The mer receptor tyrosine kinase: Expression and function suggest a role in innate immunity

European Journal of Immunology

Volumn 33, Issue 8, 2003, Pages 2160-2167

  Behrens, Edwards M ^a   Gadue, Paul ^a   Gong, Shun You ^a   Garrett, Stacey ^a   Stein, Paul L ^a   Cohen, Philip L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Apoptosis; Autoimmunity; Innate immunity; Kinase; Phagocytosis

Indexed keywords

CYTOKINE; GALACTOSYLCERAMIDE; LIPID; MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY; PROTEIN MER; T LYMPHOCYTE ANTIGEN; TYROSINE KINASE RECEPTOR; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ANTIGEN BINDING; APOPTOSIS; ARTICLE; CELLULAR IMMUNITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOKINE PRODUCTION; DENDRITIC CELL; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IN VIVO STUDY; MACROPHAGE; MOUSE; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NONHUMAN; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DEFICIENCY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; PROTEIN FUNCTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; SPLEEN CELL; T LYMPHOCYTE; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION;

ANIMALS; APOPTOSIS; DENDRITIC CELLS; IMMUNITY, NATURAL; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY; INTERFERON TYPE II; INTERLEUKIN-4; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; LYMPHOCYTES; MACROPHAGES; MICE; MICE, INBRED C57BL; MICE, KNOCKOUT; PHAGOCYTOSIS; PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS; RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES; T-LYMPHOCYTE SUBSETS;

EID: 0041474715     PISSN: 00142980     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/eji.200324076     Document Type: Article

References (16)

1. Scott, R. S., McMahon, E. J., Pop, S. M., Reap, E. A., Caricchio, R., Cohen, P. L., Earp, H. S. and Matsushima, G. K., Phagocytosis and clearance of apoptotic cells is mediated by MER. Nature 2001. 411: 207-211.
2. Camenisch, T. D., Koller, B. H., Earp, H. S. and Matsushima, G. K., A novel receptor tyrosine kinase, Mer, inhibits TNF-α production and lipopolysaccharide-induced endotoxic shock. J. Immunol. 1999. 162: 3498-3503.
3. Cohen, P. L., Caricchio, R., Abraham, V., Camenisch, T. D., Jennette, J. C., Roubey, R. A., Earp, H. S., Matsushima, G. and Reap, E. A., Delayed apoptotic cell clearance and lupus-like autoimmunity in mice lacking the c-mer membrane tyrosine kinase. J. Exp. Med. 2002. 196: 135-140.
4. Guttridge, K. L., Luft, J. C., Dawson, T. L., Kozlowska, E., Mahajan, N. P., Varnum, B. and Earp, H. S., Mer receptor tyrosine kinase signaling: prevention of apoptosis and alteration of cytoskeletal architecture without stimulation or proliferation. J. Biol. Chem. 2002. 277: 24057-24066.
5. Graham, D. K., Bowman, G. W., Dawson, T. L., Stanford, W. L., Earp, H. S. and Snodgrass, H. R., Cloning and developmental expression analysis of the murine c-mer tyrosine kinase. Oncogene 1995. 10: 2349-2359.
6. Hess, K. L., Babcock, G. F., Askew, D. S. and Cook-Mills, J. M., A novel flow cytometric method for quantifying phagocytosis of apoptotic cells. Cytometry 1997. 27: 145-152.
7. Ronchetti, A., Rovere, P., Iezzi, G., Galati, G., Heltai, S., Protti, M. P., Garancini, M. P., Manfredi, A. A., Rugarli, C. and Bellone, M., Immunogenicity of apoptotic cells in vivo: role of antigen load, antigen-presenting cells, and cytokines. J. Immunol. 1999. 163: 130-136.
8. Albert, M. L., Pearce, S. F., Francisco, L. M., Sauter, B., Roy, P., Silverstein, R. L. and Bhardwaj, N., Immature dendritic cells phagocytose apoptotic cells via αvβ5 and CD36, and cross-present antigens to cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 1998. 188: 1359-1368.
9. Kawano, T., Cui, J., Koezuka, Y., Toura, I., Kaneko, Y., Motoki, K., Ueno, H., Nakagawa, R., Sato, H., Kondo, E., Koseki, H. and Taniguchi, M., CD1d-restricted and TCR-mediated activation of vα14 NKT cells by glycosylceramides. Science 1997. 278: 1626-1629.
10. Tomura, M., Yu, W. G., Ahn, H. J., Yamashita, M., Yang, Y. F., Ono, S., Hamaoka, T., Kawano, T., Taniguchi, M., Koezuka, Y. and Fujiwara, H., A novel function of Vα14+CD4+NKT cells: stimulation of IL-12 production by antigen-presenting cells in the innate immune system. J. Immunol. 1999. 163: 93-101.
11. Albert, M. L., Sauter, B. and Bhardwaj, N., Dendritic cells acquire antigen from apoptotic cells and induce class I-restricted CTLs. Nature 1998. 392: 86-89.
12. Sharif, S., Arreaza, G. A., Zucker, P. et al., Activation of natural killer T cells by α-galactosylceramide treatment prevents the onset and recurrence of autoimmune Type 1 diabetes. Nat. Med. 2001. 7: 1057-1062.
13. Singh, A. K., Wilson, M. T., Hong, S., Olivares-Villagomez, D., Du, C., Stanic, A. K., Joyce, S., Sriram, S., Koezuka, Y. and Van Kaer, L., Natural killer T cell activation protects mice against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J. Exp. Med. 2001. 194: 1801-1811.
14. Sonoda, K. H., Exley, M., Snapper, S., Balk, S. P. and Stein-Streilein, J., CD1-reactive natural killer T cells are required for development of systemic tolerance through an immune-privileged site. J. Exp. Med. 1999. 190: 1215-1226.
15. Telford, W. G., King, L. E. and Fraker, P. J., Rapid quantitation of apoptosis in pure and heterogeneous cell populations using flow cytometry. J. Immunol. Methods 1994. 172: 1-16.
16. Gadue, P, and Stein, P.L. NK T cell precursors exhibit differential cytokine regulation and require ltk for efficient maturation. J. Immunol. 2002. 169: 2397-2406.