Work, gender & history in the 1990s and beyond

Gender and History

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 1999, Pages 528-541

  Avdela, Efi ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; ECONOMICS; EDUCATION; EMPLOYMENT; ETHNOLOGY; FEMALE; FEMINISM; GENDER IDENTITY; HISTORY; LEGAL ASPECT; OCCUPATION; PERSONNEL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; PUBLICATION; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL CLASS; SOCIAL PROBLEM; UNEMPLOYMENT; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WOMEN'S RIGHTS;

EMPLOYMENT; FEMINISM; GENDER IDENTITY; HISTORIOGRAPHY; HISTORY, 19TH CENTURY; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; OCCUPATIONS; PERIODICALS AS TOPIC; RACE RELATIONS; RESEARCH PERSONNEL; SOCIAL CHANGE; SOCIAL CLASS; UNEMPLOYMENT; WOMEN'S HEALTH; WOMEN'S RIGHTS; WOMEN, WORKING;

EID: 0040213342     PISSN: 09535233     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/1468-0424.00161     Document Type: Review

References (201)

1. For accounts on the relation between women's history and labour history, see for Britain: Catherine Hall, 'Feminism and Feminist History', in her White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 1-40; and Jane Rendall, '"Uneven Developments": Women's History, Feminist History, and Gender History in Great Britain', in Writing Women's History: International Perspectives, ed. Karen Offen, Ruth Roach Pierson and Jane Rendall (Macmillan, London, 1991), pp. 45-57; for France: Françoise Thébaut, Ecrire l'histoire des femmes (ENS Editions, Fontenay/Saint-Cloud, 1998), pp. 48-50; for the USA: Ava Baron, 'Gender and Labor History: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future', in Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, ed. Ava Baron (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1991 ), pp. 1-46; for Germany: Ute Frevert, Heide Wunder, Christina Vanja, 'Historical Research on Women in the Federal Republic of Germany', in Writing Women's History, ed. Offen, Pierson and Rendall, pp. 291-331; more generally: Gisela Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History: Aspects of an International Debate', Gender & History (hereafter G&H), 1 (1989), pp. 7-30.
2. For accounts on the relation between women's history and labour history, see for Britain: Catherine Hall, 'Feminism and Feminist History', in her White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 1-40; and Jane Rendall, '"Uneven Developments": Women's History, Feminist History, and Gender History in Great Britain', in Writing Women's History: International Perspectives, ed. Karen Offen, Ruth Roach Pierson and Jane Rendall (Macmillan, London, 1991), pp. 45-57; for France: Françoise Thébaut, Ecrire l'histoire des femmes (ENS Editions, Fontenay/Saint-Cloud, 1998), pp. 48-50; for the USA: Ava Baron, 'Gender and Labor History: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future', in Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, ed. Ava Baron (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1991 ), pp. 1-46; for Germany: Ute Frevert, Heide Wunder, Christina Vanja, 'Historical Research on Women in the Federal Republic of Germany', in Writing Women's History, ed. Offen, Pierson and Rendall, pp. 291-331; more generally: Gisela Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History: Aspects of an International Debate', Gender & History (hereafter G&H), 1 (1989), pp. 7-30.
3. For accounts on the relation between women's history and labour history, see for Britain: Catherine Hall, 'Feminism and Feminist History', in her White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 1-40; and Jane Rendall, '"Uneven Developments": Women's History, Feminist History, and Gender History in Great Britain', in Writing Women's History: International Perspectives, ed. Karen Offen, Ruth Roach Pierson and Jane Rendall (Macmillan, London, 1991), pp. 45-57; for France: Françoise Thébaut, Ecrire l'histoire des femmes (ENS Editions, Fontenay/Saint-Cloud, 1998), pp. 48-50; for the USA: Ava Baron, 'Gender and Labor History: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future', in Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, ed. Ava Baron (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1991 ), pp. 1-46; for Germany: Ute Frevert, Heide Wunder, Christina Vanja, 'Historical Research on Women in the Federal Republic of Germany', in Writing Women's History, ed. Offen, Pierson and Rendall, pp. 291-331; more generally: Gisela Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History: Aspects of an International Debate', Gender & History (hereafter G&H), 1 (1989), pp. 7-30.
4. For accounts on the relation between women's history and labour history, see for Britain: Catherine Hall, 'Feminism and Feminist History', in her White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 1-40; and Jane Rendall, '"Uneven Developments": Women's History, Feminist History, and Gender History in Great Britain', in Writing Women's History: International Perspectives, ed. Karen Offen, Ruth Roach Pierson and Jane Rendall (Macmillan, London, 1991), pp. 45-57; for France: Françoise Thébaut, Ecrire l'histoire des femmes (ENS Editions, Fontenay/Saint-Cloud, 1998), pp. 48-50; for the USA: Ava Baron, 'Gender and Labor History: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future', in Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, ed. Ava Baron (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1991 ), pp. 1-46; for Germany: Ute Frevert, Heide Wunder, Christina Vanja, 'Historical Research on Women in the Federal Republic of Germany', in Writing Women's History, ed. Offen, Pierson and Rendall, pp. 291-331; more generally: Gisela Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History: Aspects of an International Debate', Gender & History (hereafter G&H), 1 (1989), pp. 7-30.
5. For accounts on the relation between women's history and labour history, see for Britain: Catherine Hall, 'Feminism and Feminist History', in her White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 1-40; and Jane Rendall, '"Uneven Developments": Women's History, Feminist History, and Gender History in Great Britain', in Writing Women's History: International Perspectives, ed. Karen Offen, Ruth Roach Pierson and Jane Rendall (Macmillan, London, 1991), pp. 45-57; for France: Françoise Thébaut, Ecrire l'histoire des femmes (ENS Editions, Fontenay/Saint-Cloud, 1998), pp. 48-50; for the USA: Ava Baron, 'Gender and Labor History: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future', in Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, ed. Ava Baron (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1991 ), pp. 1-46; for Germany: Ute Frevert, Heide Wunder, Christina Vanja, 'Historical Research on Women in the Federal Republic of Germany', in Writing Women's History, ed. Offen, Pierson and Rendall, pp. 291-331; more generally: Gisela Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History: Aspects of an International Debate', Gender & History (hereafter G&H), 1 (1989), pp. 7-30.
6. For accounts on the relation between women's history and labour history, see for Britain: Catherine Hall, 'Feminism and Feminist History', in her White, Male and Middle Class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992), pp. 1-40; and Jane Rendall, '"Uneven Developments": Women's History, Feminist History, and Gender History in Great Britain', in Writing Women's History: International Perspectives, ed. Karen Offen, Ruth Roach Pierson and Jane Rendall (Macmillan, London, 1991), pp. 45-57; for France: Françoise Thébaut, Ecrire l'histoire des femmes (ENS Editions, Fontenay/Saint-Cloud, 1998), pp. 48-50; for the USA: Ava Baron, 'Gender and Labor History: Learning from the Past, Looking to the Future', in Work Engendered: Toward a New History of American Labor, ed. Ava Baron (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1991 ), pp. 1-46; for Germany: Ute Frevert, Heide Wunder, Christina Vanja, 'Historical Research on Women in the Federal Republic of Germany', in Writing Women's History, ed. Offen, Pierson and Rendall, pp. 291-331; more generally: Gisela Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History: Aspects of an International Debate', Gender & History (hereafter G&H), 1 (1989), pp. 7-30.
