Condition assessment for building stone conservation: A staging system approach

Building and Environment

Volumn 38, Issue 9-10, 2003, Pages 1113-1123

  Warke, P A ^a   Curran, J M ^a   Turkington, A V ^b   Smith, B J ^a  

^a QUEEN'S UNIVERSITY BELFAST   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

Author keywords

Building stone; Condition assessment; Decay; Sandstone; Staging system

Indexed keywords

DECAY (ORGANIC); FORECASTING; GEOMORPHOLOGY;

STONE CONSERVATION;

BUILDINGS;

BUILDING STONE; CONSERVATION; FORECASTING METHOD; SANDSTONE;

EID: 0042066647     PISSN: 03601323     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0360-1323(03)00085-4     Document Type: Article

References (25)

1. Trofimov A.M. Phillips J.D. Theoretical and methodological premises of geomorphological forecasting Geomorphology 5 1992 203-211
2. Arnold A, Jeanette D, Zehnder K. Proposal for a terminology of weathering phenomena on building stones. International Council of Monuments and Stones (ICOMOS) Group Petrography, 1979.
3. Benea B. Representative stones and weathering forms at Histria Fortress, Romania. In: Zezza F, editor. Origin, mechanisms and effects of salts on degradation of monuments in marine and continental environments. European Commission Protection and Conservation of the European Cultural Heritage Research Report No. 4, Bari (Italy) 1996. p. 207-16.
4. Galán E, Guerrero MA, Vázquez MA, Carretero MI, Ortiz P. The Cathedral of Cadiz (Spain). Environmental study and stone damage evaluation. In: Zezza F, editor. Origin, mechanisms and effects of salts on degradation of monuments in marine and continental environments. European Commission Protection and Conservation of the European Cultural Heritage Research Report No. 4, Bari (Italy) 1996. p. 363-72.
5. Fitzner B, Heinrichs K, Kownatzki R. Classification and mapping of weathering forms. In: Proceedings of the 7th International Congress on Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, vol. 2, 15-18 June, Lisbon, 1992. p. 957-68.
6. Fitzner B, Heinrichs K. Damage diagnosis at stone monuments-weathering forms, damage categories and damage indices. In: Prikryl R, Viles HA, editors. Understanding and managing stone decay, Proceedings of the International Conference on Stone Weathering and Atmospheric Pollution Network (SWAPNET 2001). Prague: The Karolinum Press, 2002. p. 11-56.
7. Fitzner B, Heinrichs K, La Bouchardiere D. Damage index for stone monuments. In: Galán E, Zezza F, editors. Protection and conservation of the cultural heritage of the mediterranean cities. Lisse: Swets - Zeitlinger, 2002
8. Heinrichs K, Fitzner B. Deterioration of rock monuments in Petra/Jordan. In: Proceedings of the 9th International Congress on the Deterioration and Conservation of Stone, vol. 2. Venice, June 19-24. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2000. p. 53-61.
9. Hermanek P. Sobin L.H. TNM classification of malignant tumours 1987 Springer-Verlag Berlin
10. Garrick M.B. Fair W.R. Prostate cancer Scientific American 279 6 1998 44-53
11. Smith BJ, Turkington AV, Warke PA, Basheer PAM, McAlister JJ, Meneely J, Curran J. Modelling the rapid, catastrophic retreat of building sandstones. A case study from a polluted maritime environment: Belfast, Northern Ireland. In: Siegesmund S., Vollbrecht A, Weiss T, editors. Natural stone, weathering phenomena, conservation strategies and case studies. London: Geological Society Special Publication No. 205, 2002. p. 347-62.
12. Warke P.A. Smith B.J. Salt distribution in clay-rich weathered sandstone Earth Surface Processes - Landforms 25 2000 1333-1342
13. Turkington A.V. Smit B.J. Observations of three-dimensional salt distribution in building sandstone Earth Surface Processes - Landforms 25 2000 1317-1332
14. Ashurst J, Ashurst N. Practical building conservation: stone masonry, vol. 1. Aldershot: Gower Technical Press, 1989.
15. Warke P.A. Smith B.J. Campbell U. Characterisation of decay features on sandstone following cleaning: preliminary observations Jones M.S. Wakefield R.D. Stone weathering and atmospheric pollution network 1997: aspects of stone weathering, decay and conservation 1998 65-76 Imperial College Press London
16. Torraca G. The scientist's role in historic preservation with particular reference to stone conservation. In: Baer NS (Chairman). Conservation of historic stone buildings and monuments: report of the committee on conservation of historic stone buildings and monuments. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1982. p. 13-21.
17. McGreevy J.P. Smith B.J. The possible role of clay minerals in salt weathering Catena 11 1984 169-175
18. Warke P.A. Inheritance effects in building stone decay Smith B.J. Warke P.A. Processes of urban stone decay 1996 32-43 Donhead Publishing London
19. Maxwell I. Stonecleaning-for better or worse? An overview Webster R.G.M. Stone cleaning and the nature, soiling and decay mechanisms of stone 1992 3-49 Donhead Publishing London
20. Urquhart DCM, Young ME, MacDonald J, Jones M, Laing R, Nicholson K. Research Report, Cleaning of Granite Buildings. Scottish Enterprise, Historic Scotland and Grampian Enterprise, 1995.
21. Ashurst N. Cleaning historic buildings, vols. 1,2. London: Donhead Publishing, 1994.
22. Young M. Maintenance and repair issues for stonecleaned sandstone and granite building façades Building and Environment 38 9-10 2003 1125-1131
23. Price C.A. Stone conservation: an overview of current research 1996 The Getty Conservation Institute Santa Monica
24. Hall G.D. Patel P.M. Prothero A.S. Key topics in oncology 1998 Bios Scientific Publishers Oxford
25. Massa S. Naldini S. Rorro A. A system of classification of the decay of stone monuments Baer N.S. Sabbioni C. Sors A.I. Science, technology and European cultural heritage 1991 859-862 Butterworth- Heinemann London