nine cases and review of the literature. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1998;40:631-639.
    • (1998) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 631-639
    • Knebusch, M.1    Strassburg, H.M.2    Reiners, K.3
  • 22
    • 0021468926 scopus 로고
    • Atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome
    • American Academy of Pediatrics. Committee on Sports Medicine. Atlantoaxial instability in Down syndrome. Pediatrics. 1984;74: 152-154.
    • (1984) Pediatrics , vol.74 , pp. 152-154
  • 23
    • 0008165912 scopus 로고
    • Developmental abnormalities of the cervical spine
    • Weinstein SL, ed. New York: Raven Press
    • Loder RT, Hensinger RN. Developmental abnormalities of the cervical spine. In: Weinstein SL, ed. The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice. New York: Raven Press; 1994:397-420.
    • (1994) The Pediatric Spine: Principles and Practice , pp. 397-420
    • Loder, R.T.1    Hensinger, R.N.2
  • 24
    • 0025071844 scopus 로고
    • Instability of the upper cervical spine in Down syndrome
    • Tredwell SJ, Newman DE, Lockith G. Instability of the upper cervical spine in Down syndrome. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990;10: 602-606.
    • (1990) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.10 , pp. 602-606
    • Tredwell, S.J.1    Newman, D.E.2    Lockith, G.3
  • 25
    • 0041699586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanto-axial instability in children with Down syndrome
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Ward WT. Atlanto-axial instability in children with Down syndrome. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:89-96.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 89-96
    • Ward, W.T.1
  • 26
    • 0031231467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric lap belt injuries: Care and prevention
    • Shoemaker BL, Ose M. Pediatric lap belt injuries: care and prevention. Orthopaedic Nursing. 1997;16:15-23.
    • (1997) Orthopaedic Nursing , vol.16 , pp. 15-23
    • Shoemaker, B.L.1    Ose, M.2
  • 27
    • 0043202440 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lap belt injuries in children
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Apple DF, Murray HH. Lap belt injuries in children. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:169-177.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 169-177
    • Apple, D.F.1    Murray, H.H.2
  • 29
    • 0025359759 scopus 로고
    • The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric lumbar spine injuries caused by rear seat lap belts
    • Johnson DL, Falci S. The diagnosis and treatment of pediatric lumbar spine injuries caused by rear seat lap belts. Neurosurgery. 1990;26:434-441.
    • (1990) Neurosurgery , vol.26 , pp. 434-441
    • Johnson, D.L.1    Falci, S.2
  • 30
    • 0031754382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The spectrum of lap belt injuries sustained by two cousins in the same motor vehicle crash
    • Statter MB, Vargish T. The spectrum of lap belt injuries sustained by two cousins in the same motor vehicle crash. J Trauma. 1998; 45:835-837.
    • (1998) J Trauma , vol.45 , pp. 835-837
    • Statter, M.B.1    Vargish, T.2
  • 31
    • 0034711922 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Motor-vehicle occupant fatalities and restraint use among children aged 4-8 years-United States, 1994-1998
    • Centers for Disease Control. Motor-vehicle occupant fatalities and restraint use among children aged 4-8 years-United States, 1994-1998. MMWR. 2000;49:135-137.
    • (2000) MMWR , vol.49 , pp. 135-137
  • 32
    • 0038294655 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) in children
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Pang D. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA) in children. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:139-160.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 139-160
    • Pang, D.1
  • 33
    • 0024811445 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children
    • Osenbach RK, Menezes AH. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children. Pediatr Neurosci. 1989;15: 168-175.
    • (1989) Pediatr Neurosci , vol.15 , pp. 168-175
    • Osenbach, R.K.1    Menezes, A.H.2
  • 34
    • 0028919716 scopus 로고
    • Utility of MR imaging in pediatric spinal cord injury
    • Felsberg GJ, Tien RD, Osumi AK, et al. Utility of MR imaging in pediatric spinal cord injury. Pediatr Radiol. 1995;25:131-135.
