Quantifying minor irritancy to the human corneal surface

Journal of Toxicology - Cutaneous and Ocular Toxicology

Volumn 22, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 147-155

  Guo, Ying ^a   Renner, Debra ^a   Begley, Carolyn ^a   Wilson, Graeme ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Cell ghosts; Contact lens cytology; Corneal epithelium; Corneal irritancy; Ocular toxicity; Terminal differentiation

Indexed keywords

ACRIDINE ORANGE; BENZALKONIUM;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CELL COUNT; CELL NUCLEUS; CELL STRUCTURE; CONTACT LENS; CONTROLLED STUDY; CORNEA EPITHELIUM; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CYTOLOGY; EXPOSURE; EYE IRRITATION; FLUORESCENCE; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; NORMAL HUMAN; QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS; RANDOMIZATION; STAINING; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE;

EID: 0042564520     PISSN: 07313829     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/CUS-120022755     Document Type: Article

References (28)

1. Draize J, Woodard G, Calvery H. Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances applied topically to the skin and mucous membranes. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1944; 82:377-390.
2. Wilhelmus KR. The Draize eye test. Surv Ophthalmol 2001; 45(6):493-515.
3. Thoft RA, Friend J. The X, Y, Z hypothesis of corneal epithelial maintenance. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1983; 24(10):1442-1443.
4. Wilson G. The effect of hypoxia on the shedding rate of the corneal epithelium. Curr Eye Res 1994; 13(6):409-413.
5. Wilson G. The effect of osmolality on the shedding rate of the corneal epithelium. Cornea 1996; 15(3):240-244.
6. Wilson G, Fullard RJ. Cell sloughing with proparacaine. J Am Optom Assoc 1988; 59(9):701-702.
7. Jester JV, Petroll WM, Bean J, Parker RD, Carr GJ, Cavanagh HD, Maurer JK. Area and depth of surfactant-induced corneal injury predicts extent of subsequent ocular responses. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1998; 39(13):2610-2625.
8. Walberg J. Exfoliative cytology as a refinement of the Draize eye irritancy test. Toxicol Lett 1983; 18(1-2):49-55.
9. Laurent J, Wilson G. Size of cells collected from normal human subjects using contact lens cytology. Optom Vis Sci 1997; 74(5):280-287.
10. Latt SA, Stetten G. Spectral studies on 33258 Hoechst and related bisbenzimidazole dyes useful for fluorescent detection of deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis. J Histochem Cytochem 1976; 24(1):24-33.
11. Tonjum AM. Permeability of rabbit corneal epithelium to horseradish peroxidase after the influence of benzalkonium chloride. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1975; 53(3):335-347.
12. Green K, Tonjum A. Influence of various agents on corneal permeability. Am J Ophthalmol 1971; 72(5):897-905.
13. Lopez Bernal D, Ubels JL. Quantitative evaluation of the corneal epithelial barrier: effect of artificial tears and preservatives. Curr Eye Res 1991; 10(7):645-656.
14. Tonjum AM. Effects of benzalkonium chloride upon the corneal epithelium studied with scanning electron microscopy. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh) 1975; 53(3):358-366.
15. Pfister RR, Burstein N. The effects of ophthalmic drugs, vehicles, and preservatives on corneal epithelium: a scanning electron microscope study. Investig Ophthalmol 1976; 15(4):246-259.
16. Chang SW, Chi RF, Wu CC, Su MJ. Benzalkonium chloride and gentamicin cause a leak in corneal epithelial cell membrane. Exp Eye Res 2000; 71(1):3-10.
17. Geerling G, Daniels JT, Dart JK, Cree IA, Khaw PT. Toxicity of natural tear substitutes in a fully defined culture model of human corneal epithelial cells. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42(5):948-956.
18. Doughty MJ. Acute effects of chlorobutanol- or benzalkonium chloride-containing artificial tears on the surface features of rabbit corneal epithelial cells. Optom Vis Sci 1994; 71(9):562-572.
19. Ichijima H, Petroll WM, Jester JV, Cavanagh HD. Confocal microscopic studies of living rabbit cornea treated with benzalkonium chloride. Cornea 1992; 11(3):221-225. [erratum appears in Cornea 1992 Jul; 11(4):368].
20. Estil S, Primo EJ, Wilson G. Apoptosis in shed human corneal cells. Investig Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41(11):3360-3364.
21. Al-Oliky S, Begley C, Lowther G, Wilson G. Cells collected from the corneal suface in Sjogren's syndrome, dry eye and normals. Lacrimal gland, tear film, and dry eye syndromes 3: Basic science and clinical reverence; Kluwer Academic/Plenum: New York, 2002; 506:925-928.
22. Ren H, Wilson G. The effect of a shear force on the cell shedding rate of the corneal epithelium. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 1997; 75(4):383-387.
23. Mathers WD, Lemp MA. Morphology and movement of corneal surface cells in humans. Curr Eye Res 1992; 11(6):517-523.
24. Lemp MA, Mathers WD. Corneal epithelial cell movement in humans. Eye 1989; 3(Pt 4):438-445.
25. Sun T-T, Green H. Cultural epithelial cells of cornea, conjunctiva and skin: absence of marked intrinsic divergence of their differentiated states. Nature 1977; 269:489-493.
26. Alison MR, Sarraf CE. Apoptosis: a gene-directed programme of cell death. J R Coll Physicians Lond 1992; 26(1):25-35.
27. Haake AR, Polakowska RR. Cell death by apoptosis in epidermal biology. J Investig Dermatol 1993; 101(2):107-112.
28. Eckhart L, Declercq W, Ban J, Rendl M, Lengauer B, Mayer C, Lippens S, Vandenabeele P, Tschachler E. Terminal differentiation of human keratinocytes and stratum corneum formation is associated with caspase-14 activation. J Investig Dermatol 2000; 115(6):1148-1151.