메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 181, Issue 1-2, 2003, Pages 13-21

Browsing and grazing ruminants: Are they different beasts?

Author keywords

Browser; Diet; Digestion; Functional response; Grazer; Ruminants

Indexed keywords

NUTRITION; PHYSIOLOGY; VEGETATION;

EID: 0042405074     PISSN: 03781127     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0378-1127(03)00124-5     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (87)

References (78)
  • 1
    • 0035116743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scale-dependent habitat selection by mountain caribou, Columbia Mountains, British Columbia
    • Apps, C.D., McLellan, B.N., Kinley, T.A., Flaa, J.P., 2001. Scale-dependent habitat selection by mountain caribou, Columbia Mountains, British Columbia. J. Wild. Manage. 65, 65-77.
    • (2001) J. Wild. Manage. , vol.65 , pp. 65-77
    • Apps, C.D.1    McLellan, B.N.2    Kinley, T.A.3    Flaa, J.P.4
  • 2
    • 0036260930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Form and function of the selenodont molar in southern African ruminants in relation to feeding habits
    • Archer, D., Sanson, G., 2002. Form and function of the selenodont molar in southern African ruminants in relation to feeding habits. J. Zool. 257, 13-26.
    • (2002) J. Zool. , vol.257 , pp. 13-26
    • Archer, D.1    Sanson, G.2
  • 5
    • 0025248940 scopus 로고
    • Partial prey consumption by browsers: Trees as patches
    • Åström, M., Lundberg, P., Danell, K., 1990. Partial prey consumption by browsers: trees as patches. J. Anim. Ecol. 59, 287-300.
    • (1990) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.59 , pp. 287-300
    • Åström, M.1    Lundberg, P.2    Danell, K.3
  • 6
    • 3543065896 scopus 로고
    • Tannin-binding proteins in saliva of deer and their absence in saliva of sheep and deer
    • Austin, P.J., Suchar, L.A., Robbins, C.T., Hagerman, A.E., 1989. Tannin-binding proteins in saliva of deer and their absence in saliva of sheep and deer. J. Chem. Ecol. 15, 1335-1347.
    • (1989) J. Chem. Ecol. , vol.15 , pp. 1335-1347
    • Austin, P.J.1    Suchar, L.A.2    Robbins, C.T.3    Hagerman, A.E.4
  • 7
    • 84986776480 scopus 로고
    • Morphological characteristics of the masseter muscle of 22 ruminant species
    • Axmacher, H., Hofmann, R.R., 1988. Morphological characteristics of the masseter muscle of 22 ruminant species. J. Zool. 215, 463-473.
    • (1988) J. Zool. , vol.215 , pp. 463-473
    • Axmacher, H.1    Hofmann, R.R.2
  • 8
    • 0034031816 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of tissue complexity and sward height on the functional response of Wood Bison
    • Bergman, C.M., Fryxell, J.M., Gates, C.G., 2000. The effect of tissue complexity and sward height on the functional response of Wood Bison. Funct. Ecol. 14, 61-69.
    • (2000) Funct. Ecol. , vol.14 , pp. 61-69
    • Bergman, C.M.1    Fryxell, J.M.2    Gates, C.G.3
  • 9
    • 0025257774 scopus 로고
    • Ungulate frugivores and the browser-grazer continuum
    • Bodmer, R.E., 1990. Ungulate frugivores and the browser-grazer continuum. Oikos 57, 319-325.
    • (1990) Oikos , vol.57 , pp. 319-325
    • Bodmer, R.E.1
  • 10
    • 0035175384 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differences in selective reticulo-ruminal particle retention as a key factor in ruminant diversification
    • Clauss, M., Lechner-Doll, M., 2001. Differences in selective reticulo-ruminal particle retention as a key factor in ruminant diversification. Oecologia 129, 321-327.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.129 , pp. 321-327
    • Clauss, M.1    Lechner-Doll, M.2
  • 11
    • 0036938116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: An approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end
    • Clauss, M., Lechner-Doll, M., Streich, W.J., 2002. Faecal particle size distribution in captive wild ruminants: an approach to the browser/grazer dichotomy from the other end. Oecologia 131, 343-349.