    • (1995) Pediatr Radiol , vol.25 , pp. 131-135
    • Felsberg, G.J.1    Tien, R.D.2    Osumi, A.K.3
  • 35
    • 0028074439 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children
    • Grabb PA, Pang D. Magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality in children. Neurosurgery. 1994;35:406-413.
    • (1994) Neurosurgery , vol.35 , pp. 406-413
    • Grabb, P.A.1    Pang, D.2
  • 36
    • 0029144924 scopus 로고
    • Sequential MRI studies in patients with cervical cord injury but without bony injury
    • Shimada K, Tokioka T. Sequential MRI studies in patients with cervical cord injury but without bony injury. Paraplegia. 1995;33: 573-578.
    • (1995) Paraplegia , vol.33 , pp. 573-578
    • Shimada, K.1    Tokioka, T.2
  • 37
    • 0019967223 scopus 로고
    • Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children
    • Pang D, Wilberger JE. Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities in children. J Neurosurg. 1982;57:114-129.
    • (1982) J Neurosurg , vol.57 , pp. 114-129
    • Pang, D.1    Wilberger, J.E.2
  • 38
    • 0026002204 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities: Report of 26 cases and review of the literature
    • Dickman CA, Zambramski JM, Hadley MN, et al. Pediatric spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormalities: report of 26 cases and review of the literature. J Spinal Disord. 1991;4:296-305.
    • (1991) J Spinal Disord , vol.4 , pp. 296-305
    • Dickman, C.A.1    Zambramski, J.M.2    Hadley, M.N.3
  • 39
    • 0015307333 scopus 로고
    • Clean intermittent self-catheterization in the treatment of urinary tract disease
    • Lapides J, Diokno AC, Silber SJ, et al. Clean intermittent self-catheterization in the treatment of urinary tract disease. J Urol. 1972;107:458-461.
    • (1972) J Urol , vol.107 , pp. 458-461
    • Lapides, J.1    Diokno, A.C.2    Silber, S.J.3
  • 40
    • 0011814998 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Urologic issues in spinal cord injury: Assessment, management, outcome, and research needs
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Pontari MA, Bauer SB. Urologic issues in spinal cord injury: assessment, management, outcome, and research needs. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:213-231.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 213-231
    • Pontari, M.A.1    Bauer, S.B.2
  • 41
    • 0043202441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal cord injury issues: Medical issues
    • Vogel LC, Pontari M. Pediatric spinal cord injury issues: medical issues. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 1997;3:20-30.
    • (1997) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.3 , pp. 20-30
    • Vogel, L.C.1    Pontari, M.2
  • 42
    • 0032748376 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of childhood spinal cord injury on skeletal development: A retrospective study
    • Bergstrom EMK, Short DJ, Frankel HL, et al. The effect of childhood spinal cord injury on skeletal development: a retrospective study. Spinal Cord. 1999;37:838-846.
    • (1999) Spinal Cord , vol.37 , pp. 838-846
    • Bergstrom, E.M.K.1    Short, D.J.2    Frankel, H.L.3
  • 43
    • 0025267262 scopus 로고
    • Scoliosis in pediatric spinal cord-injured patients
    • Dearolf WW III, Betz RR, Vogel LC, et al. Scoliosis in pediatric spinal cord-injured patients. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990;10:214-218.
    • (1990) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.10 , pp. 214-218
    • Dearolf W.W. III1    Betz, R.R.2    Vogel, L.C.3
  • 44
    • 0019351597 scopus 로고
    • Paralytic spinal deformity following traumatic spinal-cord injury in children and adolescents
    • Lancourt JE, Dickson JH, Carter RE. Paralytic spinal deformity following traumatic spinal-cord injury in children and adolescents. J Bone Joint Surg. 1981;63A:47-53.
