Fatty acids in formulae for term infants: Compliance of present recommendations with the actual human milk fatty acid composition of geographically different populations

Acta Paediatrica, International Journal of Paediatrics

Volumn 92, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 790-796

  Smit, E N ^a   Martini, I A ^a   Kemperman, R F J ^a   Schaafsma, A ^b   Muskiet, F A J ^a   Boersma, E R ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER GRONINGEN   (Netherlands)

^b Research and Development   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Breast milk; Fatty acids; Infant formula; Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids; Recommendations

Indexed keywords

FATTY ACID DERIVATIVE; LONG CHAIN FATTY ACID;

ARTICLE; ARTIFICIAL MILK; BOTTLE FEEDING; BREAST FEEDING; BREAST MILK; CALCULATION; COMMUNITY; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FOOD COMPOSITION; GEOGRAPHY; HUMAN; LIPID COMPOSITION; NORMAL HUMAN; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RANK SUM TEST;

CARIBBEAN REGION; FATTY ACIDS; FOOD, FORMULATED; HUMANS; INFANT FOOD; INFANT, NEWBORN; ISRAEL; MILK, HUMAN; NETHERLANDS; PEDIATRICS; POPULATION SURVEILLANCE; PREVALENCE; TANZANIA;

EID: 0041328732     PISSN: 08035253     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/08035250310002939     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Bernt KM, Walker WA. Human milk as a carrier of biochemical messages. Acta Paediatr 1999; Suppl 430: 27-41
2. Jensen RG. Lipids in human milk. Lipids 1999; 34: 1243-71
3. Smit EN, Martini IA, Mulder H, Boersma ER, Muskiet FAJ. Estimated biological variation of the mature human milk fatty acid composition. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2002; 66: 549-55
4. Koletzko B, Sinclair A. Long-Chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in diets for infants: choices for recommendation and regulating bodies and for manufacturing of dietary products. Lipids 1999; 43: 215-20
5. ESPGAN Committee on Nutrition. Committee report. Comment on the content and composition of lipids in infant formulas. Acta Paediatr Scand 1991; 80: 887-96
6. van der Veere CN, Luteyn AJ, Sorhaindo BA, Ferreira CJ, Boersma ER, Huisjes HJ, et al. Obstetrical condition and neonatal neurological outcome in Dominica, the Caribbean. A comparative study. Trop Geogr Med 1992; 44: 338-45
7. Simopoulos AP. Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 70(S): 560-9S
8. Life Sciences Research Office Report, American Society for Nutritional Sciences. Executive summary for the report: Assessment of nutrient requirements for infant formulas. J Nutr 1998; 128S: S2059-2294
9. Simmer K. Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in preterm infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; Issue 2: CD000375
10. Simmer K. Longchain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000; Issue 2: CD000376
11. Uauy R, Mena P. Lipids and neurodevelopment. Nutr Rev 2001; 59S: S34-48
12. Simopoulos AP, Leaf A, Salem N, Jr. Workshop statement on the essentiality of and recommended dietary intakes for omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 63: 119-21
13. FAO/WHO. Report of a joint expert consultation. Fats and oils in human nutrition. Paper No 57. Rome: FAO; 1994
14. Health Council of The Netherlands. Dietary reference intake: energy, proteins, fats and digestible carbohydrates. Publication nr. 2001/19. The Hague: Health Council of The Netherlands; 2001
15. Koletzko B, Agostoni C, Carlson SE, Clandinin T, Hornstra G, Neuringer M, et al. Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) and perinatal development. Report of workshop. Acta Paediatr 2001; 90: 460-4
16. UK Statutory Instrument 1997 No. 451. The infant formula and follow-on formula (amendment) regulations 1997. http://www.hmso.gov.uk/si/si1997/97045101.htm
17. Commission on the European Communities (1996). Commission Directive 94/6/EEC of 16 February 1996 amending directive 91/321/EEC on infant formulae and follow-on formulae. Off J Eur Comm 39(L49): 12-6
18. Huisman M, van Beusekom CM, Lanting CI, Nijeboer HJ, Muskiet FAJ, Boersma ER. Triglycerides, fatty acids, sterols, mono- and disaccharides and sugar alcohols in human milk and current types of infant formula milk. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996; 50: 255-60
19. Muskiet FAJ, Offringa PJ, Boersma ER. Lipid content and fatty acid composition of human milk in relation to developing countries. In: Boersma ER, et al, editors. A holistic approach to perinatal care and the prevention of handicap. Groningen: Erven B van der Kamp; 1988: 294-305
20. Smit EN, Koopmann M, Boersma ER, Muskiet FAJ. Effect of supplementation of arachidonic acid (AA) or a combination of AA plus docosahexaenoic acid on breastmilk fatty acid composition. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2000; 62: 335-40
21. van der Steege G, Muskiet FAJ, Martini IA, Hutter NH, Boersma ER. Simultaneous quantification of total medium- and long-chain fatty acids in human milk by capillary gas chromatography with split injection. J Chromat Biomed Appl 1987; 415: 1-11
22. Commission on the European Communities. Commission Directive 91/321/EEC of 14 May 1991 on infant formulae and follow-on formulae. Off J Eur Comm 1991; L175, 04/07/1991: 0035-49
23. Read WWC, Lutz PG, Tashjian A. Human milk lipids. II. The influence of dietary carbohydrates and fat on the fatty acids of mature milk. Am J Clin Nutr 1965; 17: 180-3
24. Clark KJ, Makrides M, Neumann MA, Gibson RA. Determination of the optimal ratio of linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid in infant formulas. J Pediatr 1992; 120: S151-8
25. Decsi T, Thiel I, Koletzko B. Essential fatty acids in full term infants fed breast milk or formula. Arch Dis Child 1995; 72: F23-8
26. Sanders TAB, Naismith DJ. A Comparison of the influence of breast-feeding and bottle-feeding on the fatty acid composition of the erythrocytes. Br J Nutr 1979; 41: 619-23
27. Innis SM, Kuhnlein HV. Long-chain n-3 fatty acids in breast milk of Inuit women consuming traditional foods. Early Human Dev 1988; 18: 185-9
28. Koletzko B, Thiel I, Abiodun PO. The fatty acid composition of human milk in Europe and Africa. J Pediatr 1992; 120: S62-70
29. Chen ZY, Kwan KY, Tong KK, Ratnayake WMN, Li HQ, Leung SSF. Breast milk fatty acid composition: a comparative study between Hong Kong and Chongqing Chinese. Lipids 1997; 32: 1061-7
30. Winter CH, Hoving EB, Muskiet FAJ. Fatty acid composition of human milk triglyceride species. Possible consequences for optimal structures of infant formula triglycerides. J Chromat 1993; 616: 9-24
31. Uauy R, De Andraca I. Human milk and breastfeeding for optimal mental development. J Nutr 1995; 125: S2278-80