메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 64, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 777-787

Stewart and beyond: New models of acid-base balance

Author keywords

Acid base; Base excess; Ion equilibrium; Stewart theory; Strong ion difference

Indexed keywords

CARBON DIOXIDE; CARBONIC ACID; HEMOGLOBIN; WATER;

EID: 0041429627     PISSN: 00852538     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1523-1755.2003.00177.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (171)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0008694692 scopus 로고
    • Das Gleichgewicht zwischen Basen Und Sauren im Tierischen Organismus
    • HENDERSON JL: Das Gleichgewicht zwischen Basen Und Sauren im Tierischen Organismus. Ergebn Physiol 8:254, 1909
    • (1909) Ergebn Physiol , vol.8 , pp. 254
    • Henderson, J.L.1
  • 2
    • 0022139533 scopus 로고
    • History of blood gas analysis. II. pH and acid-base balance measurements
    • SEVERINGHAUS JW: History of blood gas analysis. II. pH and acid-base balance measurements. J Clin Monit 4:259-277, 1985
    • (1985) J Clin Monit , vol.4 , pp. 259-277
    • Severinghaus, J.W.1
  • 4
    • 0021068090 scopus 로고
    • Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry
    • STEWART PA: Modern quantitative acid-base chemistry. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 61:1444-1461, 1983
    • (1983) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.61 , pp. 1444-1461
    • Stewart, P.A.1
  • 5
    • 84995195182 scopus 로고
    • Base excess or buffer base (strong ion difference) as measure of a non-respiratory acid-base disturbance
    • SIGGAARD-ANDERSEN O, FOGH-ANDERSEN N: Base excess or buffer base (strong ion difference) as measure of a non-respiratory acid-base disturbance. Acta Aneasth Scand (Suppl 107):123-128, 1995
    • (1995) Acta Aneasth Scand , Issue.107 SUPPL. , pp. 123-128
    • Siggaard-Andersen, O.1    Fogh-Andersen, N.2
  • 6
    • 0032929638 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analytic calculation of physiological acid-base parameters
    • WOOTEN EW: Analytic calculation of physiological acid-base parameters. J Appl Physiol 86:326-334, 1999
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.86 , pp. 326-334
    • Wooten, E.W.1
  • 7
    • 0000502387 scopus 로고
    • Die Neutralitatsregulation des graviden Ogranismus
    • HASSELBALCH KA, GAMMELTOFT A: Die Neutralitatsregulation des graviden Ogranismus. Biochem Z 68:206, 1915
    • (1915) Biochem Z , vol.68 , pp. 206
    • Hasselbalch, K.A.1    Gammeltoft, A.2
  • 8
    • 0042406493 scopus 로고
    • Die 'Redizierte' und die 'Regulierte' Wassertoffzahl des Blutes
    • HASSELBALCH KA: Die 'Redizierte' und die 'Regulierte' Wassertoffzahl des Blutes. Biochem Z 74:56, 1918
    • (1918) Biochem Z , vol.74 , pp. 56
    • Hasselbalch, K.A.1
  • 9
    • 12444268465 scopus 로고
    • A survey of the history of the acid-base field
    • edited by Winters RW, Boston, Little, Brown and Company
    • VAN SLYKE DD: A survey of the history of the acid-base field, in The Body Fluids in Pediatrics, edited by WINTERS RW, Boston, Little, Brown and Company, 1973, pp 3-22
    • (1973) The Body Fluids in Pediatrics , pp. 3-22
    • Van Slyke, D.D.1
  • 10
    • 12444318734 scopus 로고
    • Studies of acidosis: II. A method for the determination of carbon dioxide and carbonates in solution