    • (1981) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.63 A , pp. 47-53
    • Lancourt, J.E.1    Dickson, J.H.2    Carter, R.E.3
  • 45
    • 0019792202 scopus 로고
    • Spine deformity subsequent to acquired childhood spinal cord injury
    • Mayfield JK, Erkkila JC, Winter RB. Spine deformity subsequent to acquired childhood spinal cord injury. J Bone Joint Surg. 1981; 63A:1401-1411.
    • (1981) J Bone Joint Surg , vol.63 A , pp. 1401-1411
    • Mayfield, J.K.1    Erkkila, J.C.2    Winter, R.B.3
  • 46
    • 0042200102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bracing for delaying the progression of scoliosis in the immature patient with spinal cord injury
    • abstract
    • Lieberman GS, Betz RR. Bracing for delaying the progression of scoliosis in the immature patient with spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 1998;21:193. (abstract)
    • (1998) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.21 , pp. 193
    • Lieberman, G.S.1    Betz, R.R.2
  • 48
    • 0038172108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orthopaedic problems in the child with spinal cord injury
    • Betz RR. Orthopaedic problems in the child with spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 1997;3:9-19.
    • (1997) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.3 , pp. 9-19
    • Betz, R.R.1
  • 49
    • 0001586285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hip joint instability
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Miller F, Betz RR. Hip joint instability. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:353-361.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 353-361
    • Miller, F.1    Betz, R.R.2
  • 50
    • 0025062684 scopus 로고
    • Hip instability in spinal cord injury patients
    • Rink P, Miller F. Hip instability in spinal cord injury patients. J Pediatr Orthop. 1990;10:583-587.
    • (1990) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.10 , pp. 583-587
    • Rink, P.1    Miller, F.2
  • 51
    • 0005770045 scopus 로고
    • Hip abnormalities in children with spinal cord injuries
    • abstract
    • Vogel LC, Gogia RS, Lubicky JP. Hip abnormalities in children with spinal cord injuries. J Spinal Cord Med. 1995;18:172. (abstract)
    • (1995) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.18 , pp. 172
    • Vogel, L.C.1    Gogia, R.S.2    Lubicky, J.P.3
  • 52
    • 0035095389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Implications of hip subluxation for FES-assisted mobility in patients with spinal cord injury
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, Smith BT, et al. Implications of hip subluxation for FES-assisted mobility in patients with spinal cord injury. Orthopedics. 2001;24(2):181-184.
    • (2001) Orthopedics , vol.24 , Issue.2 , pp. 181-184
    • Betz, R.R.1    Mulcahey, M.J.2    Smith, B.T.3
  • 54
    • 0001931368 scopus 로고
    • Pressure ulcers
    • Stover SL, DeLisa JA, Whiteneck GG, eds. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publications
    • Yarkony GM, Heinemann AW. Pressure ulcers. In: Stover SL, DeLisa JA, Whiteneck GG, eds. Spinal Cord Injury: Systems. Gaithersburg, Md: Aspen Publications; 1995:100-119.
    • (1995) Spinal Cord Injury: Systems , pp. 100-119
    • Yarkony, G.M.1    Heinemann, A.W.2
  • 55
    • 0042200104 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pressure ulcer prevention
    • Betz RR, MuIcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Bonner L. Pressure ulcer prevention. In: Betz RR, MuIcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:285-292.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 285-292
    • Bonner, L.1
  • 56
    • 0042701336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity: Diagnostic workup and medical management
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Vogel LC. Spasticity: diagnostic workup and medical management. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:261-268.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 261-268
    • Vogel, L.C.1
  • 57
    • 84975897297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity: Pathophysiology and objective assessments
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Alpiner NM. Spasticity: pathophysiology and objective assessments. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:233-253.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 233-253
    • Alpiner, N.M.1
  • 58
    • 0031810669 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Baclofen overdose: Drug experimentation in a group of adolescents
    • Perry HE, Wright RO, Shannon MW, et al. Baclofen overdose: drug experimentation in a group of adolescents. Pediatrics. 1998;101: 1045-1048.
