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5
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The Vietnam POW veteran: Immediate and long-term effects of captivity
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Figley CR, editor. New York: Brunner/Mazel
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Hunter EJ. The Vietnam POW veteran: immediate and long-term effects of captivity. In: Figley CR, editor. Stress disorders among Vietnam veterans. New York: Brunner/Mazel; 1978. pp. 188-206.
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Hunter, E.J.1
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Schlenger WE, Caddel JM, Ebert L, et al. psychological reactions to terrorist attacks. Findings from the national study of Americans' reactions to September 11. JAMA 2002; 288:581-588. This important study focused on the differential effect of exposure of September 11 in civilian populations on psychological symptomatology, looking at sex, age, direct exposure, and at the amount of time spent viewing televison coverage of the September 11 attacks.
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JAMA
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Schlenger, W.E.1
Caddel, J.M.2
Ebert, L.3
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8
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Lee A, Isaac M, Janca A. Post-traumatic stress disorder and terrorism. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2002; 15:633-637. The reader may refer to this review of the psychosocial consequences of terrorism on the community for comparison purposes, in order to examine the common aspects and differences between two types of traumatic violence: war and terrorism.
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Curr Opin Psychiatry
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Lee, A.1
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Fazel M, Stein A. The mental health of refugee children. Arch Dis Child 2002; 87:366-370.
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Arch Dis Child
, vol.87
, pp. 366-370
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Fazel, M.1
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Silove D. The asylum debacle in Australia: a challenge for psychiatry. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2002; 36:290-296. This study described the stressful experiences that refugees face in their countries of asylum, as well as the need for better laws and social policies that can ameliorate the situation of this vulnerable group, and ensure their human and political rights.
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Aust N Z J Psychiatry
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Silove, D.1
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De Jong JT, Komproe IH, Van Ommeren M, et al. Lifetime events and posttraumatic stress disorder in 4 postconflict settings. JAMA 2001; 286:555-562.
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JAMA
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De Jong, J.T.1
Komproe, I.H.2
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Responding to chemical, biological, or nuclear terrorism: The indirect and long-term health effects may present the greatest challenge
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Hyams KC, Murphy FM, Wessely S. Responding to chemical, biological, or nuclear terrorism: the indirect and long-term health effects may present the greatest challenge. J Health Polit Policy Law 2002; 27:273-291. This article is useful in describing the stressors associated to new forms of war, and their potential psychosocial effects.
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J Health Polit Policy Law
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Hyams, K.C.1
Murphy, F.M.2
Wessely, S.3
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18
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Op Den Velde W, Aarts PG, Falger PR, et al. Alcohol use, cigarette consumption and chronic post-traumatic stress disorder. Alcohol Alcohol 2002; 37:355-361. The interest of this article lies in its study of individuals who developed PTSD after WWII, and its effect on substance use.
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Alcohol Alcohol
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Op Den Velde, W.1
Aarts, P.G.2
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19
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War: Related trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult Kosovar refugees
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Ai AL, Peterson C, Ubelhor D. War: related trauma and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult Kosovar refugees. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15:157-160.
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J Trauma Stress
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Ai, A.L.1
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Ubelhor, D.3
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20
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Ursano J. Post-traumatic stress disorder. N Eng J Med 2002; 346:130-132. This presents a very helpful reflection on PTSD and other manifestations after trauma.
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N Eng J Med
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Ursano, J.1
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21
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Shepard B. A war of nerves. Cambridge: Harvard University Press; 2000. This is a superb review of the subject of war, although mostly focusing on the military, that discusses the issue of trauma on mental health and more specifically the concept of war trauma. It is a must reading for students and specialists alike because this well-documented review covers a hundred years of military conflicts.
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A War of Nerves
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Shepard, B.1
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22
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Flashbacks and post-traumatic stress disorder: The genesis of a 20th century diagnosis
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Jones E, Vermaas RH, McCartney H, et al. Flashbacks and post-traumatic stress disorder: the genesis of a 20th century diagnosis. Br J Psychiatry 2003; 182:158-163. This was an interesting study and discussion on the issue of 'flashbacks' as a symptom of PTSD (in the military since 1854), arguing for a cultural change in the clinical picture of reactions secondary to war: from the somatic to the psychological.