    • VAN SLYKE DD: Studies of acidosis: II. A method for the determination of carbon dioxide and carbonates in solution. J Biol Chem 30:347-368, 1917
    • (1917) J Biol Chem , vol.30 , pp. 347-368
    • Van Slyke, D.D.1
  • 11
    • 0000337808 scopus 로고
    • The determination of gases in blood and other solutions by vacuum extraction and manometric measurements
    • VAN SLYKE DD, NEILL JM: The determination of gases in blood and other solutions by vacuum extraction and manometric measurements. Int J Biol Chem 61:523-573, 1924
    • (1924) Int J Biol Chem , vol.61 , pp. 523-573
    • Van Slyke, D.D.1    Neill, J.M.2
  • 12
    • 0041506717 scopus 로고
    • Studies of acidosis: XVII. The normal and abnormal variations in the acid base balance of the blood
    • VAN SLYKE DD: Studies of acidosis: XVII. The normal and abnormal variations in the acid base balance of the blood. J Biol Chem 48:153-176, 1921
    • (1921) J Biol Chem , vol.48 , pp. 153-176
    • Van Slyke, D.D.1
  • 14
    • 0013898033 scopus 로고
    • Current concepts of acid-base measurements
    • VAN SLYKE DD: Current concepts of acid-base measurements. Ann N Y Acad Sci 133:90-116, 1966
    • (1966) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.133 , pp. 90-116
    • Van Slyke, D.D.1
  • 15
    • 0041905222 scopus 로고
    • Sendroy: Studies of gas and electrolyte equilibria in blood: XV. Line charts for graphic calculations by Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and for calculating plasma carbon dioxide content from whole blood content
    • VAN SLYKE DD: Sendroy: Studies of gas and electrolyte equilibria in blood: XV. Line charts for graphic calculations by Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and for calculating plasma carbon dioxide content from whole blood content. J Biol Chem 79:781-798, 1928
    • (1928) J Biol Chem , vol.79 , pp. 781-798
    • Van Slyke, D.D.1
  • 17
    • 0041404120 scopus 로고
    • Standard bicarbonate, its clinical significance and a new method for its determination
    • JORGENSEN K, ASTRUP P: Standard bicarbonate, its clinical significance and a new method for its determination. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 9:122-132, 1957
    • (1957) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.9 , pp. 122-132
    • Jorgensen, K.1    Astrup, P.2
  • 18
    • 0000680229 scopus 로고
    • The quantitative determination of surplus amounts of acid or base in the human body
    • MELLEMGAARD K, ASTRUP P: The quantitative determination of surplus amounts of acid or base in the human body. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 12:187, 1960
    • (1960) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.12 , pp. 187
    • Mellemgaard, K.1    Astrup, P.2
  • 19
    • 50549169055 scopus 로고
    • The acid-base metabolism. A new approach
    • ASTRUP P, JORGENSEN K, ANDERSEN OS, et al: The acid-base metabolism. A new approach. Lancet 1:1035-1039, 1960
    • (1960) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 1035-1039
    • Astrup, P.1    Jorgensen, K.2    Andersen, O.S.3
  • 20
    • 0041905225 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base disorders
    • ASTRUP P: Acid-base disorders. N Engl J Med 269:817, 1963
    • (1963) N Engl J Med , vol.269 , pp. 817
    • Astrup, P.1
  • 21
    • 0001127050 scopus 로고
    • Improved clinical method for estimation of disturbances of acid-base balance of human blood
    • SINGER RB, HASTINGS AB: Improved clinical method for estimation of disturbances of acid-base balance of human blood. Medicine (Baltimore) 27:223-242, 1948