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.101 , pp. 1045-1048
    • Perry, H.E.1    Wright, R.O.2    Shannon, M.W.3
  • 59
    • 0024731074 scopus 로고
    • Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the oral antispastic agent tizanidine in patients with spinal cord injury
    • Mathias CJ, Luckitt J, Desai P, et al. Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the oral antispastic agent tizanidine in patients with spinal cord injury. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1989;26:9-16.
    • (1989) J Rehabil Res Dev , vol.26 , pp. 9-16
    • Mathias, C.J.1    Luckitt, J.2    Desai, P.3
  • 60
    • 0041699584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spasticity: Surgical management
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Apple DF, Murray HH. Spasticity: surgical management. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:269-283.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 269-283
    • Apple, D.F.1    Murray, H.H.2
  • 61
    • 0027422311 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic application of botulinum toxin
    • Hambleton P. Therapeutic application of botulinum toxin. J Med Microbiol. 1993;39:243-245.
    • (1993) J Med Microbiol , vol.39 , pp. 243-245
    • Hambleton, P.1
  • 62
    • 0025857556 scopus 로고
    • Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin
    • Jankovic J, Brin MF. Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1186-1194.
    • (1991) N Engl J Med , vol.324 , pp. 1186-1194
    • Jankovic, J.1    Brin, M.F.2
  • 64
    • 0024381755 scopus 로고
    • Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity
    • Penn RD, Savoy SM, Corcos D, et al. Intrathecal baclofen for severe spinal spasticity. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:1517-1521.
    • (1989) N Engl J Med , vol.320 , pp. 1517-1521
    • Penn, R.D.1    Savoy, S.M.2    Corcos, D.3
  • 65
    • 0025000163 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: A double-blind study
    • Snow BJ, Tsui JKC, Bhatt MH, et al. Treatment of spasticity with botulinum toxin: a double-blind study. Ann Neurol. 1990;28: 512-515.
    • (1990) Ann Neurol , vol.28 , pp. 512-515
    • Snow, B.J.1    Tsui, J.K.C.2    Bhatt, M.H.3
  • 66
    • 0031182040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia: Adults with spinal cord injury presenting to health-care facilities
    • Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia: adults with spinal cord injury presenting to health-care facilities. J Spinal Cord Med. 1997;20:284-309.
    • (1997) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.20 , pp. 284-309
  • 67
    • 0036491879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia: Individuals with spinal cord injury presenting to health-care facilities
    • 2nd Ed.
    • Consortium for Spinal Cord Medicine. Acute management of autonomic dysreflexia: individuals with spinal cord injury presenting to health-care facilities. 2nd ed. J Spinal Cord Med. 2002;25:S67-S88.
    • (2002) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.25
  • 68
    • 0029800129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: A working group report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program
    • National High Blood Pressure Education Program Working Group on Hypertension Control in Children and Adolescents. Update on the 1987 Task Force Report on High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents: a working group report from the National High Blood Pressure Education Program. Pediatrics. 1996;98:649-658.
    • (1996) Pediatrics , vol.98 , pp. 649-658
  • 69
    • 0022620316 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization hypercalcemia following spinal cord injury
    • Maynard FM. Immobilization hypercalcemia following spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1986;67:41-44.
    • (1986) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.67 , pp. 41-44
    • Maynard, F.M.1
  • 70
    • 0038792779 scopus 로고
    • Hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia in young patients with spinal cord injury
    • abstract
    • Nand S, Goldschmidt JW. Hypercalcemia and hyperuricemia in young patients with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1976;57:553. (abstract)
    • (1976) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.57 , pp. 553
    • Nand, S.1    Goldschmidt, J.W.2
  • 71
    • 0018225797 scopus 로고
    • Hypercalcemia in adolescent tetraplegia patients: Case report and review
    • Steinberg FU, Birge SJ, Cooke NE. Hypercalcemia in adolescent tetraplegia patients: case report and review. Paraplegia. 1978; 16:60-67.