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Br J Psychiatry
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, pp. 158-163
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Jones, E.1
Vermaas, R.H.2
McCartney, H.3
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23
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Frueh BC, Hamner MB. Apparent symptom overreporting in combat veterans evaluated for PTSD. Clin Psychol Rev 2000; 20:853-885.
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Frueh, B.C.1
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Summerfield D. Effects of war: moral knowledge, revenge, reconciliation, and medicalised concepts of "recovery". BMJ 2002; 325:1105-1107. Summerfield proves once more to be an eloquent writer, raising important questions and providing answers based on reflections about the more general issue of medicalization of human mental suffering.
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Summerfield, D.1
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Summerfield D. War and mental health: a brief overview. BMJ 2000; 321:232-235.
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Smith P, Perrin S, Yule W, et al. War exposure among children from Bosnia-Hercegovina: psychological adjustment in a community sample. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15:147-156. These authors studied a large sample of Besnian children and adolescents exposed to war, and assessed risk and protective factors (some of which are specific to these critical developmental stages).
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J Trauma Stress
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Smith, P.1
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27
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Karam A, Karam EG, Zbouni VB, et al. Traumatismes et guerres: prévention psychologique à large echelle en milieu scelaire [in French]. [Trauma and War: large-scale psychological prevention in the school environment]. Stress et Trauma 2002; 2:169-177. The interest of this article lies in its description of a school-based treatment of a large sample of Lebanese school-age children who had been heavily exposed to war.
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Stress et Trauma
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Karam, A.1
Karam, E.G.2
Zbouni, V.B.3
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28
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Les orphelins de la guerre: Expérience libanaise et méthodologie d'un suivi prespectif
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Cordahi C, Karam EG, Nehmeh G, et al. Les orphelins de la guerre: expérience libanaise et méthodologie d'un suivi prespectif [in French]. [War orphans: a prospective follow-up from Lebanon]. Stress et Trauma 2002; 2:227-235. This article discusses the methodology of an intervention program targeted at preventing and improving the mental health condition of a group of Lebanese children that had become orphans after an acute war massacre in a UN compound in Qana, Lebanon.
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Stress et Trauma
, vol.2
, pp. 227-235
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Cordahi, C.1
Karam, E.G.2
Nehmeh, G.3
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29
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Dyregov A, Gjestad R, Raundalen M. Children exposed to warfare: a longitudinal study. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15:59-68. This study highlighted the risk for chronicity of PTSD in children.
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J Trauma Stress
, vol.15
, pp. 59-68
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Dyregov, A.1
Gjestad, R.2
Raundalen, M.3
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30
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Yehuda R. Current concepts: post-traumatic stress disorder. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:108-114. This is a helpful review about PTSD for the general practitioner, including epidemiological, biological, psychological and treatment aspects.
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N Engl J Med
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, pp. 108-114
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Yehuda, R.1
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Pine DS, Cohen JA. Trauma in children and adolescents: risk and treatment of psychiatric sequelae. Biol Psychiatry 2002; 51:519-531. This is a good review of both psychotherapeutic and psychopharmacologic treatment in children exposed to trauma, including specific recommendations for future research, and that by extension gives a hint on war-related trauma.
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Biol Psychiatry
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, pp. 519-531
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Pine, D.S.1
Cohen, J.A.2
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32
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Lamprecht F, Sack M. Posttraumatic stress disorder revisited. Psychosom Med 2002; 64:222-237. This is a very informative review about the history of post-traumatic symptomatology leading to the concept of PTSD, and a systematic and extensive review of publications on psychosomatic medicine. Very helpful in the issues of diagnosis, biologic correlates, predisposing factors, treatment and research directions.
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(2002)
Psychosom Med
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, pp. 222-237
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Lamprecht, F.1
Sack, M.2
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Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma
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Gilbertson MW, Shenton ME, Ciszewski A, et al. Smaller hippocampal volume predicts pathologic vulnerability to psychological trauma. Nat Neurosci 2002; 5:1242-1247. This was a provocative study on predictors of mental health pathology secondary to trauma.