    • (1948) Medicine (Baltimore) , vol.27 , pp. 223-242
    • Singer, R.B.1    Hastings, A.B.2
  • 22
    • 0001458005 scopus 로고
    • A new acid-base nomogram, an improved method for calculation of the relevant blood acid-base data
    • SIGGAARD-ANDERSEN O, ENGEL K: A new acid-base nomogram, an improved method for calculation of the relevant blood acid-base data. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 12:177-186, 1960
    • (1960) Scand J Clin Lab Invest , vol.12 , pp. 177-186
    • Siggaard-Andersen, O.1    Engel, K.2
  • 24
    • 0017117914 scopus 로고
    • An in-vivo representation of acid-base balance
    • GROGONO AW, BYLES PH, HAWKE W: An in-vivo representation of acid-base balance. Lancet 1(7984):499-500, 1976
    • (1976) Lancet , vol.1 , Issue.7984 , pp. 499-500
    • Grogono, A.W.1    Byles, P.H.2    Hawke, W.3
  • 25
    • 78651132608 scopus 로고
    • A critique of the parameters used in the evaluation of acid-base disorders. "Whole-blood buffer base" and "standard bicarbonate" compared with blood pH and plasma bicarbonate concentration
    • SCHWARTZ WB, RELMAN A: A critique of the parameters used in the evaluation of acid-base disorders. "Whole-blood buffer base" and "standard bicarbonate" compared with blood pH and plasma bicarbonate concentration. N Engl J Med 268:1382-1388, 1963
    • (1963) N Engl J Med , vol.268 , pp. 1382-1388
    • Schwartz, W.B.1    Relman, A.2
  • 28
    • 0030875005 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simplified strong ion model for acid-base equilibria: Application to horse plasma
    • CONSTABLE PD: A simplified strong ion model for acid-base equilibria: Application to horse plasma. J Appl Physiol 83:297-311, 1997
    • (1997) J Appl Physiol , vol.83 , pp. 297-311
    • Constable, P.D.1
  • 29
    • 0018834149 scopus 로고
    • The buffer value of weak acids and base: Origin of the concept, and first mathematical derivation and application to physico-chemical systems. The work of M. Koppel and K. Sprio (1914)
    • ROOS A, BORON WF: The buffer value of weak acids and base: Origin of the concept, and first mathematical derivation and application to physico-chemical systems. The work of M. Koppel and K. Sprio (1914). Respir Physiol 40:1-32, 1980
    • (1980) Respir Physiol , vol.40 , pp. 1-32
    • Roos, A.1    Boron, W.F.2
  • 30
    • 0033037401 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stewart's strong ion difference approach to acid-base analysis
    • MORFEI J: Stewart's strong ion difference approach to acid-base analysis. Respir Care 44:45-52, 1999
    • (1999) Respir Care , vol.44 , pp. 45-52
    • Morfei, J.1
  • 31
    • 0028024670 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base regulation: A comparison of quantitative methods
    • KOWALCHUK JM, SCHEUERMANN BW: Acid-base regulation: A comparison of quantitative methods. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 72:818-826, 1994
    • (1994) Can J Physiol Pharmacol , vol.72 , pp. 818-826
    • Kowalchuk, J.M.1    Scheuermann, B.W.2
  • 32
    • 0031923523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic acidosis in the critically ill: Lessons from physical chemistry
    • KELLUM JA: Metabolic acidosis in the critically ill: Lessons from physical chemistry. Kidney Int 53(Suppl 66):S81-S86, 1998
    • (1998) Kidney Int , vol.53 , Issue.66 SUPPL.