    • (1978) Paraplegia , vol.16 , pp. 60-67
    • Steinberg, F.U.1    Birge, S.J.2    Cooke, N.E.3
  • 72
    • 0018075822 scopus 로고
    • Hypercalcemia in children with spinal cord injury
    • Tori JA, Hill LL. Hypercalcemia in children with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1978;59:443-447.
    • (1978) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.59 , pp. 443-447
    • Tori, J.A.1    Hill, L.L.2
  • 73
    • 0025015522 scopus 로고
    • Immobilization-related hypercalcaemia-a possible novel mechanism and response to pamidronate
    • Gallacher SJ, Ralston SH, Dryburgh FJ, et al. Immobilization-related hypercalcaemia-a possible novel mechanism and response to pamidronate. Postgrad Med J. 1990;66:918-922.
    • (1990) Postgrad Med J , vol.66 , pp. 918-922
    • Gallacher, S.J.1    Ralston, S.H.2    Dryburgh, F.J.3
  • 74
    • 0031930512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immobilization hypercalcemia in incomplete paraplegia: Successful treatment with pamidronate
    • Kedlaya D, Branstater ME, Lee JK. Immobilization hypercalcemia in incomplete paraplegia: successful treatment with pamidronate. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1998;79:222-225.
    • (1998) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.79 , pp. 222-225
    • Kedlaya, D.1    Branstater, M.E.2    Lee, J.K.3
  • 75
    • 0031710019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bisphosphonates for treatment of childhood hypercalcemia
    • Lteif AN, Zimmerman D. Bisphosphonates for treatment of childhood hypercalcemia. Pediatrics. 1998;102:990-993.
    • (1998) Pediatrics , vol.102 , pp. 990-993
    • Lteif, A.N.1    Zimmerman, D.2
  • 76
    • 0028893860 scopus 로고
    • Intravenous pamidronate sodium therapy in immobilization-related hypercalcemia
    • Tamion F, Bonmarchand F, Girault C, et al. Intravenous pamidronate sodium therapy in immobilization-related hypercalcemia. Clin Nephrol. 1995;43:138-139.
    • (1995) Clin Nephrol , vol.43 , pp. 138-139
    • Tamion, F.1    Bonmarchand, F.2    Girault, C.3
  • 77
    • 0029922855 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current perspectives on latex allergy
    • Landwehr LP, Boguniewicz M. Current perspectives on latex allergy. J Pediatr. 1996;128:305-312.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.128 , pp. 305-312
    • Landwehr, L.P.1    Boguniewicz, M.2
  • 78
    • 0029021097 scopus 로고
    • Latex allergy in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries
    • Vogel LC, Schrader T, Lubicky JP. Latex allergy in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15: 517-520.
    • (1995) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.15 , pp. 517-520
    • Vogel, L.C.1    Schrader, T.2    Lubicky, J.P.3
  • 79
    • 0034154276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Latex allergy in adults with spinal cord injury: A pilot investigation
    • Monasterio EA, Barber DB, Rogers SJ, et al. Latex allergy in adults with spinal cord injury: a pilot investigation. J Spinal Cord Med. 2000;23:6-9.
    • (2000) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.23 , pp. 6-9
    • Monasterio, E.A.1    Barber, D.B.2    Rogers, S.J.3
  • 80
    • 0027248963 scopus 로고
    • Association of latex and food allergy
    • Fisher AA. Association of latex and food allergy. Cutis. 1993;52: 70-71.
    • (1993) Cutis , vol.52 , pp. 70-71
    • Fisher, A.A.1
  • 81
    • 0032699457 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury
    • DeVivo MJ, Krause JS, Lammertse DP. Recent trends in mortality and causes of death among persons with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1411-1419.
