The paradoxical effects of suppressing anxious thoughts during imminent threat

Behaviour Research and Therapy

Volumn 41, Issue 9, 2003, Pages 1113-1120

  Koster, Ernst H W ^a   Rassin, Eric ^b   Crombez, Geert ^a   Näring, Gérard W B ^c  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

^b ERASMUS UNIVERSITY ROTTERDAM   (Netherlands)

^c RADBOUD UNIVERSITY NIJMEGEN   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Anticipatory anxiety; Anxious mood; Thought suppression; Threat

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ANTICIPATION; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; COGNITION; CONTROLLED STUDY; ELECTROSTIMULATION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MOOD DISORDER; NOCICEPTIVE STIMULATION; NORMAL HUMAN; SELF REPORT; THEORY; THINKING; THREAT;

EID: 0042622313     PISSN: 00057967     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0005-7967(03)00144-X     Document Type: Article

References (23)

1. Abramowitz J.S., Tolin D., Street G.P. Paradoxical effects of thought suppression: a meta-analysis of controlled studies. Clinical Psychology Review. 21:2001;683-703.
2. Beck A.T., Emery G., Greenberg R.C. Anxiety disorders and phobias: a cognitive perspective. 1985;Basic Books, New York.
3. Blaney P.H. Affect and memory: a review. Psychological Bulletin. 99:1986;229-246.
4. Crombez G., Vervaet L., Lysens R., Baeyens F., Eelen P. Avoidance and confrontation of painful, back straining movements in chronic back pain patients. Behavior Modification. 22:1998;62-77.
5. Crombez G., Vlaeyen J.W.S., Heuts P.H.T.G., Lysens R. Pain-related fear is more disabling than pain itself: evidence on the role of pain-related fear in chronic back pain disability. Pain. 80:1999;329-339.
6. Ehlers A., Clark D.M. A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 38:2000;319-345.
7. Gaskell S.L., Wells A., Calam R. An experimental investigation of thought suppression and anxiety in children. British Journal of Clinical Psychology. 40:2001;45-56.
8. Gross J.A. Emotion regulation: affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology. 39:2002;281-291.
9. Howell A., Conway M. Mood and the suppression of positive and negative self-referent thoughts. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 16:1992;535-555.
10. Lavy E.H., van den Hout M. Thought suppression induces intrusions. Behavioural Psychotherapy. 18:1990;251-258.
11. Lavy E.H., van den Hout M. Cognitive avoidance and attentional bias: causal relationships. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 18:1994;179-191.
12. Purdon C. Thought suppression and psychopathology. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 37:1999;1029-1054.
13. Purdon C., Clark D.A. Suppression of obsession-like thoughts in nonclinical individuals: impact on thought frequency, appraisal and mood state. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 39:2001;1163-1181.
14. Rassin E., Merckelbach H., Muris P. Paradoxal and less paradoxal effects of thought suppression: a critical review. Clinical Psychology Review. 20:2000;973-995.
15. Roemer L., Borkovec T.D. Effects of suppressing thoughts about emotional material. Journal of Abnormal Psychology. 103:1994;467-474.
16. Salkovskis P.M. Understanding and treating obsessive-compulsive disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 37:(Suppl. 1):1999;S29-S52.
17. Spinhoven P., Van der Does W.A.J. Thought suppression, dissociation and psychopathology. Personality and Individual Differences. 27:1999;877-886.
18. Sullivan M.J.L., Rouse D., Bishop S., Johnston S. Thought suppression, catastrophizing, and pain. Cognitive Therapy and Research. 21:1997;555-568.
19. Wegner D.M. Ironic processes of mental control. Psychological Review. 101:1994;34-52.
20. Wegner D.M., Broome A., Blumberg S.J. Ironic effects of trying to relax under stress. Behaviour Research and Therapy. 35:1997;11-21.
21. Wegner D.M., Schneider D.J., Carter S., White T. Paradoxical effects of thought suppression. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 53:1987;5-13.
22. Wells A. Emotional disorders and metacognition: Innovative cognitive therapy. 2000;Wiley, Chichester, UK.
23. Wenzlaff R.M., Wegner D.M., Klein S.B. The role of thought suppression in the bonding of thought and mood. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 60:1991;500-508.