Two worlds of pension reform in Western Europe

Comparative Politics

Volumn 35, Issue 4, 2003, Pages

  Bonoli, Giuliano ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF BERN   (Switzerland)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FRIBOURG   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0042074371     PISSN: 00104159     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2307/4150187     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Douglass North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Paul Pierson, "Increasing Returns, Path Dependence and the Study of Politics," American Political Science Review, 94 (June 2000), 251-67.
2. Douglass North, Institutions, Institutional Change, and Economic Performance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990); Paul Pierson, "Increasing Returns, Path Dependence and the Study of Politics," American Political Science Review, 94 (June 2000), 251-67.
3. Giuliano Bonoli, The Politics of Pension Reform: Institutions and Policy Change in Western Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ch. 1; Giuliano Bonoli and Bruno Palier, "Pension Reforms and the Expansion of Private Pensions in Western Europe," Yearbook of European Administrative History, 12 (2000), 153-74; John Myles and Jill Quadagno, "Recent Trends in Public Pension Reform: A Comparative View," in Keith Banting and Robin Boadway, eds., Reform of Retirement Income Policy: International and Canadian Perspectives (Kingston: Queen's University, School of Policy Studies, 1997), pp. 247-72; John Myles and Paul Pierson, "The Political Economy of Pension Reform," in Paul Pierson, ed., The New Politics of the Welfare State (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 305-33; Karl Hinrichs, "Elephants on the Move: Patterns of Public Pension Reform in OECD Countries," in Stephan Leibfried, ed., Welfare State Futures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 77-102; Martin Schludi, The Politics of Pensions in European Social Insurance Countries (Cologne: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Discussion Paper 01/11, 2002).
4. Giuliano Bonoli, The Politics of Pension Reform: Institutions and Policy Change in Western Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ch. 1; Giuliano Bonoli and Bruno Palier, "Pension Reforms and the Expansion of Private Pensions in Western Europe," Yearbook of European Administrative History, 12 (2000), 153-74; John Myles and Jill Quadagno, "Recent Trends in Public Pension Reform: A Comparative View," in Keith Banting and Robin Boadway, eds., Reform of Retirement Income Policy: International and Canadian Perspectives (Kingston: Queen's University, School of Policy Studies, 1997), pp. 247-72; John Myles and Paul Pierson, "The Political Economy of Pension Reform," in Paul Pierson, ed., The New Politics of the Welfare State (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 305-33; Karl Hinrichs, "Elephants on the Move: Patterns of Public Pension Reform in OECD Countries," in Stephan Leibfried, ed., Welfare State Futures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 77-102; Martin Schludi, The Politics of Pensions in European Social Insurance Countries (Cologne: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Discussion Paper 01/11, 2002).
5. Giuliano Bonoli, The Politics of Pension Reform: Institutions and Policy Change in Western Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ch. 1; Giuliano Bonoli and Bruno Palier, "Pension Reforms and the Expansion of Private Pensions in Western Europe," Yearbook of European Administrative History, 12 (2000), 153-74; John Myles and Jill Quadagno, "Recent Trends in Public Pension Reform: A Comparative View," in Keith Banting and Robin Boadway, eds., Reform of Retirement Income Policy: International and Canadian Perspectives (Kingston: Queen's University, School of Policy Studies, 1997), pp. 247-72; John Myles and Paul Pierson, "The Political Economy of Pension Reform," in Paul Pierson, ed., The New Politics of the Welfare State (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 305-33; Karl Hinrichs, "Elephants on the Move: Patterns of Public Pension Reform in OECD Countries," in Stephan Leibfried, ed., Welfare State Futures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 77-102; Martin Schludi, The Politics of Pensions in European Social Insurance Countries (Cologne: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Discussion Paper 01/11, 2002).