    • (2002) Oecologia , vol.131 , pp. 343-349
    • Clauss, M.1    Lechner-Doll, M.2    Streich, W.J.3
  • 12
    • 0022835027 scopus 로고
    • Effects of plant spinescence on large mammalian herbivores
    • Cooper, S.M., Owen-Smith, N., 1986. Effects of plant spinescence on large mammalian herbivores. Oecologia 68, 446-455.
    • (1986) Oecologia , vol.68 , pp. 446-455
    • Cooper, S.M.1    Owen-Smith, N.2
  • 13
    • 0026311922 scopus 로고
    • Herbivory and tree stand composition: Moose patch use in winter
    • Danell, K., Edenius, L., Lundberg, P., 1991. Herbivory and tree stand composition: moose patch use in winter. Ecology 72, 1350-1357.
    • (1991) Ecology , vol.72 , pp. 1350-1357
    • Danell, K.1    Edenius, L.2    Lundberg, P.3
  • 14
    • 0002962905 scopus 로고
    • Browsers and grazers: Constraints on feeding ecology imposed by gut morphology and body size
    • Santana, O.P., da Silva, A.G., Foote, W.C. (Eds.). Departamento de Difusao de Tecnologia, Brazilia
    • Demment, M.W., Longhurst, W.H., 1987. Browsers and grazers: constraints on feeding ecology imposed by gut morphology and body size. In: Santana, O.P., da Silva, A.G., Foote, W.C. (Eds.). Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Goats. Departamento de Difusao de Tecnologia, Brazilia, pp. 989-1004.
    • (1987) Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Goats , pp. 989-1004
    • Demment, M.W.1    Longhurst, W.H.2
  • 15
    • 0033788050 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A decade since "diversification of ruminants": Has our knowledge improved?
    • Ditchkoff, S.S., 2000. A decade since "diversification of ruminants": has our knowledge improved? Oecologia 125, 82-84.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.125 , pp. 82-84
    • Ditchkoff, S.S.1
  • 16
    • 0028166051 scopus 로고
    • The effect of monoterpene concentrations in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) on the browsing behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus)
    • Duncan, A.J., Hartley, S.E., Iason, G.R., 1994. The effect of monoterpene concentrations in Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis) on the browsing behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus). Can. J. Zool. 72, 1715-1720.
    • (1994) Can. J. Zool. , vol.72 , pp. 1715-1720
    • Duncan, A.J.1    Hartley, S.E.2    Iason, G.R.3
  • 19
    • 0030302865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging in a social antelope: Effects of group size on foraging choices and resource perception in impala
    • Fritz, H., de Garine-Wichalitsky, M., Letessier, G., 1996. Foraging in a social antelope: effects of group size on foraging choices and resource perception in impala. J. Anim. Ecol. 65, 736-742.
    • (1996) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.65 , pp. 736-742
    • Fritz, H.1    De Garine-Wichalitsky, M.2    Letessier, G.3
  • 20
    • 0034426418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dietary preferences in extant African Bovidae
    • Gagnon, M., Chew, A.E., 2000. Dietary preferences in extant African Bovidae. J. Mammal. 81, 490-511.
    • (2000) J. Mammal. , vol.81 , pp. 490-511
    • Gagnon, M.1    Chew, A.E.2
  • 21
    • 0012686872 scopus 로고
    • A study of feeding types and certain rumen functions in six species of South African wild ruminants
    • Giesecke, D., Van Gylswyk, N.O., 1975. A study of feeding types and certain rumen functions in six species of South African wild ruminants. J. Agric. Sci. 85, 75-83.
    • (1975) J. Agric. Sci. , vol.85 , pp. 75-83
    • Giesecke, D.1    Van Gylswyk, N.O.2
  • 22
    • 0028976015 scopus 로고
    • The functional response of herbivores: Analysis and test of a simple mechanistic model
    • Ginnett, T.F., Demment, M.W., 1995. The functional response of herbivores: analysis and test of a simple mechanistic model. Funct. Ecol. 9, 376-384.
    • (1995) Funct. Ecol. , vol.9 , pp. 376-384
    • Ginnett, T.F.1    Demment, M.W.2
  • 23
    • 84995190211 scopus 로고
    • Food preferences of two black rhinoceros populations
    • Goddard, J., 1968. Food preferences of two black rhinoceros populations. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 6, 1-18.
