Hortipes, a huge genus of tiny afrotropical spiders (Araneae, Liocranidae)

Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History

Volumn , Issue 256, 2000, Pages 1-108

  Bosselaers, Jan ^a   Jocqué, Rudy ^b  

^a ROYAL MUSEUM FOR CENTRAL AFRICA   (Belgium)

^b DIVISION OF INVERTEBRATE ZOOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMPHIBOLUS; ARANEAE; CHRYSOTHEMIS; COLLEMBOLA; CUCURBITA; DELPHINUS; LIOCRANIDAE; NARCISSUS; ROBERTUS;

EID: 0040809020     PISSN: 00030090     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Berlocher, S. H. 1998. Can sympatric speciation via host or habitat shift be proven from phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence? In D. J. Howard and S. H. Berlocher (eds.), Endless forms: species and speciation: 99-113. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
2. Bjørn, P. 1998. Phylogeny of the East African erigonine genus Ophrynia (Araneae: Linyphiidae). Abstr. 14th Int. Congr. Arachnol.: 8.
3. Bosmans, R. 1981. Études sur les Hahniidae (Araneae) africains II. Les espèces du genre Hahnia de la collection Simon. Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat. Sect. A, 4e sér. (3)1: 203-211.
4. Bosmans, R., and J. Bosselaers 1994. Spiders of the genera Pachygnatha, Dyschiriognatha and Glenognatha (Araneae, Tetragnathidae), with a revision of the Afrotropical species. Zool. Scr. 23(4): 325-352.
5. Bosselaers, J., and R. Jocqué 1998. Funny eyes, basket legs or garden legs: a huge new genus of tiny Afrotropical Liocranidae (Araneae). Abstr. 14th Int. Congr. Arachnol.: 9.
6. 2000. Studies in Corinnidae: transfer of four genera and description of the female of Lessertina mutica Lawrence 1942. Trop. Zool. 13(2): in press.
7. Bosselaers, J., and J.-C. Ledoux 1998. Description of a new African genus, Hortipes (Araneae, Liocranidae). Rev. Arachnol. 12(14): 147-152.
8. Bremer, K. 1988. The limits of amino acid sequence data in angiosperm phylogenetic reconstruction. Evolution 42(4): 795-803.
9. 1994. Branch support and tree stability. Cladistics 10: 295-304.
10. Carpenter, J. M. 1988. Choosing among multiple equally parsimonious cladograms. Cladistics 4: 291-296.
11. Coddington, J. A. 1989. Spinneret silk spigot morphology: Evidence for the monophyly of orbweaving spiders, Cyrtophorinae (Araneidae), and the group Theridiidae plus Nesticidae. J. Arachnol. 17: 71-95.
12. Coddington, J. A., and N. Scharff 1994. Problems with zero-length branches. Cladistics 10: 415-423.
13. 1996. Problems with "soft" polytomies. Ibid. 12: 139-145.
14. de Lessert, R. 1936. Araignées de l' Afrique orientale portugaise. Rev. Suisse Zool. 43(9): 207-306.
15. Dippenaar-Schoeman, A. S., and R. Jocqué 1997. African spiders. An identification manual. Plant Prot. Res. Inst. Handb. 9: 392 pp.
16. Dondale, C. D., and J. H. Redner 1982. The insects and arachnids of Canada. Pt. 9. The sac spiders of Canada and Alaska. Araneae: Clubionidae and Anyphaenidae. Ontario: Research Branch Agriculture Canada, 194 pp.
17. Drensky, P. 1935. Über die von Dr Stanko Karaman in Jugoslavien und besonders in Mazedonien gesammelten Spinnen (Araneae). Izw. Tzar. Prirod. Inst. Sofia 8: 97-110.
18. Eberhard, W. G. 1996. Female control: sexual selection by cryptic female choice. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press, 501 pp.