6. Giuliano Bonoli, The Politics of Pension Reform: Institutions and Policy Change in Western Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ch. 1; Giuliano Bonoli and Bruno Palier, "Pension Reforms and the Expansion of Private Pensions in Western Europe," Yearbook of European Administrative History, 12 (2000), 153-74; John Myles and Jill Quadagno, "Recent Trends in Public Pension Reform: A Comparative View," in Keith Banting and Robin Boadway, eds., Reform of Retirement Income Policy: International and Canadian Perspectives (Kingston: Queen's University, School of Policy Studies, 1997), pp. 247-72; John Myles and Paul Pierson, "The Political Economy of Pension Reform," in Paul Pierson, ed., The New Politics of the Welfare State (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 305-33; Karl Hinrichs, "Elephants on the Move: Patterns of Public Pension Reform in OECD Countries," in Stephan Leibfried, ed., Welfare State Futures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 77-102; Martin Schludi, The Politics of Pensions in European Social Insurance Countries (Cologne: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Discussion Paper 01/11, 2002).
7. Giuliano Bonoli, The Politics of Pension Reform: Institutions and Policy Change in Western Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ch. 1; Giuliano Bonoli and Bruno Palier, "Pension Reforms and the Expansion of Private Pensions in Western Europe," Yearbook of European Administrative History, 12 (2000), 153-74; John Myles and Jill Quadagno, "Recent Trends in Public Pension Reform: A Comparative View," in Keith Banting and Robin Boadway, eds., Reform of Retirement Income Policy: International and Canadian Perspectives (Kingston: Queen's University, School of Policy Studies, 1997), pp. 247-72; John Myles and Paul Pierson, "The Political Economy of Pension Reform," in Paul Pierson, ed., The New Politics of the Welfare State (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 305-33; Karl Hinrichs, "Elephants on the Move: Patterns of Public Pension Reform in OECD Countries," in Stephan Leibfried, ed., Welfare State Futures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 77-102; Martin Schludi, The Politics of Pensions in European Social Insurance Countries (Cologne: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Discussion Paper 01/11, 2002).
8. Giuliano Bonoli, The Politics of Pension Reform: Institutions and Policy Change in Western Europe (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), ch. 1; Giuliano Bonoli and Bruno Palier, "Pension Reforms and the Expansion of Private Pensions in Western Europe," Yearbook of European Administrative History, 12 (2000), 153-74; John Myles and Jill Quadagno, "Recent Trends in Public Pension Reform: A Comparative View," in Keith Banting and Robin Boadway, eds., Reform of Retirement Income Policy: International and Canadian Perspectives (Kingston: Queen's University, School of Policy Studies, 1997), pp. 247-72; John Myles and Paul Pierson, "The Political Economy of Pension Reform," in Paul Pierson, ed., The New Politics of the Welfare State (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001), pp. 305-33; Karl Hinrichs, "Elephants on the Move: Patterns of Public Pension Reform in OECD Countries," in Stephan Leibfried, ed., Welfare State Futures (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001), pp. 77-102; Martin Schludi, The Politics of Pensions in European Social Insurance Countries (Cologne: Max-Planck-Institut für Gesellschaftsforschung, Discussion Paper 01/11, 2002).
9. Markus Haverland, "Another Dutch Miracle? Explaining Dutch and German Pension Trajectories," Journal of European Social Policy, 11 (November 2001), 303-23.
10. See also Myles and Pierson, pp. 305-33.
11. Paul Pierson, Dismantling the Welfare State: Reagan, Thatcher and the Politics of Retrenchment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994); Paul Pierson and Kent Weaver, "Imposing Losses in Pension Policy," in Kent Weaver and Bert Rockmann, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 1993), pp. 110-50.
12. Paul Pierson, Dismantling the Welfare State: Reagan, Thatcher and the Politics of Retrenchment (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994); Paul Pierson and Kent Weaver, "Imposing Losses in Pension Policy," in Kent Weaver and Bert Rockmann, eds., Do Institutions Matter? Government Capabilities in the United States and Abroad (Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution Press, 1993), pp. 110-50.
13. Economic Policy Committee, Progress Report to the Ecofin Council on the Impact of Aging Populations on Public Pension Systems (Brussels: European Commission, 2000).