    • (1968) E. Afr. Wildl. J. , vol.6 , pp. 1-18
    • Goddard, J.1
  • 24
    • 0024904293 scopus 로고
    • Vegetation community selection by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. I. Food supply
    • Gordon, I.J., 1989. Vegetation community selection by ungulates on the Isle of Rhum. I. Food supply. J. Appl. Ecol. 26, 35-51.
    • (1989) J. Appl. Ecol. , vol.26 , pp. 35-51
    • Gordon, I.J.1
  • 25
    • 0001723943 scopus 로고
    • Animal-based techniques for grazing ecology research
    • Gordon, I.J., 1995. Animal-based techniques for grazing ecology research. Small Ruminant Res. 16, 203-214.
    • (1995) Small Ruminant Res. , vol.16 , pp. 203-214
    • Gordon, I.J.1
  • 26
    • 0003127227 scopus 로고
    • Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants
    • Gordon, I.J., Illius, A.W., 1988. Incisor arcade structure and diet selection in ruminants. Funct. Ecol. 2, 15-22.
    • (1988) Funct. Ecol. , vol.2 , pp. 15-22
    • Gordon, I.J.1    Illius, A.W.2
  • 27
    • 0028165324 scopus 로고
    • The functional significance of the browser-grazer dichotomy in African ruminants
    • Gordon, I.J., Illius, A.W., 1994. The functional significance of the browser-grazer dichotomy in African ruminants. Oecologia 98, 167-175.
    • (1994) Oecologia , vol.98 , pp. 167-175
    • Gordon, I.J.1    Illius, A.W.2
  • 28
    • 0027428199 scopus 로고
    • Functional response of herbivores in food-concentrated patches: Tests of a mechanistic model
    • Gross, J.E., Shipley, L.A., Hobbs, N.T., Spalinger, D.E., Wunder, B.A., 1993. Functional response of herbivores in food-concentrated patches: tests of a mechanistic model. Ecology 74, 778-791.
    • (1993) Ecology , vol.74 , pp. 778-791
    • Gross, J.E.1    Shipley, L.A.2    Hobbs, N.T.3    Spalinger, D.E.4    Wunder, B.A.5
  • 29
    • 0000973119 scopus 로고
    • The nutritional basis of food selection by ungulates
    • Hanley, T.A., 1982. The nutritional basis of food selection by ungulates. J. Range Manage. 35, 146-151.
    • (1982) J. Range Manage. , vol.35 , pp. 146-151
    • Hanley, T.A.1
  • 30
    • 0022173420 scopus 로고
    • Diets and trophic ranking of ungulates in the northern Serengeti
    • Hansen, R.M., Mugambi, M.M., Bauni, S.M., 1985. Diets and trophic ranking of ungulates in the northern Serengeti. J. Wildl. Manage. 49, 823-829.
    • (1985) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.49 , pp. 823-829
    • Hansen, R.M.1    Mugambi, M.M.2    Bauni, S.M.3
  • 31
    • 0030617584 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Feeding behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) offered sitka spruce saplings (Picea sitchensis) grown under different light and nutrient regimes
    • Hartley, S.E., Iason, G.R., Duncan, A.J., Hitchcock, D., 1997. Feeding behaviour of red deer (Cervus elaphus) offered sitka spruce saplings (Picea sitchensis) grown under different light and nutrient regimes. Funct. Ecol. 11, 348-357.
    • (1997) Funct. Ecol. , vol.11 , pp. 348-357
    • Hartley, S.E.1    Iason, G.R.2    Duncan, A.J.3    Hitchcock, D.4
  • 32
    • 0017278230 scopus 로고
    • Rumen function in red deer, hill sheep and reindeer in the Scottish Highlands
    • Hobson, P.N., Mann, S.O., Summers, R., Staines, B.W., 1975. Rumen function in red deer, hill sheep and reindeer in the Scottish Highlands. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. (B) 75, 181-198.