    • (1999) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.80 , pp. 1411-1419
    • DeVivo, M.J.1    Krause, J.S.2    Lammertse, D.P.3
  • 82
    • 0028331746 scopus 로고
    • Incidence of respiratory complications following spinal cord injury
    • Jackson AB, Groomes TE. Incidence of respiratory complications following spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75: 270-275.
    • (1994) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.75 , pp. 270-275
    • Jackson, A.B.1    Groomes, T.E.2
  • 84
    • 0032743904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term medical complications after traumatic spinal cord injury: A regional model systems analysis
    • McKinley WO, Jackson AB, Cardena D, et al. Long-term medical complications after traumatic spinal cord injury: a regional model systems analysis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1999;80:1402-1410.
    • (1999) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.80 , pp. 1402-1410
    • McKinley, W.O.1    Jackson, A.B.2    Cardena, D.3
  • 85
    • 0021922077 scopus 로고
    • Outcome of home mechanical ventilation in children
    • Frates RC, Splaingard ML, Smith EO, et al. Outcome of home mechanical ventilation in children. J Pediatr. 1985;106:850-856.
    • (1985) J Pediatr , vol.106 , pp. 850-856
    • Frates, R.C.1    Splaingard, M.L.2    Smith, E.O.3
  • 86
    • 0043202439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ventilatory support: Preparing for discharge
    • Nelson VS, Lewis CC. Ventilatory support: preparing for discharge. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2000;6(Suppl):16-24.
    • (2000) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 16-24
    • Nelson, V.S.1    Lewis, C.C.2
  • 87
    • 0025372802 scopus 로고
    • Phrenic nerve pacing in quadriplegia
    • Phrenic nerve pacing in quadriplegia [editorial]. Lancet. 1990; 336:88-90.
    • (1990) Lancet , vol.336 , pp. 88-90
  • 89
    • 0027242362 scopus 로고
    • Inappropriate weaning and late-onset ventilatory failure of individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury
    • Bach JR. Inappropriate weaning and late-onset ventilatory failure of individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury. Paraplegia. 1993; 31:430-438.
    • (1993) Paraplegia , vol.31 , pp. 430-438
    • Bach, J.R.1
  • 90
    • 0025080062 scopus 로고
    • Obstructive disordered breathing during sleep in patients with spinal cord injury
    • Bonekat HW, Andersen G, Squires J. Obstructive disordered breathing during sleep in patients with spinal cord injury. Paraplegia. 1990;28:392-398.
    • (1990) Paraplegia , vol.28 , pp. 392-398
    • Bonekat, H.W.1    Andersen, G.2    Squires, J.3
  • 92
    • 0028260169 scopus 로고
    • Deep vein thrombosis in the disabled pediatric population
    • Radecki RT, Gaebler-Spira D. Deep vein thrombosis in the disabled pediatric population. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1994;75: 248-250.
    • (1994) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.75 , pp. 248-250
    • Radecki, R.T.1    Gaebler-Spira, D.2
  • 93
    • 0026057390 scopus 로고
    • Acute spinal cord injuries and the incidence of clinically occurring thromboembolic disease
    • Waring WP, Karunas RS. Acute spinal cord injuries and the incidence of clinically occurring thromboembolic disease. Paraplegia. 1991;29:8-16.
    • (1991) Paraplegia , vol.29 , pp. 8-16
    • Waring, W.P.1    Karunas, R.S.2
  • 94
    • 0035756084 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lower extremity compartment syndrome in an adolescent with a spinal cord injury
    • Vogel LC, Lubicky JP. Lower extremity compartment syndrome in an adolescent with a spinal cord injury. J Spinal Cord Med. 2001; 24:278-283
    • (2001) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.24 , pp. 278-283
    • Vogel, L.C.1    Lubicky, J.P.2
  • 95
    • 0029929402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-molecular-weight heparin in pediatric patients with thrombotic disease: A dose finding study
    • Massicotte P, Adams M, Marzinotto V, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparin in pediatric patients with thrombotic disease: a dose finding study. J Pediatr. 1996;128:313-318.
