Defining difference, forging unity: The co-construction of race, ethnicity and nation in Belize

Ethnic and Racial Studies

Volumn 20, Issue 4, 1997, Pages 757-780

  Medina, Laurie Kroshus ^a  

^a MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Belize; Culture; Ethnicity; Nationalism; Race

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040325506     PISSN: 01419870     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/01419870.1997.9993988     Document Type: Article

References (44)

1. ALEXANDER, JACK 1977 'The culture of race in middle-class Kingston, Jamaica', American Ethnologist, vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 413-35
2. ALONSO, ANA MARIA 1994 'The politics of space, time and substance: state formation, nationalism, and ethnicity, Annual Reviews in Anthropology, vol. 23, pp. 379-405
3. BALIBAR, ETIENNE 1991 'Is there a neo-racism?' in Etienne Balibar and Immanuel Wallerstein, Race, Nation, Class: Ambiguous Identities, New York: Verso, pp. 17-28
4. BOLLAND, O. NIGEL 1977 The Formation of a Colonial Society: Belize, from Conquest to Crown Colony, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press
5. _ 1986 Belize: New Nation in Central America, Boulder, CO: Westview Press
6. _ 1987 'Race, ethnicity, and national integration in Belize', in Belize: Ethnicity and Development, Belize City, Belize: Society for the Promotion of Education And Research
7. _ 1988 Colonialism and Resistance in Belize: Essays in Historical Sociology, Benque Viejo del Carmen, Belize: Cubola Productions
8. _ 1991 'Society and politics in Belize', in Colin Clarke (ed.), Society and Politics in the Caribbean, New York: St. Martin's Press, pp. 78-109
9. BURDON, JOHN 1931 The Archives of British Honduras, vol. 1
10. _ 1934 The Archives of British Honduras, vol. 2
11. CAL, ANGEL 1991 'Rural society and economic development: British mercantile capital in nineteenth-century Belize', PhD dissertation, University of Arizona
12. CENTRAL STATISTICAL OFFICE 1992 1991 Population Census Major Findings, Belmopan, Belize: Government Printing Office
13. DOMINGUEZ, VIRGINIA 1995 'Invoking racism in the public sphere: two tales on national self-criticism', Identities, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 325-46
14. FERNANDEZ, JULIO 1989 Belize: Case Study for Democracy in Central America, Brookfield: Avebury
15. FOX, RICHARD 1990 'Introduction', in Richard Fox (ed.), Nationalist Ideologies and the Production of National Cultures, Washington, DC: AES Monograph Series, no. 2, pp. 1-14
16. FRANKENBERG, RUTH 1994 The Social Construction of Whiteness: White Women, Race Matters, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press
17. GLICK SCHILLER, NINA 1995 'Editor's Foreword: the dialectics of race and culture', Identities, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. iii-iv
18. GILROY, PAUL 1987 There Ain't No Black in the Union Jack, Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press
19. GONZALEZ, NANCIE SOLIEN 1986 'Garifuna traditions in historical perspective', Belizean Studies, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 11-26
20. _ 1988 Sojourners of the Caribbean: Ethnogenesis and Ethnohistory of the Garifuna, Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press
21. HANDLER, RICHARD 1991 'Who owns the past? History, cultural property, and the logic of possessive individualism', in Brett Williams (ed.), The Politics of Culture, Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 63-74
22. JUDD, KAREN 1989 'Cultural synthesis or ethnic struggle? Creolization in Belize', Cimarron, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 103-18
23. _ 1992 'Elite reproduction and ethnic identity in Belize', PhD dissertation, City University of New York
24. MEDINA, LAURIE KROSHUS 1992 'Immigration, labor, and government policy: class conflict and alternative paths towards development', SPEAReports 8, Belize City, Belize: Society for the Promotion of Education and Research, pp. 144-58
25. _ 1997 'Development policies and identity politics: class and collectivity in Belize', American Ethnologist, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 148-69
26. MINISTRY OF EDUCATION 1983 A History of Belize: Nation in the Making, Benque Viejo del Carmen, Belize: Sunshine Books
27. _ 1984 Belize Today: A Society in Transformation, Belize City, Belize: Sunshine Books
28. MOBERG, MARK 1993 Citrus, Class, and Strategy, Iowa City, IA: University of Iowa Press
29. PRICE, RICHARD and PRICE, SALLY 1995 'Executing culture: Musee, Museo, Museum', American Anthropologist, vol. 97, no. 1, pp. 97-109
30. PEOPLES UNITED PARTY [PUP] 1989 Belizeans First, PUP Manifesto 1989-1994
31. SEGAL, DANIEL 1993 '"Race" and "colour" in preindependence Trinidad and Tobago', in Kevin Yelvington (ed.), Trinidad Ethnicity, Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press, pp. 81-115
32. SEGAL, DANIEL and HANDLER, RICHARD 1995 'U.S. multiculturalism and the concept of culture', Identities, vol. 1, no. 4, pp. 391-408
33. SHOMAN, ASSAD 1987 Party Politics in Belize, 1950-1986, Benque Viejo del Carmen, Belize: Cubola Productions
34. _ 1994 Thirteen Chapters in a History of Belize, Belize City, Belize: The Angelus Press
35. STONE, MICHAEL 1990 'Backabush: settlement on the Belmopan periphery and the challenge to rural development', SPEAReports 6, Belize: Society for the Promotion of Education and Research, pp. 82-134
36. _ 1994 'Caribbean nation, Central American State: ethnicity, race, and national formation in Belize, 1798-1990', PhD dissertation, University of Texas at Austin
37. UNITED DEMOCRATIC PARTY [UDP] 1984 UDP Government Manifesto: Belize's Future: Free, Prosperous and Secure
38. VERDERY, KATHERINE 1993 'Whither "nation" and "nationalism"?', Daedalus, vol. 122, no. 3, pp. 37-46
39. VERNON, DYLAN 1990 'Belize exodus to the United States: for better or for worse', SPEAReports 4, Belize: Society for the Promotion of Education and Research, pp. 6-28
40. WILK, RICHARD 1986 'Mayan ethnicity in Belize', Cultural Survival Quarterly, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 73-77
41. _ 1993 'Beauty and the Feast: official and visceral nationalism in Belize', Ethnos, vol. 58, nos. 3-4, pp. 294-316
42. WILLIAMS, BRACKETTE 1989 'A class act: anthropology and the race to nation across ethnic terrain', Annual Reviews in Anthropology, vol. 18, pp. 401-444
43. _ 1995 'Classification systems revisited: kinship, caste, race, and nationality as the flow of blood and the spread of rights', in Sylvia Yanagisako and Carol Delaney (eds), Naturalizing Power: Essays in Feminist Cultural Analysis, New York: Routledge, pp. 201-38
44. YANAGISAKO, SYLVIA and DELANEY, CAROL 1995 'Naturalizing power', in Sylvia Yanagisako and Carol Delaney (eds), Naturalizing Power: Essays in Feminist Cultural Analysis, New York: Routledge, pp. 1-24