7. See, among others, Joan Wallach Scott, Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia University Press, New York, 1988); Sonya O. Rose, Limited Livelihoods. Gender and Class in Nineteenth Century England (Routledge, London, 1992); Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780-1850 (Routledge, London, 1987).
8. See, among others, Joan Wallach Scott, Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia University Press, New York, 1988); Sonya O. Rose, Limited Livelihoods. Gender and Class in Nineteenth Century England (Routledge, London, 1992); Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780-1850 (Routledge, London, 1987).
9. See, among others, Joan Wallach Scott, Gender and the Politics of History (Columbia University Press, New York, 1988); Sonya O. Rose, Limited Livelihoods. Gender and Class in Nineteenth Century England (Routledge, London, 1992); Leonore Davidoff and Catherine Hall, Family Fortunes: Men and Women of the English Middle Class, 1780-1850 (Routledge, London, 1987).
10. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', pp. 1-46, esp. pp. 16-35.
11. Jürgen Kocka, 'New Trends in Labour Movement Historiography: A German Perspective', International Review of Social History, 42 (1997), pp. 67-78, esp. pp. 71-2. For the influence of the public/private dichotomy on the construction of labour history's categories of analysis, see Sonya O. Rose, 'Gender and Labor History: The Nineteenth-Century Legacy', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 145-62, the very reference in J. Kocka's article.
12. Jürgen Kocka, 'New Trends in Labour Movement Historiography: A German Perspective', International Review of Social History, 42 (1997), pp. 67-78, esp. pp. 71-2. For the influence of the public/private dichotomy on the construction of labour history's categories of analysis, see Sonya O. Rose, 'Gender and Labor History: The Nineteenth-Century Legacy', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 145-62, the very reference in J. Kocka's article.
13. See Keith McClelland, 'Introduction', in E. P. Thompson: Critical Perspectives, ed. H. J. Kaye and K. McClelland (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1990), p. 4; Geoff Eley, 'Is All the World a Text? From Social History to the History of Society Two Decades Later', in The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, ed. Terrence J. McDonald (The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1996), pp. 193-243; and Geoff Eley, 'Playing it Safe. Or: How is Social History Represented? The New Cambridge Social History of Britain', History Workshop Journal, 35 (1993), pp. 206-20; also most of the contributors in Lenard R. Berlanstein (ed.), Rethinking Labor History: Essays on Discourse and Class Analysis (University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago, 1993).
14. See Keith McClelland, 'Introduction', in E. P. Thompson: Critical Perspectives, ed. H. J. Kaye and K. McClelland (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1990), p. 4; Geoff Eley, 'Is All the World a Text? From Social History to the History of Society Two Decades Later', in The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, ed. Terrence J. McDonald (The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1996), pp. 193-243; and Geoff Eley, 'Playing it Safe. Or: How is Social History Represented? The New Cambridge Social History of Britain', History Workshop Journal, 35 (1993), pp. 206-20; also most of the contributors in Lenard R. Berlanstein (ed.), Rethinking Labor History: Essays on Discourse and Class Analysis (University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago, 1993).
15. See Keith McClelland, 'Introduction', in E. P. Thompson: Critical Perspectives, ed. H. J. Kaye and K. McClelland (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1990), p. 4; Geoff Eley, 'Is All the World a Text? From Social History to the History of Society Two Decades Later', in The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, ed. Terrence J. McDonald (The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1996), pp. 193-243; and Geoff Eley, 'Playing it Safe. Or: How is Social History Represented? The New Cambridge Social History of Britain', History Workshop Journal, 35 (1993), pp. 206-20; also most of the contributors in Lenard R. Berlanstein (ed.), Rethinking Labor History: Essays on Discourse and Class Analysis (University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago, 1993).
16. See Keith McClelland, 'Introduction', in E. P. Thompson: Critical Perspectives, ed. H. J. Kaye and K. McClelland (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1990), p. 4; Geoff Eley, 'Is All the World a Text? From Social History to the History of Society Two Decades Later', in The Historic Turn in the Human Sciences, ed. Terrence J. McDonald (The University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1996), pp. 193-243; and Geoff Eley, 'Playing it Safe. Or: How is Social History Represented? The New Cambridge Social History of Britain', History Workshop Journal, 35 (1993), pp. 206-20; also most of the contributors in Lenard R. Berlanstein (ed.), Rethinking Labor History: Essays on Discourse and Class Analysis (University of Illinois Press, Urbana and Chicago, 1993).
17. Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; Judith Bennett, 'Feminism and History', G&H, 1 (1989), pp. 251-72.
18. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; Rose, 'Gender and Labor History: The Nineteenth-Century Legacy'; Leonore Davidoff, 'Regarding Some "Old Husbands" Tales: Public and Private in Feminist History', in her Worlds Between: Historical Perspectives on Gender and Class (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995), pp. 227-76.
19. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; Rose, 'Gender and Labor History: The Nineteenth-Century Legacy'; Leonore Davidoff, 'Regarding Some "Old Husbands" Tales: Public and Private in Feminist History', in her Worlds Between: Historical Perspectives on Gender and Class (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995), pp. 227-76.
20. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; Rose, 'Gender and Labor History: The Nineteenth-Century Legacy'; Leonore Davidoff, 'Regarding Some "Old Husbands" Tales: Public and Private in Feminist History', in her Worlds Between: Historical Perspectives on Gender and Class (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1995), pp. 227-76.
21. Laura L. Frader and Sonya O. Rose, 'Introduction: Gender and the Reconstruction of European Working-Class History', in Gender and Class in Modern Europe, ed. Laura L. Frader and Sonya O. Rose (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1996), pp. 1-33, esp. pp. 13-19. See also Gay L. Gullickson, 'Commentary: New Labor History from the Perspective of a Women's Historian', in Rethinking Labor History, ed. Berlanstein, pp. 200-213; and Ruth Milkman, 'New Research In Women's Labor History', Signs, 18 (1993), pp. 376-88.
22. Laura L. Frader and Sonya O. Rose, 'Introduction: Gender and the Reconstruction of European Working-Class History', in Gender and Class in Modern Europe, ed. Laura L. Frader and Sonya O. Rose (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1996), pp. 1-33, esp. pp. 13-19. See also Gay L. Gullickson, 'Commentary: New Labor History from the Perspective of a Women's Historian', in Rethinking Labor History, ed. Berlanstein, pp. 200-213; and Ruth Milkman, 'New Research In Women's Labor History', Signs, 18 (1993), pp. 376-88.
