Comparative population structure and reproductive biology of the critically endangered shrub Grevillea althoferorum and two closely related more common congeners

Biological Conservation

Volumn 114, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 53-65

  Burne, Heather M ^a,b   Yates, Colin J ^b   Ladd, Philip G ^a  

^a MURDOCH UNIVERSITY   (Australia)

^b Crop Variety Testing Group   (Australia)

Author keywords

Clonal plant; Fire response; Rare versus common species; Rarity; South West Botanical Province; Threatened species

Indexed keywords

CONSERVATION; ENDANGERED SPECIES; POPULATION STRUCTURE; REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY;

AUSTRALIA; SOUTH-WEST BOTANICAL PROVINCE; WESTERN AUSTRALIA;

CATOSTOMIDAE; GREVILLEA; GREVILLEA ALTHOFERORUM; GREVILLEA RUDIS; GREVILLEA SYNAPHEAE;

EID: 0041423352     PISSN: 00063207     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3207(02)00420-2     Document Type: Article

References (82)

1. Auld, T.D., 1995. Burning grevilleas, ants, rats and wallabies. CalmScience Supplement 4, 159-164.
2. Auld, T.D., Denham, A.J., 2001. The impact of seed predation by mammals on post-fire seed accumulation in the endangered shrub Grevillea caleyi (Proteaceae). Biological Conservation 97, 377-385.
3. Beard, J.S., Chapman, A.R., Gioia, P., 2000. Species richness and endemism in the Western Australian flora. Journal of Biogeography 27, 1257-1268.
4. Bond, W.J., Midgley, J.J., 2001. Ecology of sprouting in woody plants: the persistence niche. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 16, 45-51.
5. Bond, W.J., van Wilgen, B.W., 1996. Fire and Plants. Chapman and Hall, London.
6. Bradstock, R.A., 1990. Demography of woody plants in relation to fire: Banksia serrata Lf. and Isopogon anemonifolius (Salisb.) Knight. Australian Journal of Ecology 15, 117-132.
7. Brooker, M.I.H., Hopper, S.D., 1991. A taxonomic revision of Eucalyptus wandoo, E. redunca, and allied species (Eucalyptus series Levispermae Maiden - Myrtaceae) in Western Australia. Nuytsia 8, 1-189.
8. Brooker, M.I.H., Hopper, S.D., 2002. Taxonomy of species deriving from the publication of Eucalyptus subsenesCornutae (Myrtaceae). Nuytsia 14, 325-360.
9. Brown, J.M., 1989. Regional variation in kwongan in the central wheatbelt of south-western Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology 14, 345-355.
10. Brown, J.M., Hopkins, A.J.M., 1983. The kwongan (sclerophyllous shrublands) of Tutanning Nature Reserve, Western Australia. Australian Journal of Ecology 8, 63-73.
11. Bureau of Meteorology, 2001. What is the weather usually like? Averages for Western Australian sites. Commonwealth of Australia Available online: http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/ ca_wa_names.shtml accessed: 20 June 2001.
12. Burne, H.M., 2001. The Population Structure and Reproductive Biology of the Critically Endangered plant Grevillea althoferorum in Comparison with Two More Common Species, and the Associated Management Strategies. Honours Thesis, School of Environmental Science, Murdoch University, Western Australia.
13. Byrne, M., Macdonald, B., Coates, D., 1999. Divergence in the chloroplast genome and nuclear rDNA of the rare Western Australian plant Lambertia orbifolia Gardner (Proteaceae). Molecular Ecology 8, 1789-1796.
14. Byrne, M., Tischler, G., Macdonald, B., Coates, D.J., McComb, J., 2001. Phylogenetic relationships between two rare acacias and their common widespread relatives in south-western Australia. Conservation Genetics 2, 157-166.
15. Coates, D.J., 1988. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure in the rare Chittering grass wattle, Acacia anomala Court. Australian Journal of Botany 36, 273-286.
16. Coates, D.J., 2000. Defining conservation units in a rich and fragmented flora: implications for the management of genetic resources and evolutionary processes in south-west Australian plants. Australian Journal of Botany 48, 329-339.
17. Coates, D.J., Atkins, K.A., 2001. Priority setting and the conservation of Western Australia's diverse and highly endemic flora. Biological Conservation 97, 251-263.
18. Coates, D.J., Hamley, V.L., 1999. Genetic divergence and the mating system in the endangered and geographically restricted species Lambertia orbifolia Gardner (Proteaceae). Heredity 83, 418-427.