    • (1975) Proc. Roy. Soc. Edin. (B) , vol.75 , pp. 181-198
    • Hobson, P.N.1    Mann, S.O.2    Summers, R.3    Staines, B.W.4
  • 35
    • 0000252903 scopus 로고
    • Digestive physiology of deer - Their morphophysiological specialisations and adaptation
    • Hofmann, R.R., 1985. Digestive physiology of deer - their morphophysiological specialisations and adaptation. Roy. Soc. NZ Bull. 22, 393-407.
    • (1985) Roy. Soc. NZ Bull. , vol.22 , pp. 393-407
    • Hofmann, R.R.1
  • 36
    • 0024875485 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: A comparative view of their digestive system
    • Hofmann, R.R., 1989. Evolutionary steps of ecophysiological adaptation and diversification of ruminants: a comparative view of their digestive system. Oecol. Berlin 78, 443-457.
    • (1989) Oecol. Berlin , vol.78 , pp. 443-457
    • Hofmann, R.R.1
  • 37
    • 0001360980 scopus 로고
    • Grazers and browsers: A classification based on the stomach structure and feeding habits of East African ruminants
    • Hofmann, R.R., Stewart, D.R.M., 1972. Grazers and browsers: a classification based on the stomach structure and feeding habits of East African ruminants. Mammalia 36, 226-240.
    • (1972) Mammalia , vol.36 , pp. 226-240
    • Hofmann, R.R.1    Stewart, D.R.M.2
  • 38
    • 0029660193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Foraging strategy of large herbivores in forest habitats
    • Homolka, M., 1996. Foraging strategy of large herbivores in forest habitats. Folia Zool. 45, 127-136.
    • (1996) Folia Zool. , vol.45 , pp. 127-136
    • Homolka, M.1
  • 39
    • 84985387021 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African Zebu cattle, wildebeest and Coke's Hartebeest
    • Hoppe, P.P., Qvortrup, S.A., Woodford, M.H., 1977a. Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African Zebu cattle, wildebeest and Coke's Hartebeest. Topics J. Zool. 181, 1-9.
    • (1977) Topics J. Zool. , vol.181 , pp. 1-9
    • Hoppe, P.P.1    Qvortrup, S.A.2    Woodford, M.H.3
  • 40
    • 84974269581 scopus 로고
    • Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African sheep, goats, Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle and impala
    • Hoppe, P.P., Qvortrup, S.A., Woodford, M.H., 1977b. Rumen fermentation and food selection in East African sheep, goats, Thomson's gazelle, Grant's gazelle and impala. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 89, 129-135.
    • (1977) J. Agric. Sci. Camb. , vol.89 , pp. 129-135
    • Hoppe, P.P.1    Qvortrup, S.A.2    Woodford, M.H.3
  • 41
    • 0003916782 scopus 로고
    • Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
    • Hughes, R.N., 1993. Diet Selection. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford.
    • (1993) Diet Selection
    • Hughes, R.N.1
  • 42
    • 0003083676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Digestive and ingestive adaptations of mammalian herbivores to low quality forage
    • Olf, H., Brown, V.K., Brent, R. (Eds.), Herbivores: Between Plants and Predators. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
    • Iason, G.R., van Wieren, S.E., 1999. Digestive and ingestive adaptations of mammalian herbivores to low quality forage. In: Olf, H., Brown, V.K., Brent, R. (Eds.), Herbivores: Between Plants and Predators, Proceedings of the Symposium of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 337-369.
    • (1999) Proceedings of the Symposium of the British Ecological Society , pp. 337-369
    • Iason, G.R.1    Van Wieren, S.E.2
  • 43
    • 0023510582 scopus 로고
    • The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants
    • Illius, A.W., Gordon, I.J., 1987. The allometry of food intake in grazing ruminants. J. Anim. Ecol. 56, 989-999.
    • (1987) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.56 , pp. 989-999
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 44
    • 0001626701 scopus 로고
    • Constraints on diet selection and foraging behaviour in mammalian herbivores
    • Hughes, R.N. (Ed.). Springer, Berlin
    • Illius, A.W., Gordon, I.J., 1990. Constraints on diet selection and foraging behaviour in mammalian herbivores. In: Hughes, R.N. (Ed.). Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection. Springer, Berlin, pp. 369-393.