23. Laura L. Frader and Sonya O. Rose, 'Introduction: Gender and the Reconstruction of European Working-Class History', in Gender and Class in Modern Europe, ed. Laura L. Frader and Sonya O. Rose (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1996), pp. 1-33, esp. pp. 13-19. See also Gay L. Gullickson, 'Commentary: New Labor History from the Perspective of a Women's Historian', in Rethinking Labor History, ed. Berlanstein, pp. 200-213; and Ruth Milkman, 'New Research In Women's Labor History', Signs, 18 (1993), pp. 376-88.
24. See in G&H: Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction: A Case Study from the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 31-49; also Wendy Goldman, 'A "Non-Antagonistic" Contradiction? The Waged and Unwaged Labor of Soviet Women', 3 (1991), pp. 337-44; and the following review essays: Bonnie Smith, 'Havens No More? Discourses of Domesticity', 2 (1990), pp. 98-102; Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar: Work, Culture and Gender', 2 (1990), pp. 343-8; Nancy Grey Osterud, 'Gender and Industrialization', 3 (1991), 97-103; Louise Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender', 4 (1992), pp. 90-95; Lena Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work: Rural Women in the Western World', 7 (1995), pp. 100-105.
25. See in G&H: Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction: A Case Study from the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 31-49; also Wendy Goldman, 'A "Non-Antagonistic" Contradiction? The Waged and Unwaged Labor of Soviet Women', 3 (1991), pp. 337-44; and the following review essays: Bonnie Smith, 'Havens No More? Discourses of Domesticity', 2 (1990), pp. 98-102; Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar: Work, Culture and Gender', 2 (1990), pp. 343-8; Nancy Grey Osterud, 'Gender and Industrialization', 3 (1991), 97-103; Louise Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender', 4 (1992), pp. 90-95; Lena Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work: Rural Women in the Western World', 7 (1995), pp. 100-105.
26. See in G&H: Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction: A Case Study from the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 31-49; also Wendy Goldman, 'A "Non-Antagonistic" Contradiction? The Waged and Unwaged Labor of Soviet Women', 3 (1991), pp. 337-44; and the following review essays: Bonnie Smith, 'Havens No More? Discourses of Domesticity', 2 (1990), pp. 98-102; Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar: Work, Culture and Gender', 2 (1990), pp. 343-8; Nancy Grey Osterud, 'Gender and Industrialization', 3 (1991), 97-103; Louise Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender', 4 (1992), pp. 90-95; Lena Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work: Rural Women in the Western World', 7 (1995), pp. 100-105.
27. See in G&H: Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction: A Case Study from the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 31-49; also Wendy Goldman, 'A "Non-Antagonistic" Contradiction? The Waged and Unwaged Labor of Soviet Women', 3 (1991), pp. 337-44; and the following review essays: Bonnie Smith, 'Havens No More? Discourses of Domesticity', 2 (1990), pp. 98-102; Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar: Work, Culture and Gender', 2 (1990), pp. 343-8; Nancy Grey Osterud, 'Gender and Industrialization', 3 (1991), 97-103; Louise Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender', 4 (1992), pp. 90-95; Lena Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work: Rural Women in the Western World', 7 (1995), pp. 100-105.
28. See in G&H: Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction: A Case Study from the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 31-49; also Wendy Goldman, 'A "Non-Antagonistic" Contradiction? The Waged and Unwaged Labor of Soviet Women', 3 (1991), pp. 337-44; and the following review essays: Bonnie Smith, 'Havens No More? Discourses of Domesticity', 2 (1990), pp. 98-102; Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar: Work, Culture and Gender', 2 (1990), pp. 343-8; Nancy Grey Osterud, 'Gender and Industrialization', 3 (1991), 97-103; Louise Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender', 4 (1992), pp. 90-95; Lena Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work: Rural Women in the Western World', 7 (1995), pp. 100-105.
29. See in G&H: Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction: A Case Study from the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 31-49; also Wendy Goldman, 'A "Non-Antagonistic" Contradiction? The Waged and Unwaged Labor of Soviet Women', 3 (1991), pp. 337-44; and the following review essays: Bonnie Smith, 'Havens No More? Discourses of Domesticity', 2 (1990), pp. 98-102; Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar: Work, Culture and Gender', 2 (1990), pp. 343-8; Nancy Grey Osterud, 'Gender and Industrialization', 3 (1991), 97-103; Louise Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender', 4 (1992), pp. 90-95; Lena Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work: Rural Women in the Western World', 7 (1995), pp. 100-105.
30. See in G&H: Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction: A Case Study from the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 31-49; also Wendy Goldman, 'A "Non-Antagonistic" Contradiction? The Waged and Unwaged Labor of Soviet Women', 3 (1991), pp. 337-44; and the following review essays: Bonnie Smith, 'Havens No More? Discourses of Domesticity', 2 (1990), pp. 98-102; Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar: Work, Culture and Gender', 2 (1990), pp. 343-8; Nancy Grey Osterud, 'Gender and Industrialization', 3 (1991), 97-103; Louise Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender', 4 (1992), pp. 90-95; Lena Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work: Rural Women in the Western World', 7 (1995), pp. 100-105.
31. Kessler-Harris, 'Gender Ideology in Historical Reconstruction'.
32. See Miriam Glucksmann, review of Alice Kessler-Harris, A Woman's Wage: Historical Meanings and Social Consequences (The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, 1990), G&H, 3 (1991), p. 369, and her remark that the public/private dichotomy is not so relevant for British and European women's history, while in the context of American women's history it is related to the debate around the concept of 'female sphere' and its inadequacy for understanding working-class women's lives. For the American debate see references in Susan M. Reverby and Dorothy O. Helly, 'Converging on History', in Gendered Domains: Rethinking Public and Private in Women's History, ed. Dorothy O. Helly and Susan M. Reverby (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1992), pp. 1-24.
33. See Miriam Glucksmann, review of Alice Kessler-Harris, A Woman's Wage: Historical Meanings and Social Consequences (The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, 1990), G&H, 3 (1991), p. 369, and her remark that the public/private dichotomy is not so relevant for British and European women's history, while in the context of American women's history it is related to the debate around the concept of 'female sphere' and its inadequacy for understanding working-class women's lives. For the American debate see references in Susan M. Reverby and Dorothy O. Helly, 'Converging on History', in Gendered Domains: Rethinking Public and Private in Women's History, ed. Dorothy O. Helly and Susan M. Reverby (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1992), pp. 1-24.
34. See Miriam Glucksmann, review of Alice Kessler-Harris, A Woman's Wage: Historical Meanings and Social Consequences (The University Press of Kentucky, Lexington, 1990), G&H, 3 (1991), p. 369, and her remark that the public/private dichotomy is not so relevant for British and European women's history, while in the context of American women's history it is related to the debate around the concept of 'female sphere' and its inadequacy for understanding working-class women's lives. For the American debate see references in Susan M. Reverby and Dorothy O. Helly, 'Converging on History', in Gendered Domains: Rethinking Public and Private in Women's History, ed. Dorothy O. Helly and Susan M. Reverby (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1992), pp. 1-24.
35. See G&H review essays in note 9 and Rosemary Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', 5 (1993), pp. 295-301.
36. Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Treating the Male as "Other": Redefining the Parameters of Labor History', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 190-204.
37. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
38. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
39. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
40. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
41. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
42. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
43. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
44. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
45. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
46. See in G&H: for agricultural work: Sommestad, 'Rethinking Gender and Work', and Lena Sommestad, 'Able Dairymaids and Proficient Dairymen: Education and De-Feminization in the Swedish Dairy Industry', 4 (1992), pp. 34-48; service work is dealt with mainly in reviews: Carol Elizabeth Adams, 'White-Blouse and White-Collar'; Margaret Hedstrom, 4 (1992), pp. 426-9; and Ellen Jordan, 9 (1997), pp. 156-9; as well as in: Ellen Jordan, 'The Lady Clerks at the Prudential: The Beginning of Vertical Segregation by Sex in Clerical Work in Nineteenth-Century Britain', 8 (1996), pp. 65-81; for middle-class professions: Carol Dyhouse, 'Women Students and the London Medical Schools, 1914-39: The Anatomy of a Masculine Culture', 10 (1998), pp. 110-32; Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender identities in an Industrializing Society: The Case of Norway c. 1870-1914', 2 (1990), pp. 131-47; and Joyce S. Pedersen, 10 (1998), pp. 333-4 (review); for historical periods preceding the nineteenth century: Merry E. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany', 1 (1989), pp. 125-37; Tilly, 'Women and Work, plus Gender'.
47. See, among others, Davidoff and Hall, Family Fortunes; Catherine Hall, White, Male and Middle-class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992); Ute Frevert (ed.), Bürgerinnen und Bürger: Geschlechterverhältnisse im 19. Jahrhundert (Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1988); Ute Frevert, 'Classe et genre dans la bourgeoisie allemande du XIXe s.', Genèses, 9 (1991), pp. 5-28; Mary Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class: The Family in Oneida County, New York, 1790-1865 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981).
48. See, among others, Davidoff and Hall, Family Fortunes; Catherine Hall, White, Male and Middle-class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992); Ute Frevert (ed.), Bürgerinnen und Bürger: Geschlechterverhältnisse im 19. Jahrhundert (Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1988); Ute Frevert, 'Classe et genre dans la bourgeoisie allemande du XIXe s.', Genèses, 9 (1991), pp. 5-28; Mary Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class: The Family in Oneida County, New York, 1790-1865 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981).
49. See, among others, Davidoff and Hall, Family Fortunes; Catherine Hall, White, Male and Middle-class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992); Ute Frevert (ed.), Bürgerinnen und Bürger: Geschlechterverhältnisse im 19. Jahrhundert (Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1988); Ute Frevert, 'Classe et genre dans la bourgeoisie allemande du XIXe s.', Genèses, 9 (1991), pp. 5-28; Mary Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class: The Family in Oneida County, New York, 1790-1865 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981).
50. See, among others, Davidoff and Hall, Family Fortunes; Catherine Hall, White, Male and Middle-class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992); Ute Frevert (ed.), Bürgerinnen und Bürger: Geschlechterverhältnisse im 19. Jahrhundert (Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1988); Ute Frevert, 'Classe et genre dans la bourgeoisie allemande du XIXe s.', Genèses, 9 (1991), pp. 5-28; Mary Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class: The Family in Oneida County, New York, 1790-1865 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981).
51. See, among others, Davidoff and Hall, Family Fortunes; Catherine Hall, White, Male and Middle-class: Explorations in Feminism and History (Polity Press, Cambridge, 1992); Ute Frevert (ed.), Bürgerinnen und Bürger: Geschlechterverhältnisse im 19. Jahrhundert (Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, Göttingen, 1988); Ute Frevert, 'Classe et genre dans la bourgeoisie allemande du XIXe s.', Genèses, 9 (1991), pp. 5-28; Mary Ryan, Cradle of the Middle Class: The Family in Oneida County, New York, 1790-1865 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1981).
52. Susan Levine, 'Workers' Wives: Gender, Class and Consumerism in the 1920s United States', G&H, 3 (1991), pp. 45-64.
53. In G&H: Lynn Abrams, 'Concubinage, Cohabitation and the Law: Class and Gender Relations in Nineteenth-Century Germany', 5 (1993), pp. 81-100; Barbara Littlewood and Linda Mahood, 'Prostitutes, Magdalenes and Wayward Girls: Dangerous Sexualities of Working Class Women in Victorian Scotland', 3 (1991), pp. 160-75; see also Ginger S. Frost, '"I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie": Women, Class and Breach of Promise of Marriage Plaintiffs in England, 1850-1900', 6 (1994), pp. 224-45.
54. In G&H: Lynn Abrams, 'Concubinage, Cohabitation and the Law: Class and Gender Relations in Nineteenth-Century Germany', 5 (1993), pp. 81-100; Barbara Littlewood and Linda Mahood, 'Prostitutes, Magdalenes and Wayward Girls: Dangerous Sexualities of Working Class Women in Victorian Scotland', 3 (1991), pp. 160-75; see also Ginger S. Frost, '"I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie": Women, Class and Breach of Promise of Marriage Plaintiffs in England, 1850-1900', 6 (1994), pp. 224-45.
55. In G&H: Lynn Abrams, 'Concubinage, Cohabitation and the Law: Class and Gender Relations in Nineteenth-Century Germany', 5 (1993), pp. 81-100; Barbara Littlewood and Linda Mahood, 'Prostitutes, Magdalenes and Wayward Girls: Dangerous Sexualities of Working Class Women in Victorian Scotland', 3 (1991), pp. 160-75; see also Ginger S. Frost, '"I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie": Women, Class and Breach of Promise of Marriage Plaintiffs in England, 1850-1900', 6 (1994), pp. 224-45.
56. Donna J. Guy, 'Public Health, Gender, and Private Morality: Paid Labor and the Formation of the Body Politic in Buenos Aires', G&H, 2 (1990), pp. 297-317.
57. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
58. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
59. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
60. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
61. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
62. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
63. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
64. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
65. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
66. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
67. See in G&H: Hilary Land, Introduction to special issue on 'Motherhood, Race and the State in the Twentieth Century', 4 (1992), pp. 283-92; Jane Lewis, 'Women's Agency, Maternalism and Welfare', 6 (1994), pp. 117-23 (review essay); Renate Howe, 'Gender and the Welfare State: Comparative Perspectives', 8 (1996), pp. 138-42 (review essay). See also Linda Gordon (ed.), Women, the State, and Welfare (The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison, 1990); Seth Koven and Sonya Michel (eds), Mothers of a New World: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States (Routledge, New York and London, 1993); Jane Lewis (ed.), Women and Social Policies in Europe: Work, Family and the State (Edward Elgar, Aldershot, 1993); Gisela Bock and Pat Thane (eds), Maternity and Gender Policies: Women and the Rise of the European Welfare States 1880s-1950s (Routledge, New York and London, 1991); Susan Pedersen, Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France 1914-1945 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1993); Leora Auslander and Michelle Zancarini-Fournel (eds), Différence des sexes et protection sociale (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Presses Universitaires de Vincennes, Paris, 1995); Alisa Del Re, Les femmes et l'Etat-providence: Les politiques sociales en France dans les années trente (L'Harmattan, Paris, 1994); and Anne Cova, Maternité et droits des femmes en France (XIXe-XXe siècles) (Anthropos, Paris, 1997).