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(2002)
Nat Neurosci
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Gilbertson, M.W.1
Shenton, M.E.2
Ciszewski, A.3
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34
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Pissiota A, Frans Ö, Fernandez M, et al. Neurofunctional correlates of posttraumatic stress disorder: a PET symptom provocation study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 252:68-75. These authors provide a well-written example of provocation studies and positron emission tomography.
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(2002)
Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci
, vol.252
, pp. 68-75
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Pissiota, A.1
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Fernandez, M.3
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35
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Hull AM. Neuroimaging findings in post-traumatic stress disorder. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 181:102-110. This is an excellent updated review of both structural and functional neuroimaging in PTSD.
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Br J Psychiatry
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, pp. 102-110
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Hull, A.M.1
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36
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Hull AM, Alexander DA, Klein S. Survivors of the Piper Alpha oil platform disaster: long-term follow-up study. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 181:433-438.
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Br J Psychiatry
, vol.181
, pp. 433-438
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Hull, A.M.1
Alexander, D.A.2
Klein, S.3
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37
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Increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Manhattan, New York, residents after the September 11th terrorist attacks
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Vlahov D, Galea S, Resnick H. Increased use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana among Manhattan, New York, residents after the September 11th terrorist attacks. Am J Epidemiol 2002; 1555:988-996.
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Am J Epidemiol
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Vlahov, D.1
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Resnick, H.3
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38
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June 24-27; Cardiff, UK
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Karam EG, Cordahi C, Mneimneh Z, et al. Impact of war on psychiatric service provision and policy. Presented at the Royal College of Psychiatrists' Annual Meeting; June 24-27, 2002; Cardiff, UK. Depression after exposure to war was predicted by previous levels of depression, and by objective measures of war exposure.
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Royal College of Psychiatrists' Annual Meeting
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Karam, E.G.1
Cordahi, C.2
Mneimneh, Z.3
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39
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Prevalence of depression in rural Rwanda based on symptom and functional criteria
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Bolton P, Neugebauer R, Ndogoni L. Prevalence of depression in rural Rwanda based on symptom and functional criteria. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190:631-637.
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J Nerv Ment Dis
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Bolton, P.1
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Ndogoni, L.3
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40
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Predictors of posttraumatic stress in civilians 1 year after air attacks: A study of Yugoslavian students
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Gavrilovic J, Lecic-Tosevski D, Knezevic G, Priebe S. Predictors of posttraumatic stress in civilians 1 year after air attacks: a study of Yugoslavian students. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190:257-262. Despite its limitations (a highly selected sample: medical students assessed only through self-reports), this study is interesting in its analysis of the effects of the distress produced by a specific war stressor (air raids).
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(2002)
J Nerv Ment Dis
, vol.190
, pp. 257-262
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Gavrilovic, J.1
Lecic-Tosevski, D.2
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41
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Psychiatric effects of traumatic brain injury events in Cambodian survivors of mass violence
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Mollica RF, Henderson DC, Tor S. Psychiatric effects of traumatic brain injury events in Cambodian survivors of mass violence. Br J Psychiatry 2002; 181:339-347. The interest of this article lies in its analysis of the differential effect of specific war stressers, and in particular traumatic brain injury.
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(2002)
Br J Psychiatry
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, pp. 339-347
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Mollica, R.F.1
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42
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Miller KE, Weine SM, Ramic A, et al. The relative contribution of war experiences and exile-related stressers to levels of psychological distress among Bosnian refugees. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15:377-387. The article is useful in addressing the fact that refugees experience further stressors in addition to their previous exposure to war trauma.
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J Trauma Stress
, vol.15
, pp. 377-387
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Miller, K.E.1
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43
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Davidson JRT. Surviving disaster: what comes after the trauma? Br J Psychiatry 2002; 181:365-368.
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Br J Psychiatry
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Davidson, J.R.T.1
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Ford J. Disorders of extreme stress following war-zone military trauma: associated features of post-traumatic stress disorder or comorbid but distinct syndromes? J Consult Clin Psychol 1999; 67:3-12.
