Effect of Phytate in Soy Protein on the Serum and Liver Cholesterol Levels and Liver Fatty Acid Profile in Rats

Bioscience, Biotechnology and Biochemistry

Volumn 67, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 15-22

  Koba, Kazunori ^a   Liu, Jim Wen ^b   Bobik, Emil ^b   Mills, David E ^c   Sugano, Michihiro ^d   Huang, Yung Sheng ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NAGASAKI   (Japan)

^b ABBOTT LABORATORIES   (United States)

^c Scientific Laboratory Division   (United States)

^d PREFECTURAL UNIVERSITY OF KUMAMOTO   (Japan)

Author keywords

Linoleic acid metabolism; Phytate; Rat; Serum cholesterol; Soy protein

Indexed keywords

ANIMALIA; GLYCINE MAX;

CHOLESTEROL; FATTY ACID; LINOLEIC ACID; PHYTIC ACID; SOYBEAN PROTEIN;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; BLOOD; CHOLESTEROL INTAKE; DIET; DRUG EFFECT; GROWTH; LIPID METABOLISM; LIVER; MALE; METABOLISM; ORGAN SIZE; RAT; SPRAGUE DAWLEY RAT; WEIGHT GAIN;

ANIMALS; CHOLESTEROL; CHOLESTEROL, DIETARY; DIET; FATTY ACIDS; GROWTH; LINOLEIC ACID; LIPID METABOLISM; LIVER; MALE; ORGAN SIZE; PHYTIC ACID; RATS; RATS, SPRAGUE-DAWLEY; SOYBEAN PROTEINS; WEIGHT GAIN;