    • (1990) Behavioural Mechanisms of Food Selection , pp. 369-393
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 45
    • 84974230615 scopus 로고
    • Prediction of intake and digestion in ruminants by a model of rumen kinetics integrating animal size and plant characteristics
    • Illius, A.W., Gordon, I.J., 1991. Prediction of intake and digestion in ruminants by a model of rumen kinetics integrating animal size and plant characteristics. J. Agric. Sci. Camb. 116, 145-157.
    • (1991) J. Agric. Sci. Camb. , vol.116 , pp. 145-157
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 46
    • 0002673905 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scaling-up from daily food intakes to numerical responses of vertebrate herbivores
    • Olf, H., Brown, V.K., Brent, R. (Eds.), Herbivores: Between Plants and Predators. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford
    • Illius, A.W., Gordon, I.J., 1999. Scaling-up from daily food intakes to numerical responses of vertebrate herbivores. In: Olf, H., Brown, V.K., Brent, R. (Eds.), Herbivores: Between Plants and Predators, Symposium of the British Ecological Society. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp. 397-425.
    • (1999) Symposium of the British Ecological Society , pp. 397-425
    • Illius, A.W.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 47
    • 0036741138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of functional response and resource exploitation in browsing roe deer
    • Illius, A.W., Duncan, P., Richard, C., Mesochina, P., 2002. Mechanisms of functional response and resource exploitation in browsing roe deer. J. Anim. Ecol. 71, 723-734.
    • (2002) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.71 , pp. 723-734
    • Illius, A.W.1    Duncan, P.2    Richard, C.3    Mesochina, P.4
  • 48
    • 0036107687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Movement parameters of ungulates and scale-specific responses to the environment
    • Johnson, C.J., Parker, K.L., Heard, D.C., Gillingham, M.P., 2002. Movement parameters of ungulates and scale-specific responses to the environment. J. Anim. Ecol. 71, 225-235.
    • (2002) J. Anim. Ecol. , vol.71 , pp. 225-235
    • Johnson, C.J.1    Parker, K.L.2    Heard, D.C.3    Gillingham, M.P.4
  • 49
    • 0035049635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of rumen fluid from South African game species and from sheep to digest tanniniferous browse
    • Jones, R.J., Meyer, J.H.F., Bechaz, F.M., Stoltz, M.A., Palmer, B., Van der Merwe, G., 2001. Comparison of rumen fluid from South African game species and from sheep to digest tanniniferous browse. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 52, 453-460.
    • (2001) Aust. J. Agric. Res. , vol.52 , pp. 453-460
    • Jones, R.J.1    Meyer, J.H.F.2    Bechaz, F.M.3    Stoltz, M.A.4    Palmer, B.5    Van Der Merwe, G.6
  • 52
    • 0021557847 scopus 로고
    • Grazing lawns: Animals in herds, plant form and coevolution
    • McNaughton, S.J., 1984. Grazing lawns: animals in herds, plant form and coevolution. Am. Nat. 124, 863-886.
    • (1984) Am. Nat. , vol.124 , pp. 863-886
    • McNaughton, S.J.1
  • 53
    • 0026049003 scopus 로고
    • Thorns as induced defenses: Experimental evidence
    • Milewski, A.V., Young, T.P., Madden, D., 1991. Thorns as induced defenses: experimental evidence. Oecologia 86, 70-75.
    • (1991) Oecologia , vol.86 , pp. 70-75
    • Milewski, A.V.1    Young, T.P.2    Madden, D.3
  • 54
    • 0033868086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet overlap among ruminants in Fennoscandia
    • Mysterud, A., 2000. Diet overlap among ruminants in Fennoscandia. Oecologia 124, 130-137.