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J Consult Clin Psychol
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Ford, J.1
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The relationship between somatic and PTSD symptoms among Bhutanese refugee torture survivors: Examination of cemerbidity with anxiety and depression
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Van Ommeren M, Sharma B, Sharma GK, et al. The relationship between somatic and PTSD symptoms among Bhutanese refugee torture survivors: examination of cemerbidity with anxiety and depression. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15:415-421. This was one of the few studies that assessed the relationship of somatic complaints and PTSD in civilians during 2002.
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J Trauma Stress
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Van Ommeren, M.1
Sharma, B.2
Sharma, G.K.3
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De Vries M, Soetekouw PM, Van der Meer JW, Bleijenberg G. The role of post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms in fatigued Cambodian veterans. Mil Med 2002; 167:790-794.
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De Vries, M.1
Soetekouw, P.M.2
Van Der Meer, J.W.3
Bleijenberg, G.4
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47
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Barrett DH, Doebbeling CC, Schwartz DA, et al. Posttraumatic stress disorder and self-reported physical health status among U.S. Military personnel serving during the Gulf War period: a population-based study. Psychosomatics 2002; 43:195-205.
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Barrett, D.H.1
Doebbeling, C.C.2
Schwartz, D.A.3
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Steel Z, Silove D, Phan T, Bauman A. Long-term effect of psychological trauma on the mental health of Vietnamese refugees resettled in Australia: a population-based study. Lancet 2002; 360:1056-1062. This is a population-based article on adult Vietnamese refugees in Australia showing that 12% of adults exposed to more than three traumatic events still had mental health disorders assessed through diagnostic structured interviews (CIDI) 10 years after the trauma. The most important individual disorder was PTSD, followed by major depression.
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(2002)
Lancet
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Steel, Z.1
Silove, D.2
Phan, T.3
Bauman, A.4
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49
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Silove D, Steel Z, McGorry P, et al. The impact of torture on post-traumatic stress symptoms in war-affected Tamil refugees and immigrants. Compr Psychiatry 2002; 43:49-55. This highlights that torture is not only a war stressor to look for, but also a potential predictor for more chronic PTSD.
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(2002)
Compr Psychiatry
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, pp. 49-55
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Silove, D.1
Steel, Z.2
McGorry, P.3
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50
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Hermansson AC, Timpka T, Thyberg M. The mental health of war-wounded refugees: an 8-year follow-up. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190:374-380.
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J Nerv Ment Dis
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Hermansson, A.C.1
Timpka, T.2
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Measuring trauma and health status in refugees: A critical review
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Hollifield M, Warner TD, Lian N, et al. Measuring trauma and health status in refugees: a critical review. JAMA 2002; 288:611-621. This is a critical review of the instruments that assess refugee trauma. The authors thoroughly reviewed the published literature and rated each scale on the basis of its psychometric properties and usefulness for assessing refugees.
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(2002)
JAMA
, vol.288
, pp. 611-621
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Hollifield, M.1
Warner, T.D.2
Lian, N.3
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The effects of September 11 on traumatized refugees: Reactivation of posttraumatic stress disorder
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Kinzie JD, Boehnlein JK, Riley C, Sparr L. The effects of September 11 on traumatized refugees: reactivation of posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190:437-441. This article confirms the role of previous exposure to traumatic stress as a predictor of distress in the face of war trauma. It is also a good example of the potential distressing effects of the media in the midst of traumatic events.
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(2002)
J Nerv Ment Dis
, vol.190
, pp. 437-441
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Kinzie, J.D.1
Boehnlein, J.K.2
Riley, C.3
Sparr, L.4
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53
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Mental health issues of peacekeeping workers
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Shigemura J, Nomura S. Mental health issues of peacekeeping workers. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2002; 56: 483-491. This is a useful review on the psychological consequences of war on a frequently forgotten group: peacekeepers.
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Psychiatry Clin Neurosci
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, pp. 483-491
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Shigemura, J.1
Nomura, S.2
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Calhoun PS, Beckham JC, Borsworth HB. Caregiver burden and psychological distress in partners of veterans with chronic posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15:205-212. This article shows that civilians can also be indirectly affected by war, when they are burdened by psychiatric impairments suffered by their war-traumatized partners.