    • (1996) J Pediatr , vol.128 , pp. 313-318
    • Massicotte, P.1    Adams, M.2    Marzinotto, V.3
  • 96
    • 0033940584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The use of low molecular weight heparin in pediatric patients: A prospective cohort study
    • Dix D, Andrew M, Marzinotti V, et al. The use of low molecular weight heparin in pediatric patients: a prospective cohort study. J Pediatr. 2000;136:439-445.
    • (2000) J Pediatr , vol.136 , pp. 439-445
    • Dix, D.1    Andrew, M.2    Marzinotti, V.3
  • 97
    • 0030630330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique management needs of pediatric spinal cord injury patients: Psychosocial issues
    • Anderson CJ. Unique management needs of pediatric spinal cord injury patients: psychosocial issues. J Spinal Cord Med. 1997;20: 21-24.
    • (1997) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.20 , pp. 21-24
    • Anderson, C.J.1
  • 98
    • 0012351051 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychosocial and sexuality issues in pediatric spinal cord injury
    • Anderson CJ. Psychosocial and sexuality issues in pediatric spinal cord injury. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 1997;3:70-78.
    • (1997) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.3 , pp. 70-78
    • Anderson, C.J.1
  • 99
    • 0031966738 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal cord injury: Transition to adulthood
    • Anderson CJ, Johnson KA, Klaas SJ, et al. Pediatric spinal cord injury: transition to adulthood. J Voc Rehabil. 1998;10:103-113.
    • (1998) J Voc Rehabil , vol.10 , pp. 103-113
    • Anderson, C.J.1    Johnson, K.A.2    Klaas, S.J.3
  • 100
    • 0041699590 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preparation for employment in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries
    • Anderson CJ, Vogel LC. Preparation for employment in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 2000;6(Suppl):170-175.
    • (2000) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.6 , Issue.SUPPL. , pp. 170-175
    • Anderson, C.J.1    Vogel, L.C.2
  • 101
    • 0042200100 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substance use and abuse
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Callen L. Substance use and abuse. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:671-677.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 671-677
    • Callen, L.1
  • 102
    • 0041699588 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexuality
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Yarkony GM, Anderson CJ. Sexuality. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:625-637.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 625-637
    • Yarkony, G.M.1    Anderson, C.J.2
  • 103
    • 0021299011 scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation of pediatric spinal cord injury: The Newington Children's Hospital experience
    • Banta JV. Rehabilitation of pediatric spinal cord injury: The Newington Children's Hospital experience. Conn Med. 1984;48: 14-18.
    • (1984) Conn Med , vol.48 , pp. 14-18
    • Banta, J.V.1
  • 104
    • 0026521599 scopus 로고
    • The rehabilitation of children with spinal cord injury
    • Flett PJ. The rehabilitation of children with spinal cord injury. J Paediatr Child Health. 1992;28:141-146.
    • (1992) J Paediatr Child Health , vol.28 , pp. 141-146
    • Flett, P.J.1
  • 105
    • 0030632844 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unique management needs of pediatric spinal cord injury patients: Rehabilitation
    • Mulcahey MJ. Unique management needs of pediatric spinal cord injury patients: rehabilitation. J Spinal Cord Med. 1997;20:25-30.
    • (1997) J Spinal Cord Med , vol.20 , pp. 25-30
    • Mulcahey, M.J.1
  • 106
    • 0042701335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Considerations in the rehabilitation of children with spinal cord injuries
    • Mulcahey MJ, Betz RR. Considerations in the rehabilitation of children with spinal cord injuries. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 1997;3:31-36.