68. In G&H: Robert Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs in the North of England, 1830-1860', 5 (1993), pp. 56-80; see also note 19, and for the case of Greece, Efi Avdela, 'Contested Meanings: Protection and Resistance in Labor Inspectors' Reports in Twentieth Century Greece', 9 (1997), pp. 310-32. Also Ulla Wikander, Alice Kessler-Harris and Jane Lewis (eds), Protecting Women: Labor Legislation in Europe, the United States, and Australia, 1890-1920 (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1995); Mary Lynn Stewart, Women, Work and the French State: Labour Protection and Social Patriarchy, 1879-1919 (McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Montreal and London, 1989); and Joan Scott, 'La travailleuse', in Le XIXe siècle, ed. Geneviève Fraisse and Michelle Perrot, volume 4 of Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot (eds), Histoire des femmes en Occident (Plon, Paris, 1991), pp. 419-44.
69. In G&H: Robert Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs in the North of England, 1830-1860', 5 (1993), pp. 56-80; see also note 19, and for the case of Greece, Efi Avdela, 'Contested Meanings: Protection and Resistance in Labor Inspectors' Reports in Twentieth Century Greece', 9 (1997), pp. 310-32. Also Ulla Wikander, Alice Kessler-Harris and Jane Lewis (eds), Protecting Women: Labor Legislation in Europe, the United States, and Australia, 1890-1920 (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1995); Mary Lynn Stewart, Women, Work and the French State: Labour Protection and Social Patriarchy, 1879-1919 (McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Montreal and London, 1989); and Joan Scott, 'La travailleuse', in Le XIXe siècle, ed. Geneviève Fraisse and Michelle Perrot, volume 4 of Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot (eds), Histoire des femmes en Occident (Plon, Paris, 1991), pp. 419-44.
70. In G&H: Robert Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs in the North of England, 1830-1860', 5 (1993), pp. 56-80; see also note 19, and
71. In G&H: Robert Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs in the North of England, 1830-1860', 5 (1993), pp. 56-80; see also note 19, and for the case of Greece, Efi Avdela, 'Contested Meanings: Protection and Resistance in Labor Inspectors' Reports in Twentieth Century Greece', 9 (1997), pp. 310-32. Also Ulla Wikander, Alice Kessler-Harris and Jane Lewis (eds), Protecting Women: Labor Legislation in Europe, the United States, and Australia, 1890-1920 (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1995); Mary Lynn Stewart, Women, Work and the French State: Labour Protection and Social Patriarchy, 1879-1919 (McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Montreal and London, 1989); and Joan Scott, 'La travailleuse', in Le XIXe siècle, ed. Geneviève Fraisse and Michelle Perrot, volume 4 of Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot (eds), Histoire des femmes en Occident (Plon, Paris, 1991), pp. 419-44.
72. In G&H: Robert Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs in the North of England, 1830-1860', 5 (1993), pp. 56-80; see also note 19, and for the case of Greece, Efi Avdela, 'Contested Meanings: Protection and Resistance in Labor Inspectors' Reports in Twentieth Century Greece', 9 (1997), pp. 310-32. Also Ulla Wikander, Alice Kessler-Harris and Jane Lewis (eds), Protecting Women: Labor Legislation in Europe, the United States, and Australia, 1890-1920 (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1995); Mary Lynn Stewart, Women, Work and the French State: Labour Protection and Social Patriarchy, 1879-1919 (McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Montreal and London, 1989); and Joan Scott, 'La travailleuse', in Le XIXe siècle, ed. Geneviève Fraisse and Michelle Perrot, volume 4 of Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot (eds), Histoire des femmes en Occident (Plon, Paris, 1991), pp. 419-44.
73. In G&H: Robert Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs in the North of England, 1830-1860', 5 (1993), pp. 56-80; see also note 19, and for the case of Greece, Efi Avdela, 'Contested Meanings: Protection and Resistance in Labor Inspectors' Reports in Twentieth Century Greece', 9 (1997), pp. 310-32. Also Ulla Wikander, Alice Kessler-Harris and Jane Lewis (eds), Protecting Women: Labor Legislation in Europe, the United States, and Australia, 1890-1920 (University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 1995); Mary Lynn Stewart, Women, Work and the French State: Labour Protection and Social Patriarchy, 1879-1919 (McGill-Queen's University Press, Kingston, Montreal and London, 1989); and Joan Scott, 'La travailleuse', in Le XIXe siècle, ed. Geneviève Fraisse and Michelle Perrot, volume 4 of Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot (eds), Histoire des femmes en Occident (Plon, Paris, 1991), pp. 419-44.
74. The attention given to race or ethnicity in historical scholarship on gender and class is less developed in Britain than in America. See Hall, White, Male, and Middle Class.
75. In G&H: Keith McClelland, 'Some Thoughts on Masculinity and the "Representative Artisan" in Britain, 1850-1880', 1 (1989), pp. 164-77; Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs'; see also Bruce Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood: Gender and the Great Strike in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand', 9 (1997), pp. 285-309; Theodore Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class', 9 (1997), pp. 333-63.
76. In G&H: Keith McClelland, 'Some Thoughts on Masculinity and the "Representative Artisan" in Britain, 1850-1880', 1 (1989), pp. 164-77; Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs'; see also Bruce Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood: Gender and the Great Strike in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand', 9 (1997), pp. 285-309; Theodore Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class', 9 (1997), pp. 333-63.
77. In G&H: Keith McClelland, 'Some Thoughts on Masculinity and the "Representative Artisan" in Britain, 1850-1880', 1 (1989), pp. 164-77; Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs'; see also Bruce Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood: Gender and the Great Strike in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand', 9 (1997), pp. 285-309; Theodore Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class', 9 (1997), pp. 333-63.
78. In G&H: Keith McClelland, 'Some Thoughts on Masculinity and the "Representative Artisan" in Britain, 1850-1880', 1 (1989), pp. 164-77; Gray, 'Factory Legislation and the Gendering of Jobs'; see also Bruce Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood: Gender and the Great Strike in Australia and Aotearoa/New Zealand', 9 (1997), pp. 285-309; Theodore Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class', 9 (1997), pp. 333-63.
79. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
80. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
81. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
82. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
83. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
84. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
85. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
86. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
87. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
88. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
89. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
90. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
91. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
92. See in G&H: Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work in Early Modern Germany'; Elizabeth Faue, "The Dynamo of Change": Gender and Solidarity in the American Labour Movement of the 1930s', 1 (1989), pp. 138-58; Cynthia Cockburn, Introduction to 'Forum: Formations of Masculinity', 1 (1989), pp. 159-63; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Ava Baron, 'Questions of Gender: Deskilling and Demasculinization in the U.S. Printing Industry, 1830-1915', 1 (1989), pp. 178-99; Ella Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People: Gender and Skill in Northern Sweden, 1850-1950', 1 (1989), pp. 200-212; Sonya O. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others: The Language of Gender and the Lancashire Weavers' Strike of 1878 in Britain', 5 (1993), pp. 382-97; Mary H. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance: Labor Politics and the Meanings of Masculinity in the Mid-Nineteenth-Century New England Textile Industry', 5 (1993), pp. 398-415; Scales, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; John Tosh, 3 (1991), pp. 220-22 (review); more generally on the issue: Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'; David Morgan, 2 (1990), pp. 34-9 (review) and Frank Mort, 'Crisis Points: Masculinities in History and Social Theory', 6, pp. 124-30 (review essay). See also Ava Baron, 'On Looking at Men: Masculinity and the Making of a Gendered Working-Class History', in Feminists Revision History, ed. Ann-Louise Shapiro (Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 1994), pp. 146-71.
93. 'Why Gender and History?', G&H, 1 (1989), pp. 1-6.
94. See in G&H: for antagonisms in the workplace and workers' protest: Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; for men in unions and parties: Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Karen Hagemann, 'Men's Demonstrations and Women's Protest: Gender in Collective Action in the Urban Working-Class Milieu during the Weimar Republic', 5 (1993), pp. 101-19; Robert Stuart, 'Gendered Labour in the Ideological Discourse of French Marxism: The Parti Ouvrier Français, 1882-1905', 9 (1997), pp. 107-29.
95. See in G&H: for antagonisms in the workplace and workers' protest: Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; for men in unions and parties: Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Karen Hagemann, 'Men's Demonstrations and Women's Protest: Gender in Collective Action in the Urban Working-Class Milieu during the Weimar Republic', 5 (1993), pp. 101-19; Robert Stuart, 'Gendered Labour in the Ideological Discourse of French Marxism: The Parti Ouvrier Français, 1882-1905', 9 (1997), pp. 107-29.
96. See in G&H: for antagonisms in the workplace and workers' protest: Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; for men in unions and parties: Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Karen Hagemann, 'Men's Demonstrations and Women's Protest: Gender in Collective Action in the Urban Working-Class Milieu during the Weimar Republic', 5 (1993), pp. 101-19; Robert Stuart, 'Gendered Labour in the Ideological Discourse of French Marxism: The Parti Ouvrier Français, 1882-1905', 9 (1997), pp. 107-29.
97. See in G&H: for antagonisms in the workplace and workers' protest: Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; for men in unions and parties: Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Karen Hagemann, 'Men's Demonstrations and Women's Protest: Gender in Collective Action in the Urban Working-Class Milieu during the Weimar Republic', 5 (1993), pp. 101-19; Robert Stuart, 'Gendered Labour in the Ideological Discourse of French Marxism: The Parti Ouvrier Français, 1882-1905', 9 (1997), pp. 107-29.
98. See in G&H: for antagonisms in the workplace and workers' protest: Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; for men in unions and parties: Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Karen Hagemann, 'Men's Demonstrations and Women's Protest: Gender in Collective Action in the Urban Working-Class Milieu during the Weimar Republic', 5 (1993), pp. 101-19; Robert Stuart, 'Gendered Labour in the Ideological Discourse of French Marxism: The Parti Ouvrier Français, 1882-1905', 9 (1997), pp. 107-29.
99. See in G&H: for antagonisms in the workplace and workers' protest: Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; for men in unions and parties: Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Karen Hagemann, 'Men's Demonstrations and Women's Protest: Gender in Collective Action in the Urban Working-Class Milieu during the Weimar Republic', 5 (1993), pp. 101-19; Robert Stuart, 'Gendered Labour in the Ideological Discourse of French Marxism: The Parti Ouvrier Français, 1882-1905', 9 (1997), pp. 107-29.
100. See in G&H: for antagonisms in the workplace and workers' protest: Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; for men in unions and parties: Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Karen Hagemann, 'Men's Demonstrations and Women's Protest: Gender in Collective Action in the Urban Working-Class Milieu during the Weimar Republic', 5 (1993), pp. 101-19; Robert Stuart, 'Gendered Labour in the Ideological Discourse of French Marxism: The Parti Ouvrier Français, 1882-1905', 9 (1997), pp. 107-29.
101. See A. James Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music": Respectability and Domestic Violence in Victorian England', G&H, 3 (1991), pp. 23-44; also McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'.
102. See A. James Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music": Respectability and Domestic Violence in Victorian England', G&H, 3 (1991), pp. 23-44; also McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'.
103. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'.
104. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'.
105. Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'.
106. Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'.
107. Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'.
108. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People'.
109. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women and Good Work People'.
110. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'.
111. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Eleanor Gordon, G&H, 5 (1993), pp. 442-4 (review); Ellen Ross, G&H, 6 (1994), pp. 297-8 (review); Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music"'.
112. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Eleanor Gordon, G&H, 5 (1993), pp. 442-4 (review); Ellen Ross, G&H, 6 (1994), pp. 297-8 (review); Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music"'.
113. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Eleanor Gordon, G&H, 5 (1993), pp. 442-4 (review); Ellen Ross, G&H, 6 (1994), pp. 297-8 (review); Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music"'.
114. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Eleanor Gordon, G&H, 5 (1993), pp. 442-4 (review); Ellen Ross, G&H, 6 (1994), pp. 297-8 (review); Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music"'.
115. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Eleanor Gordon, G&H, 5 (1993), pp. 442-4 (review); Ellen Ross, G&H, 6 (1994), pp. 297-8 (review); Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music"'.
116. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Eleanor Gordon, G&H, 5 (1993), pp. 442-4 (review); Ellen Ross, G&H, 6 (1994), pp. 297-8 (review); Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music"'.
117. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Eleanor Gordon, G&H, 5 (1993), pp. 442-4 (review); Ellen Ross, G&H, 6 (1994), pp. 297-8 (review); Hammerton, 'The Targets of "Rough Music"'.
118. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work'; Patrick Harris, 'Symbols and Sexuality: Culture and Identity on the Early Witwatersrand Gold Mines', G&H, 2 (1990), pp. 318-36; also Tosh, G&H, 3 (review).
119. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work'; Patrick Harris, 'Symbols and Sexuality: Culture and Identity on the Early Witwatersrand Gold Mines', G&H, 2 (1990), pp. 318-36; also Tosh, G&H, 3 (review).
120. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work'; Patrick Harris, 'Symbols and Sexuality: Culture and Identity on the Early Witwatersrand Gold Mines', G&H, 2 (1990), pp. 318-36; also Tosh, G&H, 3 (review).
121. Avdela, 'Contested Meanings'; Gray, 'Factory Legislation'.
122. Avdela, 'Contested Meanings'; Gray, 'Factory Legislation'.
123. Wiesner, 'Guilds, Male Bonding and Women's Work'.
124. Faue, '"The Dynamo of Change"'.
125. McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'.
126. McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'.
127. McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'.
128. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'.
129. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'.
130. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others'; Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'.