19. Eriksson, T. 1998. Autodecay version 4.0: computer program distributed by the author. Stockholm: Dep. Botany, Stockholm Univ. http://www.botan.su.se/systematik/ Folk/Torsten.html
20. Farris, J. S. 1969. A successive approximations approach to character weighting. Syst. Zool. 18: 374-385.
21. 1988. Hennig86 version 1.5: computer program and documentation available from A. G. Kluge, Museum of Zoology, Univ. Michigan, Ann Arbor.
22. 1989. The retention index and the rescaled consistency index. Cladistics 5: 417-419.
23. Fjeldå J., and J. C. Lovett 1997. Geographical patterns of old and young species in African forest biota: the significance of specific montane areas as evolutionary centers. Biodivers. Conserv. 6: 325-346.
24. Gertsch, W. J. 1941. New American spiders of the family Clubionidae. I. Am. Mus. Novitates 1147: 20 pp.
25. 1979. American spiders. 2nd ed. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 274 pp.
26. Goloboff, P. A. 1991. Homoplasy and the choice among cladograms. Cladistics 7: 215-232.
27. 1993a. Estimating character weights during tree search. Ibid. 9: 83-91.
28. 1993b. A reanalysis of mygalomorph spider families (Araneae). Am. Mus. Novitates 3056: 32 pp.
29. 1995. Parsimony and weighting: a reply to Turner and Zandee. Cladistics 11: 91-104.
30. 1997a. Pee-Wee version 2.6: computer program and documentation. Program available from J. M. Carpenter, Dep. Entomology, American Musem of Natural History, New York.
31. 1997b. XPee-Wee: computer program and documentation. Program available from J. M. Carpenter, Dep. Entomology, American Musem of Natural History, New York.
32. 1997c. NONA version 1.6: computer program and documentation. Program available from J. M. Carpenter, Dep. Entomology, American Musem of Natural History, New York.
33. Grasshoff, M. 1975. Die Evolution komplizierter Kopulationsorgane - ein separater Adaptationsverlauf. Aufs. Red. Senckenb. Naturforsch. Ges. 27: 61-68.
34. Grimm, U., and B. Vilbel 1986. Die Clubionidae Mitteleuropas: Corinninae und Liocraninae (Arachnida, Araneae). Hamburg: Paul Parey, 91 pp.
35. Griswold, C. E. 1985. A revision of the African spiders of the family Microstigmatidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae). Ann. Natal Mus. 27: 1-37.
36. 1987. The African members of the trap-door spider family Migidae (Araneae: Mygalomorphae) 1 : the genus Moggridgea O. P. Cambridge, 1875. Ibid. 28: 1-118.
37. 1990. A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider subfamily Phyxelidinae (Araneae, Amaurobiidae). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 196: 206 pp.
38. 1991. A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Machadonia Lehtinen (Araneae, Lycosoidea). Entomol. Scand. 22: 305-351.
39. 1993. Investigations into the phylogeny of the lycosoid spiders and their kin (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosoidea). Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 539: 1-39.
40. 1994. A revision and phylogenetic analysis of the spider genus Phanotea Simon (Araneae, Lycosoidea). Ann. Mus. R. Afr. Cent. Sci. Zool. 273: 1-83.
41. Hamilton A. C. 1982. Environmental history of East Africa. A study of the Quaternary. New York: Academic Press, 327 p.
42. Hawkins, J. A., C. E. Hughes, and R. W. Scotland 1997. Primary homology assessment, characters and character states. Cladistics 13: 275-283.
43. Heimer, S. 1990a. Untersuchungen zur Evolution der Kopulationsorgane bei Spinnen (I). Entomol. Abh. Mus. Tierk. Dresd. 53: 1-25.
44. 1990b. Untersuchungen zur Evolution der Kopulationsorgane bei Spinnen (II). Ibid: 97-123.
45. Jocqué, R. 1998. Female choice, secondary effect of "mate check"? A hypothesis. Belgian J. Zool. 128(2): 99-117.
46. Johnson, P. A. and U. Gullberg 1998. Theory and models of sympatric speciation. In D. J. Howard and S. H. Berlocher (eds.), Endless forms: species and speciation: 79-89. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
47. Kaston, B. J. 1978. How to know the spiders. 3rd ed. Dubuque, IA, Wm. C. Brown, 272 pp.
48. 1981. Spiders of Connecticut. Revised ed. Connecticut State Geol. Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull. 70: 1020 pp.