    • Kellum, J.A.1
  • 33
    • 0033995328 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of blood pH in health and disease
    • KELLUM JA: Determinants of blood pH in health and disease. Crit Care 4:6-14, 2000
    • (2000) Crit Care , vol.4 , pp. 6-14
    • Kellum, J.A.1
  • 34
    • 0034524383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of metabolic acid-base disturbances in critically ill patients
    • FENCL V, JABOR A, KAZDA A, FIGGE J: Diagnosis of metabolic acid-base disturbances in critically ill patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 162:2246-2251, 2000
    • (2000) Am J Respir Crit Care Med , vol.162 , pp. 2246-2251
    • Fencl, V.1    Jabor, A.2    Kazda, A.3    Figge, J.4
  • 35
    • 0025373228 scopus 로고
    • A quantitative physciochemical approach to acid-base physiology
    • JONES NL: A quantitative physciochemical approach to acid-base physiology. Clin Biochem 23:89-95, 1990
    • (1990) Clin Biochem , vol.23 , pp. 89-95
    • Jones, N.L.1
  • 36
    • 0027390447 scopus 로고
    • Stewart's quantitative acid-base chemistry: Applications in biology and medicine
    • FENCL V, LEITH DE: Stewart's quantitative acid-base chemistry: Applications in biology and medicine. Resp Physiol 91:1-16, 1993
    • (1993) Resp Physiol , vol.91 , pp. 1-16
    • Fencl, V.1    Leith, D.E.2
  • 37
    • 0002036605 scopus 로고
    • Sur la décomposition de l'eau et des corps qu'elle tient en dissolution à l'aide de l'électricité galvanique
    • DE GROTTHUSS CJT: Sur la décomposition de l'eau et des corps qu'elle tient en dissolution à l'aide de l'électricité galvanique. Ann Chim LVIII:54-74, 1806
    • (1806) Ann Chim , vol.58 , pp. 54-74
    • De Grotthuss, C.J.T.1
  • 38
    • 0028999046 scopus 로고
    • Sticky ions in biological systems
    • COLLINS KD: Sticky ions in biological systems. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 92:5553-5557, 1995
    • (1995) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.92 , pp. 5553-5557
    • Collins, K.D.1
  • 39
    • 0002619244 scopus 로고
    • Effect of high-salt concentrations on water-structure
    • LEBERMAN R, SOPER AK: Effect of high-salt concentrations on water-structure. Nature 378:364-366, 1995
    • (1995) Nature , vol.378 , pp. 364-366
    • Leberman, R.1    Soper, A.K.2
  • 40
    • 33748634058 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the size dependence of hydrophobic hydration
    • GRAZIANO G: On the size dependence of hydrophobic hydration. J Chem Soc Faraday Trans 94:3345-3352, 1998
    • (1998) J Chem Soc Faraday Trans , vol.94 , pp. 3345-3352
    • Graziano, G.1
  • 41
    • 0035899736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Properties of water solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes
    • ZAVITSAS A: Properties of water solutions of electrolytes and non-electrolytes. J Phys Chem B 105:7805-7815, 2001
    • (2001) J Phys Chem B , vol.105 , pp. 7805-7815
    • Zavitsas, A.1
  • 42
    • 0037182850 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nature and transport mechanism of hydrated hydroxide ion in aqueous solution
    • TUCKERMAN ME, MARX D, PARRINELLO M: The nature and transport mechanism of hydrated hydroxide ion in aqueous solution. Nature 417:925-928, 2002
    • (2002) Nature , vol.417 , pp. 925-928
    • Tuckerman, M.E.1    Marx, D.2    Parrinello, M.3
  • 44
    • 0033987229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A proposal for the structuring of water
    • CHAPLIN MF: A proposal for the structuring of water. Biophys Chem 83:211-221, 2000
    • (2000) Biophys Chem , vol.83 , pp. 211-221
    • Chaplin, M.F.1
  • 45
    • 85031085344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http: sbu.ac.ulc/water/index.html
  • 46
    • 0025913301 scopus 로고
    • The role of serum proteins in acid-base equilibria