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(2002)
J Trauma Stress
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, pp. 205-212
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Calhoun, P.S.1
Beckham, J.C.2
Borsworth, H.B.3
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Feinstein A, Owen J, Blair N. A hazardous profession: war, journalists, and psychopathology. Am J Psychiatry 2002; 159:1570-1575. This article assesses the mental health status (and the possible predisposing factors) of journalists that had reported on war as compared with journalists who had never reported on war.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Feinstein, A.1
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Somatic symptoms in Gulf War mortuary workers
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McCarroll JE, Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, et al. Somatic symptoms in Gulf War mortuary workers. Psychosom Med 2002; 64:29-33. Although this article talks about military personnel, the findings may well apply to peacekeepers or disaster workers during war: body handlers are at risk for PTSD and unexplained somatic complaints.
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Psychosom Med
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, pp. 29-33
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McCarroll, J.E.1
Ursano, R.J.2
Fullerton, C.S.3
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Mc Carrol JE, Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS. Symptoms of PTSD following recovery of war dead: 13-15-month follow-up. Am J Psychiatry 1995; 152:939-941.
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Mc Carrol, J.E.1
Ursano, R.J.2
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McCarroll JE, Fullerton CS, Ursano RJ, Hermsen JM. Post-traumatic stress symptoms following forensic dental identification: Mt. Carmel, Waco, Texas. Am J Psychiatry 1996; 153:778-782.
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Ursano RJ, Fullerton CS, Vance K, Kao TC. Posttraumatic stress disorder and identification in disaster workers. Am J Psychiatry 1999; 156:353-359.
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Am J Psychiatry
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Ursano, R.J.1
Fullerton, C.S.2
Vance, K.3
Kao, T.C.4
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60
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Predictors of posttraumatic stress reactions in Norwegian UN peacekeepers 7 years after service
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Mehlun L, Weisth L. Predictors of posttraumatic stress reactions in Norwegian UN peacekeepers 7 years after service. J Trauma Stress 2002; 15:17-26. A good study of PTSD-related dysfunction in peacekeepers.
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J Trauma Stress
, vol.15
, pp. 17-26
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Mehlun, L.1
Weisth, L.2
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61
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0037240116
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The health effects of peace-keeping in the UK Armed Forces: Bosnia 1992-1996. Predictors of psychological symptoms
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Hotopf M, David AS, Hull L, et al. The health effects of peace-keeping in the UK Armed Forces: Bosnia 1992-1996. Predictors of psychological symptoms. Psychol Med 2003; 33:155-162. In this interesting study the authors focused on peacekeepers (UK Armed Forces in Bosnia), finding that previous deployment was not protective and that negative outcomes (GHQ, 'Stress Syndrome') were predicted by younger age, lower rank and deployment-related exposure. A follow-up study of this cohort is under way.
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(2003)
Psychol Med
, vol.33
, pp. 155-162
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Hotopf, M.1
David, A.S.2
Hull, L.3
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62
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0037249752
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Domestic violence and deployment in US army soldiers
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McCarroll JE, Ursano RJ, Newby JH, et al. Domestic violence and deployment in US army soldiers. J Nerv Ment Dis 2003; 191:3-9. This study explored the risk factors for post-deployment domestic violence in veterans upon their return home. Unlike other studies, an association between deployment and domestic violence was not found; other factors seem to be associated to the incidence of domestic violence among veterans.
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(2003)
J Nerv Ment Dis
, vol.191
, pp. 3-9
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McCarroll, J.E.1
Ursano, R.J.2
Newby, J.H.3
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63
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0036721440
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The psychological effects of a Lifestyle Management course on war veterans and their spouses
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Devilly GJ. The psychological effects of a Lifestyle Management course on war veterans and their spouses. J Clin Psychology 2002; 58:1119-1134.