19. Cowling, R.M., Lamont, B.B., 1998. On the nature of Gondwanan Species Flocks: diversity of Proteaceae in Mediterranean South-western Australia and South Africa. Australian Journal of Botany 46, 335-355.
20. Cowling, R.M., Rundel, P.W., Lamont, B.B., Kalin Arroyo, M., Arianoutsou, M., 1996. Plant diversity in Mediterranean-climate regions. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 11, 362-366.
21. Cowling, R.M., Witkowski, E.T.F., Milewski, A.V., Newbey, K.R., 1994. Taxonomic, edaphic and biological aspects of narrow plant endemism on matched sites in mediterranean South Africa and Australia. Journal of Biogeography 21, 651-664.
22. Dafni, A., 1992. Pollination Ecology: A Practical Approach. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
23. Dixon, K.W., Roche, S., Pate, J.S., 1995. The promotive effect of smoke derived from burnt native vegetation on seed germination of Western Australian plants. Oecologia 101, 185-192.
24. Dorken, M.E., Eckert, C.G., 2001. Severely reduced sexual reproduction in northern populations of a clonal plant, Decodon verticillatus (Lythraceae). Journal of Ecology 89, 339-350.
25. Drechsler, M., Lamont, B.B., Burgman, M.A., Akcakaya, H.R., Witkowski, E.T.F., Supriyadi, 1999. Modelling the persistence of an apparently immortal Banksia species after fire and land clearing. Biological Conservation 88, 249-259.
26. Elliott, C.P., Yates, C.J., Ladd, P.G., Coates, D.J., 2002. Morphometric, genetic and ecological studies clarify the conservation status of a rare Acacia in Western Australia. Australian Journal of Botany 50, 63-73.
27. Ellstrand, N.C., Roose, M.L., 1987. Patterns of genotypic diversity in clonal plant species. American Journal of Botany 74, 123-131.
28. Esau, K., 1965. Plant Anantomy, Second ed. Wiley International, London.
29. Fiedler, P. L., 1987. Life history and population dynamics of rare and common mariposa lilies (Calachortus Pursh: Liliaceae). Journal of Ecology 75, 977-995.
30. Fiedler, P.L., 1995. Rarity in the California flora: new thoughts on old ideas. Madrono 42, 127-141.
31. Fiedler, P.L., Ahouse, J.J., 1992. Hierarchies of cause: toward an understanding of rarity in vascular plant species. In: Fiedler, P. L., Jain, S.K. (Eds.), Conservation Biology. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 23-48.
32. Fiedler, P.L., Knapp, B.E., Fredricks, N., 1998. Rare plant demography, lessons from the Mariposa lilies (Calochortus: Liliaceae). In: Fiedler, P.L., Kareiva, P.M. (Eds.), Conservation Biology, second edition. Chapman and Hall, New York, pp. 28-48.
33. Fuss, A.M., Sedgley, M., 1991. Pollen tube growth and seed set of Banksia coccinea R.Br. (Proteaceae). Annals of Botany 68, 377-384.
34. Gaston, K.J., Kunin, W.E., 1997. Rare-common differences: an overview. In: Kunin, W.E., Gaston, K.J. (Eds.), The Biology of Rarity. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 12-29.
35. Gibson, N., Keighery, G., Keighery, B., 2000. Threatened plant communities of Western Australia. 1. The ironstone communities of the Swan and Scott coastal plains. Journal of the Royal Society 83, 1-11.
36. Goldingay, R.L., Carthew, S.M., 1998. Breeding and mating systems of Australian Proteaceae. Australian Journal of Botany 46, 421-437.
37. Harriss, F., Whelan, R.J., 1993. Selective fruit abortion in Grevillea barklyana (Proteaceae). Australian Journal of Botany 41, 499-509.
38. Hermanutz, L., Innes, D., Denham, A., Whelan, R., 1998. Very low fruit:flower ratios in Grevillea (Proteaceae) are independent of breeding system. Australian Journal of Botany 46, 465-478.
39. Hopper, S.D., 1979. Biogeographical aspects of speciation in the Southwest Australian flora. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 10, 399-422.
40. Hopper, S.D., 1992. Patterns of plant diversity at the population and species levels in south-west Australian mediterranean ecosystems. In: Hobbs, R.J. (Ed.), Biodiversity of Mediterranean Ecosystems in Australia. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales, pp. 27-46.