131. Baron, 'Questions of Gender'.
132. In G&H: Cockburn, Introduction; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women'; Arwen Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron: Gender, Skill and Mechanization in the American Steam Laundry Industry', 8 (1996), pp. 231-51; Harriet Bradley, 4 (1992), pp. 413-15 (review); Rosalind McClean, 6 (1994), pp. 144-5 (review).
133. In G&H: Cockburn, Introduction; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women'; Arwen Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron: Gender, Skill and Mechanization in the American Steam Laundry Industry', 8 (1996), pp. 231-51; Harriet Bradley, 4 (1992), pp. 413-15 (review); Rosalind McClean, 6 (1994), pp. 144-5 (review).
134. In G&H: Cockburn, Introduction; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women'; Arwen Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron: Gender, Skill and Mechanization in the American Steam Laundry Industry', 8 (1996), pp. 231-51; Harriet Bradley, 4 (1992), pp. 413-15 (review); Rosalind McClean, 6 (1994), pp. 144-5 (review).
135. In G&H: Cockburn, Introduction; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women'; Arwen Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron: Gender, Skill and Mechanization in the American Steam Laundry Industry', 8 (1996), pp. 231-51; Harriet Bradley, 4 (1992), pp. 413-15 (review); Rosalind McClean, 6 (1994), pp. 144-5 (review).
136. In G&H: Cockburn, Introduction; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women'; Arwen Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron: Gender, Skill and Mechanization in the American Steam Laundry Industry', 8 (1996), pp. 231-51; Harriet Bradley, 4 (1992), pp. 413-15 (review); Rosalind McClean, 6 (1994), pp. 144-5 (review).
137. In G&H: Cockburn, Introduction; McClelland, 'Some Thoughts'; Johansson, 'Beautiful Men, Fine Women'; Arwen Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron: Gender, Skill and Mechanization in the American Steam Laundry Industry', 8 (1996), pp. 231-51; Harriet Bradley, 4 (1992), pp. 413-15 (review); Rosalind McClean, 6 (1994), pp. 144-5 (review).
138. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 21. For early feminist critics on the notion of skill in working-class history, see Barbara Taylor and Anne Phillips, 'Sex and Skill: Notes Toward a Feminist Economies', Feminist Review, 9 (1980), pp. 1-15; Mary Freifeld, 'Technological Change and the "Self-Acting" Mule: A Study of Skill and the Sexual Division of Labour', Social History, 11 (1986), pp. 319-43. See also Gullickson, 'Commentary'.
139. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 21. For early feminist critics on the notion of skill in working-class history, see Barbara Taylor and Anne Phillips, 'Sex and Skill: Notes Toward a Feminist Economies', Feminist Review, 9 (1980), pp. 1-15; Mary Freifeld, 'Technological Change and the "Self-Acting" Mule: A Study of Skill and the Sexual Division of Labour', Social History, 11 (1986), pp. 319-43. See also Gullickson, 'Commentary'.
140. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 21. For early feminist critics on the notion of skill in working-class history, see Barbara Taylor and Anne Phillips, 'Sex and Skill: Notes Toward a Feminist Economies', Feminist Review, 9 (1980), pp. 1-15; Mary Freifeld, 'Technological Change and the "Self-Acting" Mule: A Study of Skill and the Sexual Division of Labour', Social History, 11 (1986), pp. 319-43. See also Gullickson, 'Commentary'.
141. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 21. For early feminist critics on the notion of skill in working-class history, see Barbara Taylor and Anne Phillips, 'Sex and Skill: Notes Toward a Feminist Economies', Feminist Review, 9 (1980), pp. 1-15; Mary Freifeld, 'Technological Change and the "Self-Acting" Mule: A Study of Skill and the Sexual Division of Labour', Social History, 11 (1986), pp. 319-43. See also Gullickson, 'Commentary'.
142. See in G&H remarks by Jutta Schwarzkopf, 7 (1995), pp. 130-32 (review); and Miriam A. Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't (But in Fact They All Do Really); Some Will, Some Won't; Some Have, Some Haven't: Women, Men, Work, and Washing Machines in Inter-War Britain', 7 (1995), p. 292 n. 9; also Bradley, 4 (review); and Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender Identities in an Industrializing Society'.
143. See in G&H remarks by Jutta Schwarzkopf, 7 (1995), pp. 130-32 (review); and Miriam A. Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't (But in Fact They All Do Really); Some Will, Some Won't; Some Have, Some Haven't: Women, Men, Work, and Washing Machines in Inter-War Britain', 7 (1995), p. 292 n. 9; also Bradley, 4 (review); and Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender Identities in an Industrializing Society'.
144. See in G&H remarks by Jutta Schwarzkopf, 7 (1995), pp. 130-32 (review); and Miriam A. Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't (But in Fact They All Do Really); Some Will, Some Won't; Some Have, Some Haven't: Women, Men, Work, and Washing Machines in Inter-War Britain', 7 (1995), p. 292 n. 9; also Bradley, 4 (review); and Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender Identities in an Industrializing Society'.
145. See in G&H remarks by Jutta Schwarzkopf, 7 (1995), pp. 130-32 (review); and Miriam A. Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't (But in Fact They All Do Really); Some Will, Some Won't; Some Have, Some Haven't: Women, Men, Work, and Washing Machines in Inter-War Britain', 7 (1995), p. 292 n. 9; also Bradley, 4 (review); and Ida Blom, 'Changing Gender Identities in an Industrializing Society'.
146. For contributions that examine the issues of the differences among women and of the fluidity of gender, see Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron'; Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't'; Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class'; Frost, '"I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie"'.
147. For contributions that examine the issues of the differences among women and of the fluidity of gender, see Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron'; Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't'; Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class'; Frost, '"I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie"'.
148. For contributions that examine the issues of the differences among women and of the fluidity of gender, see Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron'; Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't'; Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class'; Frost, '"I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie"'.
149. For contributions that examine the issues of the differences among women and of the fluidity of gender, see Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron'; Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't'; Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class'; Frost, '"I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie"'.
150. For contributions that examine the issues of the differences among women and of the fluidity of gender, see Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Mohun, 'Why Mrs Harrison Never Learned to Iron'; Glucksmann, 'Some Do, Some Don't'; Koditschek, 'The Gendering of the British Working Class'; Frost, '"I Shall Not Sit Down and Crie"'.
151. See note 37 and Baron, 'Questions of Gender'.
152. It would be interesting to relate this deficiency to the contention, recently put forward by a leading German historian, that the crystallisation of manliness has historically been more important than femininity in the construction of the norm on which the public and private dichotomy was based. See George L. Mosse, L'Image de l'Homme: L'invention de la virilité moderne, trans. Michèle Hechter (Abbeville, Paris, 1997).
153. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 30.
154. Rose, 'Respectable Men, Disorderly Others', p. 393.
155. Blewett, 'Deference and Defiance'.
156. Margaret Hobbs, 'Rethinking Antifeminism in the 1930s: Gender Crisis or Workplace Justice? A Response to Alice Kessler-Harris', G&H, 5 (1993), pp. 4-15.