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(2002)
J Clin Psychology
, vol.58
, pp. 1119-1134
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Devilly, G.J.1
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64
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Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: A meta-analysis
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Ozer EJ, Best SB, Lipsey TL, Weiss DS. Predictors of posttraumatic stress disorder and symptoms in adults: a meta-analysis. Psychol Bull 2003; 129:52-73. This is an important meta-analysis of PTSD predictors including 68 studies from 1980 to 2000 meeting specific inclusion criteria (e.g. adults, use of quantitative methods, presence of predictors, etc.); peritraumatic dissociation was found to have the largest effect size of all other predictors.
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(2003)
Psychol Bull
, vol.129
, pp. 52-73
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Ozer, E.J.1
Best, S.B.2
Lipsey, T.L.3
Weiss, D.S.4
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65
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0037187907
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Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York city
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Galea S, Ahern J, Resnick H, et al. Psychological sequelae of the September 11 terrorist attacks in New York city. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:982-987. This shows the role of early markers of future psychopathology after war trauma, and in particular the role of during-event panic attacks.
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(2002)
N Engl J Med
, vol.346
, pp. 982-987
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Galea, S.1
Ahern, J.2
Resnick, H.3
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66
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0036956505
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Television images and psychological symptoms after the September 11 terrorist attacks
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Ahern J, Galea S, Resnick H, et al. Television images and psychological symptoms after the September 11 terrorist attacks. Psychiatry 2002; 65:289-303.
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(2002)
Psychiatry
, vol.65
, pp. 289-303
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Ahern, J.1
Galea, S.2
Resnick, H.3
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67
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0036150595
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Retraumatization of Israeli civilians during a reactivation of the Gulf War threat
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Toren P, Wolmer L, Weizman R, et al. Retraumatization of Israeli civilians during a reactivation of the Gulf War threat. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190:43-45. This study highlighted the importance of retraumatization, suggesting that the threat of recurrent trauma might be enough to re-elicit traumatic symptomatology.
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(2002)
J Nerv Ment Dis
, vol.190
, pp. 43-45
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Toren, P.1
Wolmer, L.2
Weizman, R.3
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68
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0036172106
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Secondary traumatization in Dutch couples of World War II survivors
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Bramsen I, Van der Ploeg HM, Twisk JW. Secondary traumatization in Dutch couples of World War II survivors. J Consult Clin Psychol 2002; 70:241-245. The article points out to the role of the spouse's psychiatric status (particularly PTSD) as a predictor of chronic post-traumatic reactions (as late as 50 years after the end of the war) in civilians exposed to war trauma.
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(2002)
J Consult Clin Psychol
, vol.70
, pp. 241-245
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Bramsen, I.1
Van Der Ploeg, H.M.2
Twisk, J.W.3
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69
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0036249851
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Gender differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder
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Breslau N. Gender differences in trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Gend Specif Med 2002; 5:34-40 This article does not address specifically war but yet addresses sex (female) as a risk factor for PTSD, evaluating gender-related differences on the course and the burden of the disorder.
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(2002)
J Gend Specif Med
, vol.5
, pp. 34-40
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Breslau, N.1
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70
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Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population
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Helzer JE, Robins LN, Mc Evoy L. Post-traumatic stress disorder in the general population. N Engl J Med 1987; 317:1630-1634.
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N Engl J Med
, vol.317
, pp. 1630-1634
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Helzer, J.E.1
Robins, L.N.2
Mc Evoy, L.3
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71
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0036229260
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A twin registry study of familial and individual risk factors for trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder
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Koenen KC, Harley R, Lyons MJ, et al. A twin registry study of familial and individual risk factors for trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder. J Nerv Ment Dis 2002; 190:209-218. Although not including civilians, this twin study is useful in highlighting risk factors for exposure to war trauma (including genetic factors), and the role of family psychopathology as a risk factor for PTSD.
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(2002)
J Nerv Ment Dis
, vol.190
, pp. 209-218
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Koenen, K.C.1
Harley, R.2
Lyons, M.J.3
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72
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0036220445
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Psychiatric help to psychotraumatized persons during and after war in Croatia
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Kozaric-Kovacic D, Kocijan-Hercigonja D, Jambrosic A. Psychiatric help to psychotraumatized persons during and after war in Croatia. Croat Med J 2002; 43:221-228. The article describes a national plan to address the public health crisis experienced by Croatia after the war, through a hierarchical model of intervention covering the different levels of help and the national coordination necessary for the program to be effective.