49. Kitching, I. J., P. L. Forey, C. J. Humphries, and D. M. Williams 1998. Cladistics: the theory and practice of parsimony analysis. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 228 p.
50. Kluge, A. G. 1997. Sophisticated falsification and research cycles: consequences for differential character weighting in phylogenetic systematics. Zool. Scr. 26(4): 349-360.
51. Kondrashov, A. S., L. Y. Yampolsky, and S. A. Shabalina 1998. On the sympatric origin of species by means of natural selection. In D. J. Howard and S. H. Berlocher (eds.), Endless forms: species and speciation: 99-113. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press.
52. Kovoor, J. 1987. Comparative structure and histochemistry of silk-producing organs in arachnids. In W. Nentwig (ed.), Ecophysiology of spiders: 160-186. Berlin: Springer.
53. Kraus, O. 1978. Liphistius and the evolution of spider genitalia. Symp. Zool. Soc. London 42: 235-254.
54. 1984. Male spider genitalia: evolutionary changes in structure and function. Verh. Naturwiss. Ver. Hamburg 27: 373-382.
55. Ledoux, J.-C., and A. Canard 1991. Initiation à l' étude systématique des araignées. Aramon: J.-C. Ledoux, 66 pp.
56. Ledoux, J.-C., and M. Emerit 1998. Quelques espèces du genre africain Hortipes Bosselaers and Ledoux et leur coupelle métatarsale (Araneae, Liocranidae?) Rev. Arachnol. 12(15): 153-168.
57. Lehtinen, P. 1967. Classification of the Cribellate spiders and some allied families, with notes on the evolution of the suborder Araneomorpha. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 4(3): 199-468.
58. Maddison, W.P. 1993. Missing data versus missing characters in phylogenetic analysis. Syst. Biol. 42(4): 576-581.
59. Maddison, W.P., M.J. Donoghue, and D.R. Maddison 1984. Outgroup analysis and parsimony. Syst. Zool. 33(1): 83-103.
60. Nixon, K.C. 1998. Clados version 1.9.1. Program and documentation. Available from the author, Cornell Univ., Ithaca, NY. 1999. Winclada (beta) version 0.9.99i. Program and documentation. Published by the author, Ithaca, NY. Available from http://www.cladistics.com.
61. Nixon, K. C., and J. I. Davis 1991. Polymorphic taxa, missing values and cladistic analysis. Cladistics 7: 233-241.
62. Nixon, K. C., and J. M. Carpenter 1996. On consensus, collapsibility, and clade concordance. Cladistics 12: 305-321.
63. Page, R.D.M. 1993. Component version 2.0. Program and documentation. London: The Natural History Museum.
64. 1996. Treeview: an application to display phylogenetic trees on personal computers. Comput. Appl. Biosci. 12: 357-358.
65. 1998. Treeview version 1.5. Program and documentation. http://taxonomy.zoology, gla.ac.uk/rod/treeview/
66. Platnick, N. I. 1990. Spinneret morphology and the phylogeny of ground spiders (Araneae, Gnaphosoidea) Am. Mus. Novitates 2978: 42 pp.
67. 1997. Advances in spider taxonomy 1992-1995. New York: The New York Entomological Society and The American Museum of Natural History, 976 pp.
68. 1999. A revision of the Appalachian spider genus Liocranoides (Araneae: Tengellidae). Am. Mus. Novitates 3285: 13 pp.
69. 2000. A relimitation and revision of the Australasian ground spider family Lamponidae (Araneae: Gnaphosoidea). Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 245: 330 pp.
70. Platnick, N. I., and R.L.C. Baptista 1995. On the spider genus Attacobius (Araneae, Dionycha) Am. Mus. Novitates 3120: 9 pp.
71. Platnick, N. I., and F. Di Franco 1992. On the relationships of the spider genus Cybaeodes (Araneae, Dionycha). Am. Mus. Novitates 3053: 9 pp.