    • FIGGE J, ROSSING TH, FENCL V: The role of serum proteins in acid-base equilibria. J Lab Clin Med 117:453-467, 1991
    • (1991) J Lab Clin Med , vol.117 , pp. 453-467
    • Figge, J.1    Rossing, T.H.2    Fencl, V.3
  • 47
    • 0026476264 scopus 로고
    • Serum proteins and acid-base equilibria: A follow-up
    • FIGGE J, MYDOSH T, FENCL V: Serum proteins and acid-base equilibria: A follow-up. J Lab Clin Med 120:713-719, 1992
    • (1992) J Lab Clin Med , vol.120 , pp. 713-719
    • Figge, J.1    Mydosh, T.2    Fencl, V.3
  • 48
    • 0034874119 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Total weak acid concentration and effective dissociation constant of nonvolatile buffers in human plasma
    • CONSTABLE PD: Total weak acid concentration and effective dissociation constant of nonvolatile buffers in human plasma. J Appl Physiol 91:1364-1371, 2001
    • (2001) J Appl Physiol , vol.91 , pp. 1364-1371
    • Constable, P.D.1
  • 49
    • 0036219970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Calculation of variables describing plasma nonvolatile weak acids for use in the strong ion approach to acid-base in cattle
    • CONSTABLE PD: Calculation of variables describing plasma nonvolatile weak acids for use in the strong ion approach to acid-base in cattle. Am J Vet Res 63:482-490, 2002
    • (2002) Am J Vet Res , vol.63 , pp. 482-490
    • Constable, P.D.1
  • 51
    • 0022912686 scopus 로고
    • Acid-base effects of altering plasma protein concentration in human blood in vitro
    • ROSSING TH, MAFFEO N, FENCL V: Acid-base effects of altering plasma protein concentration in human blood in vitro. J Appl Physiol 61:2260-2265, 1986
    • (1986) J Appl Physiol , vol.61 , pp. 2260-2265
    • Rossing, T.H.1    Maffeo, N.2    Fencl, V.3
  • 53
    • 0031965873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypoproteinemia strong ion difference, and acid-base status in critically ill patients
    • WILKES P: Hypoproteinemia, strong ion difference, and acid-base status in critically ill patients. J Appl Physiol 84:1740-1748, 1998
    • (1998) J Appl Physiol , vol.84 , pp. 1740-1748
    • Wilkes, P.1
  • 54
    • 0032938849 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modeling the effects of proteins on pH in plasma
    • WATSON PD: Modeling the effects of proteins on pH in plasma. J Appl Physiol 86:1421-1427, 1999
    • (1999) J Appl Physiol , vol.86 , pp. 1421-1427
    • Watson, P.D.1
  • 55
    • 0033228651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical assessment of acid-base status. Strong ion difference theory
    • CONSTABLE PD: Clinical assessment of acid-base status. Strong ion difference theory. Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract 15:447-472, 1999
    • (1999) Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract , vol.15 , pp. 447-472
    • Constable, P.D.1
  • 56
    • 0033813663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New insight into the pathogenesis of renal tubular acidosis-from functional to molecular studies
    • RODRIGUEZ-SORIANO J: New insight into the pathogenesis of renal tubular acidosis-from functional to molecular studies. Pediatr Nephrol 14:1121-1136, 2000
    • (2000) Pediatr Nephrol , vol.14 , pp. 1121-1136
    • Rodriguez-Soriano, J.1
  • 58
    • 0031065739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cystic fibrosis presenting with hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis in a previously healthy adolescent
    • BATES CM, BAUM M, QUIGLEY R: Cystic fibrosis presenting with hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis in a previously healthy adolescent. J Am Soc Nephrol 8:352-355, 1997
    • (1997) J Am Soc Nephrol , vol.8 , pp. 352-355
    • Bates, C.M.1    Baum, M.2    Quigley, R.3
  • 59
    • 0035208413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inherited primary renal tubular hypokalemic alkalosis: A review of Gitelman and Bartter syndromes