EID: 0041350564     PISSN: 09168451     EISSN: 13476947     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1271/bbb.67.15     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Carroll, K. K., and Hamilton, R. M. G., Effects of dietary protein and carbohydrate on plasma cholesterol levels in relation to atherosclerosis. J. FoodSci., 40, 18-23 (1975).
2. Szarnecki, S. K., and Krichevsky, D., How they alleviate disease and promote better health. In “Dietary Proteins”, ed. Liepa, G. U., American Oil Chemists’ Society, Champaign, pp. 42-56 (1992).
3. Huang, Y.-S., Cunnane, S. C., and Horrobin, D. F., Effect of different dietary proteins on plasma and liver fatty acid compositions in growing rats. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 181, 399-403 (1986).
4. Choi, Y.-S., Goto, S., Ikeda, I., and Sugano, M., Interaction of dietary protein, cholesterol and age on lipid metabolism of the rat. Br. J. Nutr., 61, 531-543 (1989).
5. Koba, K., and Sugano, M., Dietary protein influences polyunsaturated fatty acid patterns of rat tissue lipids. J. Nutr. Sci. Vitaminol., 36 (suppl.), S173-S176 (1990).
6. Lindholm, M., and Eklund, A., The effects of dietary protein on the fatty acid composition and D6 desaturase activity of rat hepatic microsomes. Lipids, 26, 107-110 (1991).
7. Koba, K., Wakamatsu, K., Obata, K., and Sugano, M., Effects of dietary protein on linoleic acid desaturation and membrane fluidity in rat liver microsomes. Lipids, 28, 459-464 (1993).
8. Huang, Y.-S., Koba, K., Horrobin, D. F., and Sugano, M., Interrelationship between dietary protein, cholesterol and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism. Prog. Lipid Res., 32, 123-137 (1993).
9. Huff, M. W., and Carroll, K. K., Effects of dietary proteins and amino acid mixtures on plasma cholesterol levels in rabbits. J. Nutr., 110, 1676-1685 (1980).
10. Nagata, Y., Tanaka, K., and Sugano, M., Further studies on the hypocholesterolaemic effect of soyabean protein in rats. Br. J. Nutr., 45, 233-241 (1981).
11. Nagata, Y., Ishiwaki, N., and Sugano, M., Studies on the mechanism of antihypercholesterolemic action of soy protein and soy protein-type amino acid mixtures in relation to the casein counterparts in rats. J. Nutr., 112, 1614-1625 (1982).
12. Huang, Y.-S., Mitchell, J., McAdoo, K., and Horrobin, D. F., Effect of lysine supplementation to wheat gluten on plasma and liver cholesterol and fatty acids in growing rats. Biochem. Arch., 3, 285-293 (1987).
13. Koba, K., Abe, K., and Sugano, M., Effect of amino acid composition of dietary protein on linoleic acid desaturation in rats. Agric. Biol. Chem., 54, 2711-2717 (1990).
14. Hurrell, R. F., Juillerat, M. A., Reddy, M. B., Lynch, S. R., Dassenko, S. A., and Cook, J. D., Soy protein, phytate, and iron absorption in humans. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 56, 573-578 (1992).
15. Anderson, R. L., and Wolf, W. J., Compositional changes in trypsin inhibitor, phytic acid, saponins and isoflavones related to soybean protein. J. Nutr., 125, 581S-588S (1995).
16. Sugano, M., Goto, S., Yamada, Y., Yoshida, K., Hishimoto, Y., Matsuo, T., and Kimoto, M., Cholesterol-lowering activity of various undigested fractions of soybean protein in rats. J. Nutr., 120, 977-985 (1990).
17. Wang, H., and Murphy, P. A., Isoflavone content in commercial soybean foods. J. Agric. Food Chem., 42, 1666-1673 (1994).
18. Jariwalla, R. J., Sabin, R., Lawson, S., and Herman, Z., Lowering of serum cholesterol and triglycerides and modulation of divalent cations by dietary phytate. J. Appl. Nutr., 42, 18-28 (1990).
19. Jariwalla, R. J., Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) as an anti-neoplasmic and lipid-lowering agent. Anticancer Res., 19, 3699-3702 (1999).
20. Cheryan, M., Phytic acid interactions in food systems. CRC Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., 13, 297-335 (1980).
21. Kelsay, J. L., Effects of fiber, phytic acid, and oxalic acid in the diet on mineral bioavailability. Am. J. Gastroenterol., 82, 983-986 (1987).
22. Churella, H. R., and Vivian, V. M., Effect of phytic acid level in soy protein-based infant formulas on mineral availability in the rat. J. Agric. Food Chem., 37, 1352-1357 (1989).
23. Chvapil, M., Ludwig, J. C., Sipes, I. G., and Misiorowski, R. L., Inhibition of NADPH oxidation and related drug oxidation in liver microsomes by zinc. Biochem. Pharmacol., 25, 1787-1791 (1976).
24. Huang, Y.-S., Cunnane, S. C., Horrobin, D. F., and Davignon, J., Most biological effects of zinc deficiency corrected by g-linolenic acid (18:3n-6) but not by linoleic acid (18:2n-6). Atherosclerosis, 41, 193-207 (1982).