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(2002)
Croat Med J
, vol.43
, pp. 221-228
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Kozaric-Kovacic, D.1
Kocijan-Hercigonja, D.2
Jambrosic, A.3
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73
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0036673618
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Best practices: Terrorism and mental health: Private-sector responses and issues for policy makers
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Goldman W. Best practices: terrorism and mental health: private-sector responses and issues for policy makers. Psychiatr Serv 2002; 53:941-943. This presents a discussion of the ways in which both private and public institutions may face the devastating effects of terrorism on the mental health of the community.
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(2002)
Psychiatr Serv
, vol.53
, pp. 941-943
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Goldman, W.1
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74
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0036673174
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Medical ethics in peace and in the armed conflict
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Shapowal AG, Baer H-U. Medical ethics in peace and in the armed conflict. Mil Med 2002; 167 (Suppl 8):26-31. This article points to the importance of delineating war-specific medical ethics that take into consideration the emergency situation, as well as the political interests (and consequent potential for discrimination) involved in war.
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(2002)
Mil Med
, vol.167
, Issue.8 SUPPL.
, pp. 26-31
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Shapowal, A.G.1
Baer, H.-U.2
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75
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Post-war versus post-9/11. Challenges for psychiatric nurses
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Smoyak SA. Post-war versus post-9/11. Challenges for psychiatric nurses. J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv 2002; 40:6-8. This article addresses the role of psychiatric nurses in emergency situations, and the need for their services after catastrophes such as the September 11 events in the US.
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(2002)
J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv
, vol.40
, pp. 6-8
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Smoyak, S.A.1
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76
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A public health approach to the needs of children affected by terrorism
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Baker DR. A public health approach to the needs of children affected by terrorism. J Am Med Womens Assoc 2002; 57:117-118, 121.
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(2002)
J Am Med Womens Assoc
, vol.57
, pp. 117-118
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Baker, D.R.1
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77
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0036102127
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Fluoxetine versus placebo in posttraumatic stress disorder
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Martenyi F, Brown EB, Zhang H, et al. Fluoxetine versus placebo in posttraumatic stress disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2002; 63:199-206. The interest of this article lies in its use of a cross-national sample of civilians and veterans in order to assess the effectiveness of a specific treatment for PTSD.
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(2002)
J Clin Psychiatry
, vol.63
, pp. 199-206
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Martenyi, F.1
Brown, E.B.2
Zhang, H.3
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78
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0036794843
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Fluoxetine versus placebo in prevention of relapse in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
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Martenyi F, Brown EB, Zhang H, et al. Fluoxetine versus placebo in prevention of relapse in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Brit J Psychiatry 2002; 181:315-320.
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(2002)
Brit J Psychiatry
, vol.181
, pp. 315-320
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Martenyi, F.1
Brown, E.B.2
Zhang, H.3
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79
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Single-session debriefing after psychological trauma: A meta-analysis
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Van Emmerik AAP, Kamphuis JH, Hulsbosch AM, Emmelkamp PMG. Single-session debriefing after psychological trauma: a meta-analysis. Lancet 2002; 360:766-771. This is a meta-analysis on single-session critical incident stress debriefing (CISD) done within 1 month of the traumatic event and including studies published since 1967; seven studies were selected for the final analysis. CISD did not improve natural recovery after trauma, and could eventually have a detrimental effect on PTSD and other symptoms.
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(2002)
Lancet
, vol.360
, pp. 766-771
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Van Emmerik, A.A.P.1
Kamphuis, J.H.2
Hulsbosch, A.M.3
Emmelkamp, P.M.G.4
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80
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Oxford: Update Software
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Rose S, Bisson J, Wessely S. Psychological debriefing for preventing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [review] In: The Cochrane Library. Issue 1; 2003. Oxford: Update Software. This is a very useful meta-analysis, with an update of a previous Cochrane review on the issue of single-session psychological debriefing. Traumatic events included obstetric labor and traffic accidents, but none was related to war.
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(2003)
The Cochrane Library
, Issue.1
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Rose, S.1
Bisson, J.2
Wessely, S.3
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