41. Hopper, S.D., Harvey, M.S., Chappill, J.A., Main, A.R., Main, B.Y., 1996. The Western Australian biota as Gondwanan heritage - a review. In: Hopper, S.D., Chappill, J.A., Harvey, M.S., George, A.S. (Eds.), Gondwanan Heritage: Past, Present and Future of the Western Australian Biota. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales, pp. 1-46.
42. IUCN, 1994. IUCN Red List Categories. As approved by the 40th Meeting of the IUCN Council. Prepared by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, Species Survival Commission, Gland, Switzerland.
43. Keith, D.A., 1996. Fire driven extinction of plant populations: a synthesis of theory and review of evidence from Australian vegetation. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 116, 37-78.
44. Keith, D.A., McCaw, W.L., Whelan, R.J., 2002. Fire regimes in Australian heathlands and their effects on plants and animals. In: Bradstock, R.A., Williams, J.E., Gill, A.M. (Eds.), Flammable Australia The Fire Regimes and Biodiversity of a Continent. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 199-237.
45. Kenny, B.J., 2000. Influence of multiple fire-related germination cues on three Sydney Grevillea (Proteaceae) species. Austral Ecology 25, 664-669.
46. Kimpton, S.K., James, E.A., Drinnan, A.N., 2002. Reproductive biology and genetic marker diversity in Grevillea infecunda (Proteaceae), a rare plant with no known seed production. Australian Systematic Botany 15, 485-492.
47. Krauss, S.L., 1994. Preferential outcrossing in the complex species Persoonia mollis R. Br. (Proteaceae). Oecologia 97, 256-264.
48. Krauss, S.L., Dixon, B., Dixon, K.W., 2002. Rapid genetic decline in a translocated population of the endangered plant Grevillea scapigera. Conservation Biology 16, 986-994.
49. Kunin, W.E., 1997. Introduction: on the causes and consequences of rare-common differences. In: Kunin, W.E., Gaston, K.J. (Eds.), The Biology of Rarity. Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 3-11.
50. Kunin, W.E., Gaston, K.J., 1993. The biology of rarity: patterns, causes and consequences. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 8, 298-301.
51. Kunin, W.E., Gaston, K.J., 1997. The Biology of Rarity. Chapman and Hall, London.
52. Ladd, P.G., Connell, S.W., 1994. Andromonoecy and fruit set in three genera of the Proteaceae. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 116, 77-88.
53. Lamont, B.B., Barrett, G.J., 1988. Constraints on seed production and storage in a root-suckering Banksia. Journal of Ecology 76, 1069-1082.
54. Lamont, B.B., Connell, S.W., Bergl, S.M., 1991. Seed bank and population dynamics of Banksia cuneata: the role of time, fire and moisture. Botanical Gazette 152, 114-122.
55. Lamont, B.B., Klinkhamer, P.G.L., Witkowski, E.T.F., 1993. Population fragmentation may reduce fertility to zero in Banksia goodii - a demonstration of the Allee effect. Oecologia 94, 446-450.
56. Lamont, B.B., Oleson, E.T.F., Briffa, P.J., 1998. Seed production, pollinator attractants and breeding system in relation to fire response - are there reproductive syndromes among co-occurring proteaceous shrubs? Australian Journal of Botany 46, 377-385.
57. Makinson, R.O., 2000. Grevillea, Flora of Australia, vol. 17a. ABRS/ CSIRO, Melbourne.
58. Monks, L., Coates, D.J., 2002. Translocation of two Critically endangered Acacia species. Conservation Science Western Australia 4(3), 54-61.
59. Moran, G.F., Hopper, S.D., 1987. Conservation of the genetic resources of rare and widespread eucalypts in remnant vegetation. In: Saunders, D.A., Arnold, G.W., Burbidge, A.A., Hopkins, A.J.M. (Eds.), Nature Conservation. The Role of Remnants of Native Vegetation. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales, pp. 151-162.
60. Morris, E.C., 2000. Germination response of seven east Australian Grevillea species (Proteaceae) to smoke, heat exposure and scarification. Australian Journal of Botany 48, 179-189.
61. Myers, N., Mittermeier, R.A., Mittermeier, C.G., da Fonseca, G.A.B., Kent, J., 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities. Nature 403, 853-858.
62. Oostermeijer, J.G.B., 2000. Population viability analysis of the rare Gentiana pneumonanthe: the importance of genetics, demography and reproductive biology. In: Young, A.G., Clarke, G.M. (Eds.), Genetics, Demography and Viability of Fragmented Populations. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 313-334.