    • (2000) Oecologia , vol.124 , pp. 130-137
    • Mysterud, A.1
  • 55
    • 17744386733 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of season, sex and feeding style on home range area versus body mass scaling in temperate ruminants
    • Mysterud, A., Perez-Barberia, F.J., Gordon, I.J., 2001. The effect of season, sex and feeding style on home range area versus body mass scaling in temperate ruminants. Oecologia 127, 30-39.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.127 , pp. 30-39
    • Mysterud, A.1    Perez-Barberia, F.J.2    Gordon, I.J.3
  • 56
    • 0032752309 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro screening of rumen fluid samples from indigenous African ruminants provides evidence for rumen fluid with superior capacities to digest tannin-rich fodders
    • Odenyo, A.A., Mcsweeney, C.S., Palmer, B., Negassa, D., Osuji, P.O., 1999. In vitro screening of rumen fluid samples from indigenous African ruminants provides evidence for rumen fluid with superior capacities to digest tannin-rich fodders. Aust. J. Agric. Res. 50, 1147-1157.
    • (1999) Aust. J. Agric. Res. , vol.50 , pp. 1147-1157
    • Odenyo, A.A.1    Mcsweeney, C.S.2    Palmer, B.3    Negassa, D.4    Osuji, P.O.5
  • 57
    • 0035932914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between oral morphology and feeding style in the artiodactyla: A phylogenetically controlled evaluation
    • Perez-Barberia, F.J., Gordon, I.J., 2001. Relationships between oral morphology and feeding style in the artiodactyla: a phylogenetically controlled evaluation. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 268, 1023-1032.
    • (2001) Proc. Roy. Soc. B , vol.268 , pp. 1023-1032
    • Perez-Barberia, F.J.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 58
    • 0035651921 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of stomach adaptation in digestive strategies in African ruminants
    • Perez-Barberia, F.J., Gordon, I.J., Illius, A., 2001. Phylogenetic analysis of stomach adaptation in digestive strategies in African ruminants. Oecologia 129, 498-508.
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.129 , pp. 498-508
    • Perez-Barberia, F.J.1    Gordon, I.J.2    Illius, A.3
  • 59
    • 0031150349 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diet and abundance of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe Muller 1776) in four habitats of northern Patagonia, Argentina
    • Puig, S., Videla, F., Cona, M.I., 1997. Diet and abundance of the guanaco (Lama guanicoe Muller 1776) in four habitats of northern Patagonia. Argentina J. Arid Environ. 36, 343-357.
    • (1997) J. Arid Environ. , vol.36 , pp. 343-357
    • Puig, S.1    Videla, F.2    Cona, M.I.3
  • 60
    • 0033549603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring forest damage of ungulates: What should be considered
    • Reimoser, F., Armstrong, H., Suchant, R., 1999. Measuring forest damage of ungulates: what should be considered. For. Ecol. Manage. 120, 47-58.
    • (1999) For. Ecol. Manage. , vol.120 , pp. 47-58
    • Reimoser, F.1    Armstrong, H.2    Suchant, R.3
  • 61
    • 0022860440 scopus 로고
    • Seasonal foraging rates of free-ranging moose
    • Renecker, L.A., Hudson, R.J., 1986. Seasonal foraging rates of free-ranging moose. J. Wildl. Manage. 50, 143-147.
    • (1986) J. Wildl. Manage. , vol.50 , pp. 143-147
    • Renecker, L.A.1    Hudson, R.J.2
  • 62
    • 0023468679 scopus 로고
    • Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: Reduction in dry matter digestion
    • Robbins, C.T., Mole, S., Hagerman, A.E., Hanley, T.A., 1987a. Role of tannins in defending plants against ruminants: reduction in dry matter digestion. Ecology 68, 1606-1615.
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1606-1615
    • Robbins, C.T.1    Mole, S.2    Hagerman, A.E.3    Hanley, T.A.4
  • 64
    • 0026305374 scopus 로고
    • Variation in mammalian physiological responses to a condensed tannin and its ecological implications
    • Robbins, C.T., Hagerman, A.E., Austin, P.J., McArthur, C., Hanley, T.A., 1991. Variation in mammalian physiological responses to a condensed tannin and its ecological implications. J. Mammal. 72, 480-486.
    • (1991) J. Mammal. , vol.72 , pp. 480-486
    • Robbins, C.T.1    Hagerman, A.E.2    Austin, P.J.3    McArthur, C.4    Hanley, T.A.5
  • 65
    • 0028982936 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation of ruminants to browse and grass diets: Are anatomical-based grazer-browser interpretations valid?