    • (1997) Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil , vol.3 , pp. 31-36
    • Mulcahey, M.J.1    Betz, R.R.2
  • 107
    • 0042200099 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Introduction to pediatric rehabilitation
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Nelson MR, Tilbor AG, Frieden L, et al. Introduction to pediatric rehabilitation. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:461-470.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 461-470
    • Nelson, M.R.1    Tilbor, A.G.2    Frieden, L.3
  • 108
    • 0019458604 scopus 로고
    • Developmental considerations in children and early adolescents with spinal cord injury
    • Zager RP, Marquette CH. Developmental considerations in children and early adolescents with spinal cord injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1981;62:427-431.
    • (1981) Arch Phys Med Rehabil , vol.62 , pp. 427-431
    • Zager, R.P.1    Marquette, C.H.2
  • 109
    • 0042200101 scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured: A family approach
    • Bray GP. Rehabilitation of the spinal cord injured: a family approach. J Appl Rehabil Counseling. 1978;9:70-78.
    • (1978) J Appl Rehabil Counseling , vol.9 , pp. 70-78
    • Bray, G.P.1
  • 110
    • 0042701334 scopus 로고
    • Facilitation of parent/professional collaboration at all levels of health care
    • Rockville, Md.: American Occupational Therapy Association
    • Shelton T, Jeppson E, Johnson B. Facilitation of parent/professional collaboration at all levels of health care. In: Family Centered Care. An Early Intervention Resource Manual. Rockville, Md.: American Occupational Therapy Association; 1989:2:3-8.
    • (1989) Family Centered Care. An Early Intervention Resource Manual , vol.2 , pp. 3-8
    • Shelton, T.1    Jeppson, E.2    Johnson, B.3
  • 111
    • 0026885975 scopus 로고
    • Rehabilitation following childhood injury
    • Jaffe KM, McDonald CM. Rehabilitation following childhood injury. Pediatr Ann. 1992;21:438-447.
    • (1992) Pediatr Ann , vol.21 , pp. 438-447
    • Jaffe, K.M.1    McDonald, C.M.2
  • 112
    • 0029079552 scopus 로고
    • Ambulation in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries
    • Vogel LC, Lubicky JP. Ambulation in children and adolescents with spinal cord injuries. J Pediatr Orthop. 1995;15:510-516.
    • (1995) J Pediatr Orthop , vol.15 , pp. 510-516
    • Vogel, L.C.1    Lubicky, J.P.2
  • 114
    • 0029590764 scopus 로고
    • Ambulation with parapodia and reciprocating gait orthoses in pediatric spinal cord injury
    • Vogel LC, Lubicky JP. Ambulation with parapodia and reciprocating gait orthoses in pediatric spinal cord injury. Dev Med Child Neurol. 1995;37:957-964.
    • (1995) Dev Med Child Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 957-964
    • Vogel, L.C.1    Lubicky, J.P.2
  • 115
    • 0043202438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term prophylactic medical care
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Vogel LC. Long-term prophylactic medical care. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:679-688.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 679-688
    • Vogel, L.C.1
  • 117
    • 0025126451 scopus 로고
    • Pediatric spinal cord injury: Treatment and outcome
    • Massagli TL, Jaffe KM. Pediatric spinal cord injury: treatment and outcome. Pediatrician. 1990;17:244-254.
    • (1990) Pediatrician , vol.17 , pp. 244-254
    • Massagli, T.L.1    Jaffe, K.M.2
  • 118
    • 0024423572 scopus 로고
    • Primary care after spinal cord injury: What every physician should know
    • Tepperman PS. Primary care after spinal cord injury: what every physician should know. Postgrad Med. 1989;86:211-218.
    • (1989) Postgrad Med , vol.86 , pp. 211-218
    • Tepperman, P.S.1
  • 119
    • 0041699589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevention of spinal cord injury in children
    • Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons
    • Perrin JCS, Johnstone KS. Prevention of spinal cord injury in children. In: Betz RR, Mulcahey MJ, eds. The Child With a Spinal Cord Injury. Rosemont, III: American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons; 1996:13-21.
    • (1996) The Child with a Spinal Cord Injury , pp. 13-21
    • Perrin, J.C.S.1    Johnstone, K.S.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.