14. For instance, for Denmark the second pillar scheme ATP is included in the EU-EPC projection but not in the OECD one.
15. Merrill Lynch, Demographics and the Funded Pension System (New York: Merrill Lynch & Co., 2000).
16. S. J. Schieber and J. B. Shoven, "The Consequences of Population Aging for Private Pension Fund Saving and Asset Markets," in M. Kurd and Y. Naohiro, eds., The Economic Effects of Aging in the United States and Japan (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1997), p. 123.
17. More in-depth comparative accounts of pension reform in social insurance countries can be found in Bonoli; Hinrichs; Schludi; P. Taylor-Gooby, "Policy Change at a Time of Retrenchment: Recent Pension Reform in France, Germany, Italy, and the U.K.," Social Policy and Administration, 33 (1999), 1-19.
18. Bonoli, ch. 5; Rolande Ruellan, "Retraites: L'impossible réforme est-elle achevée?," Droit Social, 12 (1993), 911-29.
19. Bonoli, ch. 5; Rolande Ruellan, "Retraites: L'impossible réforme est-elle achevée?," Droit Social, 12 (1993), 911-29.
20. Winfried Schmähl, "The 1992 Reform of Public Pensions in Germany: Main Elements and Some Effects," Journal of European Social Policy, 3 (Spring 1993), 39-52. The government has claimed that the replacement rate will decline to 67 percent only, but this figure is based on earnings net of the noncompulsory contribution paid to a private pension. The figure of 64 percent is based on net earnings according to the prereform definition and hence is comparable with the current replacement rate of 70 percent. See Ralph Nöcker, The Recent Pension Reforms in Germany: Individual Pension Accounts as a Replacement for State Pensions (London: Centre for Pensions and Social Insurance, Birkbeck College, University of London/City University, 2001).
21. Winfried Schmähl, "The 1992 Reform of Public Pensions in Germany: Main Elements and Some Effects," Journal of European Social Policy, 3 (Spring 1993), 39-52. The government has claimed that the replacement rate will decline to 67 percent only, but this figure is based on earnings net of the noncompulsory contribution paid to a private pension. The figure of 64 percent is based on net earnings according to the prereform definition and hence is comparable with the current replacement rate of 70 percent. See Ralph Nöcker, The Recent Pension Reforms in Germany: Individual Pension Accounts as a Replacement for State Pensions (London: Centre for Pensions and Social Insurance, Birkbeck College, University of London/City University, 2001).
22. Roberto Artoni and Antonio Zanardi, "The Evolution of the Italian Pension System," in MIRE, ed., Comparing Welfare States in Southern Europe (Paris: MIRE, 1997), pp. 243-66; Maurizio Ferrera, "The Uncertain Future of the Italian Welfare State," in Martin Bull and Martin Rhodes, eds., Crisis and Transition in Italian Politics (London: Frank Cass, 1997), pp. 231-49.
23. Roberto Artoni and Antonio Zanardi, "The Evolution of the Italian Pension System," in MIRE, ed., Comparing Welfare States in Southern Europe (Paris: MIRE, 1997), pp. 243-66; Maurizio Ferrera, "The Uncertain Future of the Italian Welfare State," in Martin Bull and Martin Rhodes, eds., Crisis and Transition in Italian Politics (London: Frank Cass, 1997), pp. 231-49.
24. Anne-Charlotte Ståhlberg, "Sweden: On the Way from Standard to Basic Security?," in Jochen Clasen, ed., Social Insurance in Europe (Bristol: The Policy Press, 1997), pp. 40-59; Joakim Palme and Irene Wennemo, "Swedish Social Security in the 1990s: Reform and Retrenchment" (Stockholm: Swedish Institute for Social Research, 1997, mimeo); Karen Anderson, "The Welfare State in the Global Economy. The Politics of Social Insurance Reform in Sweden 1990-1998" (Ph.D. diss., University of Washington, 1998).
25. Anne-Charlotte Ståhlberg, "Sweden: On the Way from Standard to Basic Security?," in Jochen Clasen, ed., Social Insurance in Europe (Bristol: The Policy Press, 1997), pp. 40-59; Joakim Palme and Irene Wennemo, "Swedish Social Security in the 1990s: Reform and Retrenchment" (Stockholm: Swedish Institute for Social Research, 1997, mimeo); Karen Anderson, "The Welfare State in the Global Economy. The Politics of Social Insurance Reform in Sweden 1990-1998" (Ph.D. diss., University of Washington, 1998).