63. Paczkowska, G., Chapman, A.R., 2000. The Western Australian Flora. Wildflower Society of Western Australia, Western Australian Herbarium CALM, Botanic Gardens and Parks Authority, Perth.
64. Pate, J.S., Hopper, S.D., 1993. Rare and common plants in ecosystems with special reference to the south-west Australian flora. In: Shultze, E.D., Mooney, H.A. (Eds.), Biodiversity and Ecosystem-function. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 293-325.
65. Pavlik, B.M., 1994. Demographic monitoring and the recovery of endangered plant populations. In: Bowles, M.L., Whelan, C.J. (Eds.), Restoration of Endangered Species. Conceptual Issues, Planning and Implementation. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp. 322-350.
66. Pavlik, B.M., Ferguson, N., Nelson, M., 1993. Assessing limitations on the growth of endangered plant populations, II. Seed production and seed bank dynamics of Erysimum capitatum spp. angustatum and Oenothera deltoides spp. howellii. Biological Conservation 65, 267-278.
67. Pavlik, B.M., Manning, E., 1993. Assessing limitations on the growth of endangered plant populations, I. Experimental demograhy of Erysimum capitalum spp. angustatum and Oenothera deltoides spp. howellii. Biological Conservation 65, 257-265.
68. Rabinowitz, D.B., 1978. Abundance and diaspore weight in rare and common prairie grasses. Oecologia 37, 213-219.
69. Rabinowitz, D., Bassett, B.K., Renfro, G.E., 1979. Abundance and neighbourhood structure for sparse and common prairie grasses in a Missouri prairie. American Journal of Botany 66, 867-869.
70. Rabinowitz, D., Rapp, J.K., 1981. Dispersal ability of seven sparse and common grasses from a Missouri prairie. American Journal of Botany 68, 616-624.
71. Schemske, D.W., Husband, B.C., Ruckelshaus, M.H., Goodwillie, C., Parker, I.M., Bishop, J.G., 1994. Evaluating approaches to the conservation of rare and endangered plants. Ecology 75, 584-606.
72. Touchell, D.H., Richardson, M., Dixon, K.W., 1997. Germplasm Conservation Guidelines for Australia. Australian Network for Plant Conservation, Canberra.
73. Trueman, S.J., Wallace, H.M., 1999. Pollination and resource constraints on fruit set and fruit size of Persoonia rigida (Proteaceae). Annals of Botany 83, 145-155.
74. Underwood, A.J., 1997. Experiments in Ecology: Their Logical Design and Interpretation Using Analysis of Variance. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
75. Vaughton, G.V., 1998. Soil seed bank dynamics in the rare obligate seeding shrub, Grevillea barklyana (Proteaceae). Australian Journal of Ecology 23, 375-384.
76. Walker, B.A., Whelan, R.J., 1991. Can andromonoecy explain low fruit:flower ratios in the Proteaceae? Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 44, 41-46.
77. Wardell-Johnson, G., Coates, D.J., 1996. Links to the past: local endemism in four species of forests eucalypts in southwestern Australia. In: Hopper, S.D., Chappill, J.A., Harvey, M.S., George, A.S. (Eds.), Gondwanan Heritage: Past, Present and Future of the Western Australian Biota. Surrey Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales, pp. 137-154.
78. Wardell-Johnson, G., Williams, M., 1996. A floristic survey of the Tingle Mosaic, south-western Australia: applications in land management and planning. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 79, 249-276.
79. Witkowski, E.T.F., Lamont, B.B., 1997. Does the rare Banksia goodii have inferior vegetative, reproductive or ecological attributes compared with its widespread co-occurring relative B. gardneri? Journal of Biogeography 24, 469-482.
80. Yates, C.J., Abbott, I., Hopper, S.D., Coates, D.J. Fire as a determinant of rarity in the south-west Western Australian global biodiversity hotspot. In: Abbott, I., Burrows, N., (Eds.), Fire in South Western Australian Ecosystems: Impacts and Management. Backhauys Publishing, Leiden, Netherlands (in press).
81. Yates, C.J., Broadhurst, L.M., 2002. Assessing limitations on population growth in two Critically Endangered Acacia taxa. Biological Conservation 108, 13-26.
82. Zar, J.H., 1999. Biostatistical Analysis. Prentice Hall, New Jersey.