    • Robbins, C.T., Spalinger, D.E., Van Hoven, W., 1995. Adaptation of ruminants to browse and grass diets: are anatomical-based grazer-browser interpretations valid? Oecologia 103, 208-213.
    • (1995) Oecologia , vol.103 , pp. 208-213
    • Robbins, C.T.1    Spalinger, D.E.2    Van Hoven, W.3
  • 66
    • 0028315692 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of reproductive strategies in ungulates
    • Sæther, B.-E., Gordon, I.J., 1994. The adaptive significance of reproductive strategies in ungulates. Proc. Roy. Soc. B 256, 263-268.
    • (1994) Proc. Roy. Soc. B , vol.256 , pp. 263-268
    • Sæther, B.-E.1    Gordon, I.J.2
  • 67
    • 0028994758 scopus 로고
    • Habitat selection as a hierarchy: The spatial scales of winter foraging by muskoxen
    • Schaefer, J.A., Messier, F., 1995. Habitat selection as a hierarchy: the spatial scales of winter foraging by muskoxen. Ecography 18, 333-344.
    • (1995) Ecography , vol.18 , pp. 333-344
    • Schaefer, J.A.1    Messier, F.2
  • 69
    • 0032990569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predicting bite size selection of mammalian herbivores: A test of a general model of diet optimization
    • Shipley, L.A., Illius, A.W., Hobbs, N.T., Spalinger, D.E., 1999. Predicting bite size selection of mammalian herbivores: a test of a general model of diet optimization. Oikos 84, 55-68.
    • (1999) Oikos , vol.84 , pp. 55-68
    • Shipley, L.A.1    Illius, A.W.2    Hobbs, N.T.3    Spalinger, D.E.4
  • 71
    • 0027041012 scopus 로고
    • Mechanisms of foraging in mammalian herbivores: New models of functional response
    • Spalinger, D.E., Hobbs, N.T., 1992. Mechanisms of foraging in mammalian herbivores: new models of functional response. Am. Nat. 140, 325-348.
    • (1992) Am. Nat. , vol.140 , pp. 325-348
    • Spalinger, D.E.1    Hobbs, N.T.2
  • 72
    • 0024187004 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the functional response in foraging in the Sitka black-tailed deer
    • Spalinger, D.E., Hanley, T.A., Robbins, C.T., 1988. Analysis of the functional response in foraging in the Sitka black-tailed deer. Ecology 69, 1166-1175.
    • (1988) Ecology , vol.69 , pp. 1166-1175
    • Spalinger, D.E.1    Hanley, T.A.2    Robbins, C.T.3
  • 73
    • 0020918994 scopus 로고
    • The feeding behavior of grazing African ungulates
    • Underwood, R., 1983. The feeding behavior of grazing African ungulates. Behaviour 84, 196-243.
    • (1983) Behaviour , vol.84 , pp. 196-243
    • Underwood, R.1
  • 74
    • 0012641642 scopus 로고
    • A summary of preliminary findings in a rumen microbiological investigation on wild ruminants
    • Van Gylswyk, N.O., Giesecke, D., 1973. A summary of preliminary findings in a rumen microbiological investigation on wild ruminants. Koedoe 16, 191-194.
    • (1973) Koedoe , vol.16 , pp. 191-194
    • Van Gylswyk, N.O.1    Giesecke, D.2
  • 77
    • 0032714438 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The importance of scale of patchiness for selectivity in grazing herbivores
    • Wallis DeVries, M.F., Laca, E.A., Demment, M.W., 1999. The importance of scale of patchiness for selectivity in grazing herbivores. Oecologia 121, 355-363.
    • (1999) Oecologia , vol.121 , pp. 355-363
    • Wallis DeVries, M.F.1    Laca, E.A.2    Demment, M.W.3
  • 78
    • 0028978443 scopus 로고
    • Forage quality and patch choice by wapiti (Cervus elaphus)
    • Wilmshurst, J.F., Fryxell, J.M., Hudson, R.J., 1995. Forage quality and patch choice by wapiti (Cervus elaphus). Behav. Ecol. 6, 209-217.
    • (1995) Behav. Ecol. , vol.6 , pp. 209-217
    • Wilmshurst, J.F.1    Fryxell, J.M.2    Hudson, R.J.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.