72. Platnick, N. I., C. E. Griswold, and J. A. Coddington 1991a. On missing entries in cladistic analysis. Cladistics 7: 337-343.
73. Platnick, N. I., J. A. Coddington, R. R. Foster, and C. E. Griswold 1991b. Spinneret morphology and the phylogeny of haplogyne spiders (Araneae, Araneomorphae). Am. Mus. Novitates 3016: 73 pp.
74. Porembski, S. 1996. Notes on the vegetation of inselbergs in Malawi. Flora 191: 1-8.
75. Ramos, T. C. 1997. Tree Gardener 2.2.1: computer program and documentation, Sao Paulo. Available from: http://www.ib.usp.br/~christy/tree.html
76. Raven, R. 1998. Revision of the Australian genera of the Miturgidae with a preview of their relationships. Abstr. 14th Int. Congr. Arachnol.: 31.
77. Richman, D. B., and B. Cutler 1997. Spiders of the arid Southwest, (revised 1998) http://taipan.nmsu.edu/people/ richman/southwest.html
78. Roewer, C. F. 1954. Katalog der Araneae von 1758 bis 1940, bzw. 1954. 2. Band. Brussels: Royal Belgian Institute for Natural Sciences, 1751 pp.
79. Scharff, N. 1992. The Linyphiid fauna of eastern Africa (Araneae: Linyphiidae) - distribution patterns, diversity and endemism. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 45: 117-154.
80. Scharff, N., and J. Coddington 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of the orbweaving spider family Araneidae (Arachnida, Araneae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 120: 355-434.
81. Schollaerts, R., and P. Houben 1994. Pictor 1.2: computer program available through J. Janssens, Tommeltlaan 52, B-2460 Mortsel, Belgium.
82. Sierwald, P. 1990. Morphology and homologous features in the male palpal organ in Pisauridae and other spider families, with notes on the taxonomy of pisauridae (Arachnida: Araneae). Nemouria 35: 1-59.
83. 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of Pisaurine nursery web spiders, with revisions of Tetragonophthalma and Perenethis (Araneae, Lycosoidea, Pisauridae). J. Arachnol. 25(3): 361-407.
84. Simon, E. 1893. Histoire naturelle des Araignées. 1(2): 257-488. Paris: Librairie Encyclopé dique de Roret.
85. 1897. Histoire naturelle des Araignées. 2(1): 5-192. Ibid.
86. Swofford, D. L. 1999. PAUP* Phylogenetic Analysis under Parsimony (*and other methods) version 4.0 beta 2. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
87. Townsend, V. R. Jr., and B. E. Felgenhauer 1998. Cuticular scales of spiders. Invertebr. Biol. 117(4): 318-330.
88. Turner, H., and R. Zandee 1995. The behaviour of Goloboff's tree fitness measure F. Cladistics 11: 57-72.
89. Ubick, D., and N. I. Platnick 1991. On Hesperocranum, a new spider ge-nus from Western North America (Araneae, Liocranidae). Am. Mus. Novitates 3019: 12 pp.
90. Vetter, R. 2000. Revision of the spider genus Neoanagraphis (Araneae, Liocranidae). J. Arachnol.: in press,
91. von Engelhardt, V. 1910. Beiträge zur Kenntnis der weiblichen Copulationsorgane einiger Spinnen. Z. Wiss. Zool. 96: 32-117.
92. Watrous, L. E., and Q. D. Wheeler 1981. The out-group comparison method of character analysis. Syst. Zool. 30(1): 1-11.
93. Wilkinson, M. 1995a. Coping with abundant missing entries in phylogenetic inference using parsimony. Syst. Biol. 44(4): 501-514.
94. 1995b. Arbitrary resolutions, missing entries, and the problem of zero-length branches in parsimony analysis. Ibid. 44(1): 108-111.
95. Yeates, D. K., and C. L. Lambkin 1998. Cryptic species diversity and character congruence: review of the tribe Anthracini (Diptera: Bombyliidae) in Australia. Invertebr. Taxon. 12: 977-1078.