26. Anne-Charlotte Ståhlberg, "Sweden: On the Way from Standard to Basic Security?," in Jochen Clasen, ed., Social Insurance in Europe (Bristol: The Policy Press, 1997), pp. 40-59; Joakim Palme and Irene Wennemo, "Swedish Social Security in the 1990s: Reform and Retrenchment" (Stockholm: Swedish Institute for Social Research, 1997, mimeo); Karen Anderson, "The Welfare State in the Global Economy. The Politics of Social Insurance Reform in Sweden 1990-1998" (Ph.D. diss., University of Washington, 1998).
27. Karen Anderson and Kent Weaver, "Pension Politics in Sweden: Fundamental Reforms in a Policy Cartel?," paper presented at the Swiss Political Science Association Annual Conference, Fribourg, Switzerland, November 9, 2001.
28. Roberto Cesari, I fondi pensions (Bologna: II Mulino, 2000).
29. Hinrichs, p. 85.
30. On the concepts of credit claiming and blame avoidance, see Kent Weaver, "The Politics of Blame Avoidance," Journal of Public Policy, 6 (1986), 371-98.
31. Riksförsäkringsverket (National Social Insurance Board), Den nya allmänna pensionen, http://www.pensions.nu (visited July 23, 2001).
32. BMA (Bundesministerium für Arbeit) Rentenversicherung, http://www.bma.de/frame.asp?u=/de/sicherung/rente/rente.htm (visited July 23, 2001).
33. Gigi Leonradi and Marco Peruzzi, "Pensioni," Italia Oggi, 5 (1995); INPS (Istituto Nazionale di Previdenza Sociale), TuttoINPS, http://www.inps.it/Doc/TuttoINPS/TuttoINPS.htm (visited July 23, 2001).
34. Gigi Leonradi and Marco Peruzzi, "Pensioni," Italia Oggi, 5 (1995); INPS (Istituto Nazionale di Previdenza Sociale), TuttoINPS, http://www.inps.it/Doc/TuttoINPS/TuttoINPS.htm (visited July 23, 2001).
35. European Commission, Supplementary Pensions in the Single Market: A Green Paper (Brussels: COM[97] 283, 1997).
36. Jon Kvist, "Retrenchment or Restructuring? The Emergence of a Multitiered Welfare State in Denmark," in Jochen Clasen, ed., Social Insurance in Europe (Bristol: The Policy Press, 1997), pp. 14-39; Niels Ploug, "The Recalibration of the Danish Old-Age Pension System," paper prepared for the International Sociological Association RC 19 Annual Conference, Tilburg, The Netherlands, August 24-27, 2000.
37. Jon Kvist, "Retrenchment or Restructuring? The Emergence of a Multitiered Welfare State in Denmark," in Jochen Clasen, ed., Social Insurance in Europe (Bristol: The Policy Press, 1997), pp. 14-39; Niels Ploug, "The Recalibration of the Danish Old-Age Pension System," paper prepared for the International Sociological Association RC 19 Annual Conference, Tilburg, The Netherlands, August 24-27, 2000.
38. Wim van Oorschot and Kees Boos, "Dutch Pension Policy and the Aging of the Population," European Journal of Social Security, 1 (Autumn 1999), 295-311.
39. SZW (Ministerie van Sociale Zaken en Werkgelegenheid), The Old Age Pension System in the Netherlands (The Hague: 2001).
40. DWP (Department of Work and Pensions), Stakeholder Pensions, http://www.dss.gov.uk/lifeevent/benefits/stakeholder_pensions.htm (visited August 25, 2001).
41. Philip E. Davis, Pension Funds: Retirement-Income Security and Capital Markets (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995).
42. European Commission, Proposal for a Directive on the Activities of Institutions for Occupational Retirement Provision (Brussels: COM [2000] 507, 2000), p. 3.
43. Bonoli and Palier, pp. 153-174.
44. Bonoli, ch 3.