    • SHAER AJ: Inherited primary renal tubular hypokalemic alkalosis: A review of Gitelman and Bartter syndromes. Am J Med Sci 322:316-332, 2001
    • (2001) Am J Med Sci , vol.322 , pp. 316-332
    • Shaer, A.J.1
  • 60
    • 0036197399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic diseases of acid-base transporters
    • ALPER SL: Genetic diseases of acid-base transporters. Annu Rev Physiol 64:889-923, 2002
    • (2002) Annu Rev Physiol , vol.64 , pp. 889-923
    • Alper, S.L.1
  • 61
    • 85031083605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • http: www.med.sc.edu:96/watson/acidbase/acidbase.htm
  • 62
    • 0032109451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of anion gap and strong ion gap as predictors of unmeasured strong ion concentration in plasma and serum from horses
    • CONSTABLE PD, HINCHCEIFF KW, MUIR WW: Comparison of anion gap and strong ion gap as predictors of unmeasured strong ion concentration in plasma and serum from horses. Am J Vet Res 59:881-887, 1998
    • (1998) Am J Vet Res , vol.59 , pp. 881-887
    • Constable, P.D.1    Hinchceiff, K.W.2    Muir, W.W.3
  • 63
    • 0029063868 scopus 로고
    • Strong ion gap: A methodology for exploring unexplained anions
    • KELEUM JA, KRAMER DJ, PINSKY MR: Strong ion gap: A methodology for exploring unexplained anions. J Crit Care 10:51-55, 1995
    • (1995) J Crit Care , vol.10 , pp. 51-55
    • Keleum, J.A.1    Kramer, D.J.2    Pinsky, M.R.3
  • 65
    • 0017694172 scopus 로고
    • Current concepts: The anion gap
    • OH MS, CARROLL HJ: Current concepts: The anion gap. N Engl J Med 297:814-817, 1977
    • (1977) N Engl J Med , vol.297 , pp. 814-817
    • Oh, M.S.1    Carroll, H.J.2
  • 66
    • 0036775343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Continuous renal replacement therapy: Opinions and evidence
    • RONCO C, BELEOMO R, KELLUM JA: Continuous renal replacement therapy: Opinions and evidence. Adv Ren Replace Ther 9:229-244, 2002
    • (2002) Adv Ren Replace Ther , vol.9 , pp. 229-244
    • Ronco, C.1    Beleomo, R.2    Kellum, J.A.3
  • 67
    • 0033142155 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Immunomodulation in sepsis: The role of hemofiltration
    • KELLUM JA: Immunomodulation in sepsis: The role of hemofiltration. Minerva Anestesiol 65:410-418, 1999
    • (1999) Minerva Anestesiol , vol.65 , pp. 410-418
    • Kellum, J.A.1
  • 68
    • 12444253102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Titration vs. tradition
    • DOI 10.1007/s00897960033a
    • DE LEVIE R: Titration vs. tradition. Chem Educator [Online] 1:DOI 10.1007/s00897960033a, 1996
    • (1996) Chem Educator [Online] , vol.1
    • De Levie, R.1
  • 69
    • 20144382826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The formalism of titration theory
    • DOI 10.1007/s00897010508a
    • DE LEVIE R: The formalism of titration theory. Chem Educator [Online] 6:DOI 10.1007/s00897010508a, 2001
    • (2001) Chem Educator [Online] , vol.6
    • De Levie, R.1
  • 71
    • 0032062516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Etiology of metabolic acidosis during saline resuscitation in endotoxemia
    • KELLUM JA, BELLOMO R, KRAMER DJ, PINSKY MR: Etiology of metabolic acidosis during saline resuscitation in endotoxemia. Shock 9:364-368, 1998
    • (1998) Shock , vol.9 , pp. 364-368
    • Kellum, J.A.1    Bellomo, R.2    Kramer, D.J.3    Pinsky, M.R.4
  • 72
    • 0032963491 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery
    • SCHEINGRABER S, REHM M, SEHMISCH C, FINSTERER U: Rapid saline infusion produces hyperchloremic acidosis in patients undergoing gynecologic surgery. Anesthesiology 90:1265-1270, 1999
    • (1999) Anesthesiology , vol.90 , pp. 1265-1270
    • Scheingraber, S.1    Rehm, M.2    Sehmisch, C.3    Finsterer, U.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.