25. Huang, Y.-S., McAdoo, K. R., Mitchell, J., and Horrobin, D. F., Effect of calcium deprivation on n-6 fatty acid metabolism in growing rats. Biochem. Med. Metab. Biol., 40, 61-67 (1988).
26. Horrobin, D. F., and Manku, M. S., How do polyunsaturated fatty acids lower plasma cholesterol levels? Lipids, 18, 558-562 (1983).
27. Nardelli, C. A., Mazer, T. B., Hogarth, A., Suh, J., Daab-Krzykowski, A., Pickett, L. M., Keller, H., and Nelson, W. J., Separation of phytate from plant protein using ion exchange. U.S. Patent 5248804 (Sep. 28, 1993).
28. Folch, J., Lees, M., and Sloane-Stanley, G. H., A simple method for the isolation and purification of total lipids from animal tissues. J. Biol. Chem., 226, 497-506 (1957).
29. Miettinen, T. A., Athrens, Jr., E. H., and Grundy, S. M., Quantitative isolation and gas liquid chromatographic analysis of total dietary and fecal neutral steroids. J. Lipid Res., 6, 411-424 (1965).
30. Rouser, G., Siakotos, A. N., and Fleischer, S., Quantitative analysis of phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography and phosphorus analysis of spots. Lipids, 1, 85-86 (1966).
31. Huang, Y.-S., Smith, R. S., Redden, P. R., Cantrill, R. C., and Horrobin, D. F., Modification of liver fatty acid metabolism in mice by n-3 and n-6 D6 desaturase substrates and products. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1082, 319-327 (1991).
32. Huang, Y.-S., Cunnane, S. C., Mitchell, J., and Horrobin, D. F., Effect of cholesterol supplementation on plasma and liver cholesteryl ester fatty acids in rats fed casein or soy protein. Nutr. Res., 6, 549-558 (1986).
33. Carroll, K. K., Review of clinical studies on cholesterol-lowering response to soy protein. J. Am. Diet. Assoc., 91, 820-827 (1991).
34. Katayama, T., Effect of dietary sodium phytate on the hepatic and serum levels of lipids and on the hepatic activities of HADPH-generating enzymes in rats fed on sucrose. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 59, 1159-1160 (1995).
35. Aoyama, T., Kohno, M., Saito, T., Fukui, K., Takamatsu, K., Yamamoto, T., Hashimoto, Y., Hirotsuka, M., and Kito, M., Reduction by phytate-reduced soybean beta-conglycinin of plasma triglyceride level of young and adult rats. Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem., 65, 1071-1075 (2001).
36. Roach, P. D., Balasubramaniam, S., Hirata, F., Abbey, M., Szanto, A., Simons, L. A., and Nestel, P. J., The low-density lipoprotein receptor and cholesterol synthesis are affected differently by dietary cholesterol in the rat. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1170, 165-172 (1993).
37. Mayer, R. M., Treadwell, C. R., Gallo, L. L., and Vahouny, G. V., Intestinal mucins and cholesterol uptake in vitro. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 833, 34-43 (1985).
38. Horton, J. D., Cuthbert, J. A., and Spady, D. K., Regulation of hepatic 7 alpha-hydroxylase expression and response to dietary cholesterol in the rat and hamster. J. Biol. Chem., 270, 5381-5387 (1995).
39. Potter, S. M., Overview of proposed mechanisms for the hypocholesterolemic effect of soy. J. Nutr., 125, 606S-611S (1995).
40. Kirk, E. A., Sutherland, P., Wang, S. A., Chait, A., and LeBoeuf, R. C., Dietary isoflavones reduce plasma cholesterol and atherosclerosis in C57BL/6 mice but not LDL receptor-deficient mice. J. Nutr., 128, 954-959 (1998).
41. Zhou, J. R., Fordyce, E. J., Raboy, V., Dickinson, D. B., Wong, M. S., Burns, R. A., and Erdman, Jr., W., Reduction of phytic acid in soybean products improves zinc bioavailability in rats. J. Nutr., 122, 2466-2473 (1992).
42. O’Dell, B. L., Newberne, P. M., and Savage, J. E., Significance of dietary zinc for the growing chicken. J. Nutr., 65, 503-524 (1958).
43. Bettger, W. J., Reeves, P. G., Moscatelli, E. A., and O’Dell, B. L., Interaction of zinc and essential fatty acids in the rat. J. Nutr., 109, 480-488 (1979).
44. Sugiyama, K., Kanamori, H., Akachi, T., and Yamakawa, A., Amino acid composition of dietary proteins affects plasma cholesterol concentration through alteration of hepatic phospholipid metabolism in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. J. Nutr. Biochem., 7, 40-48 (1996).
45. Sugiyama, K., Yamakawa, A., Kumazawa, A., and Saeki, S., Methionine content of dietary proteins affects the molecular species composition of plasma phosphatidylcholine in rats fed a cholesterol-free diet. J. Nutr., 127, 600-607 (1997).
46. Sugiyama, K., Kumazawa, A., Zhou, H., and Saeki, S., Dietary methionine level affects linoleic acid metabolism through phosphatidylethanolamine N-methylation in rats. Lipids, 33, 235-242 (1998).