157. 'Why Gender and History?', pp. 1-6.
158. Hobbs, 'Rethinking Antifeminism'; see also Cockburn, Introduction.
159. Hobbs, 'Rethinking Antifeminism'; see also Cockburn, Introduction.
160. Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Reply to Hobbs', G&H, 5, pp. 16-19; for the notion of gender as metaphor, see also Guy, 'Public Health, Gender, and Private Morality'. See also Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'.
161. Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Reply to Hobbs', G&H, 5, pp. 16-19; for the notion of gender as metaphor, see also Guy, 'Public Health, Gender, and Private Morality'. See also Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'.
162. Alice Kessler-Harris, 'Reply to Hobbs', G&H, 5, pp. 16-19; for the notion of gender as metaphor, see also Guy, 'Public Health, Gender, and Private Morality'. See also Bock, 'Women's History and Gender History'.
163. Baron,'Questions of Gender'.
164. See in G&H: Catherine Hall, 'Politics, Post-Structuralism and Feminist History', 3 (1991 ), pp. 204-10; Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Gordon, review of Baron (ed.), Work Engendered; and Schwarzkopf, review of Kathleen Canning, Languages of Labor and Gender: Female Factory Work in Germany, 1850-1914 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1996).
165. See in G&H: Catherine Hall, 'Politics, Post-Structuralism and Feminist History', 3 (1991 ), pp. 204-10; Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Gordon, review of Baron (ed.), Work Engendered; and Schwarzkopf, review of Kathleen Canning, Languages of Labor and Gender: Female Factory Work in Germany, 1850-1914 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1996).
166. See in G&H: Catherine Hall, 'Politics, Post-Structuralism and Feminist History', 3 (1991 ), pp. 204-10; Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Gordon, review of Baron (ed.), Work Engendered; and Schwarzkopf, review of Kathleen Canning, Languages of Labor and Gender: Female Factory Work in Germany, 1850-1914 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1996).
167. See in G&H: Catherine Hall, 'Politics, Post-Structuralism and Feminist History', 3 (1991 ), pp. 204-10; Pringle, 'Rethinking Gender and Work'; Gordon, review of Baron (ed.), Work Engendered; and Schwarzkopf, review of Kathleen Canning, Languages of Labor and Gender: Female Factory Work in Germany, 1850-1914 (Cornell University Press, Ithaca and London, 1996).
168. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
169. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
170. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
171. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
172. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
173. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
174. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
175. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
176. The remark is made by Koditchek, 'The Gendering'; also Alice Kessler-Harris, 9 (1997), pp. 160-64, review of the books by Sally Alexander, Becoming A Woman And Other Essays In 19th And 20th Century Feminist History (Virago Press, London, 1994), and Davidoff, Worlds Between; see Scott, Gender and the Politics of History. For historical differences and similarities between British and American historical scholarship on work and gender, see Judith L. Newton, Mary P. Ryan, Judith R. Walkowitz, Editors' Introduction, in Sex and Class in Women's History, ed. Newton, Ryan and Walkowitz, (Routledge & Kegan Paul, London, 1983), pp. 1-15; J. Rendall, '"Uneven Developments"', pp. 45-57; Baron, 'Gender and Labor History'; and Elisabeth Faue, 'Gender and the Reconstruction of Labor History: An Introduction', Labor History, 34 (1993), pp. 169-77.
177. See Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; Kathleen Canning, 'Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience', Signs, 19 (1994), pp. 368-404; Gullickson, 'Commentary'; Laura L. Frader, 'Dessent over Discourse: Labor History, Gender, and the Linguistic Turn', History and Theory, 34 (1995), pp. 213-30; Mary Poovey, 'Feminism and Deconstruction', Feminist Studies, 14 (1988), pp. 51-65; William H. Sewell, Jr., 'Review Essay: Gender and the Politics of History. By Joan Wallach Scott ...', History and Theory, 29 (1990), pp. 71-82; Mariana Valverde, 'As If Subjects Existed: Analysing Social Discourses', Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (1991), pp. 173-87.
178. See Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; Kathleen Canning, 'Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience', Signs, 19 (1994), pp. 368-404; Gullickson, 'Commentary'; Laura L. Frader, 'Dessent over Discourse: Labor History, Gender, and the Linguistic Turn', History and Theory, 34 (1995), pp. 213-30; Mary Poovey, 'Feminism and Deconstruction', Feminist Studies, 14 (1988), pp. 51-65; William H. Sewell, Jr., 'Review Essay: Gender and the Politics of History. By Joan Wallach Scott ...', History and Theory, 29 (1990), pp. 71-82; Mariana Valverde, 'As If Subjects Existed: Analysing Social Discourses', Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (1991), pp. 173-87.
179. See Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; Kathleen Canning, 'Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience', Signs, 19 (1994), pp. 368-404; Gullickson, 'Commentary'; Laura L. Frader, 'Dessent over Discourse: Labor History, Gender, and the Linguistic Turn', History and Theory, 34 (1995), pp. 213-30; Mary Poovey, 'Feminism and Deconstruction', Feminist Studies, 14 (1988), pp. 51-65; William H. Sewell, Jr., 'Review Essay: Gender and the Politics of History. By Joan Wallach Scott ...', History and Theory, 29 (1990), pp. 71-82; Mariana Valverde, 'As If Subjects Existed: Analysing Social Discourses', Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (1991), pp. 173-87.
180. See Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; Kathleen Canning, 'Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience', Signs, 19 (1994), pp. 368-404; Gullickson, 'Commentary'; Laura L. Frader, 'Dessent over Discourse: Labor History, Gender, and the Linguistic Turn', History and Theory, 34 (1995), pp. 213-30; Mary Poovey, 'Feminism and Deconstruction', Feminist Studies, 14 (1988), pp. 51-65; William H. Sewell, Jr., 'Review Essay: Gender and the Politics of History. By Joan Wallach Scott ...', History and Theory, 29 (1990), pp. 71-82; Mariana Valverde, 'As If Subjects Existed: Analysing Social Discourses', Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (1991), pp. 173-87.
181. See Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; Kathleen Canning, 'Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience', Signs, 19 (1994), pp. 368-404; Gullickson, 'Commentary'; Laura L. Frader, 'Dessent over Discourse: Labor History, Gender, and the Linguistic Turn', History and Theory, 34 (1995), pp. 213-30; Mary Poovey, 'Feminism and Deconstruction', Feminist Studies, 14 (1988), pp. 51-65; William H. Sewell, Jr., 'Review Essay: Gender and the Politics of History. By Joan Wallach Scott ...', History and Theory, 29 (1990), pp. 71-82; Mariana Valverde, 'As If Subjects Existed: Analysing Social Discourses', Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (1991), pp. 173-87.
182. See Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; Kathleen Canning, 'Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience', Signs, 19 (1994), pp. 368-404; Gullickson, 'Commentary'; Laura L. Frader, 'Dessent over Discourse: Labor History, Gender, and the Linguistic Turn', History and Theory, 34 (1995), pp. 213-30; Mary Poovey, 'Feminism and Deconstruction', Feminist Studies, 14 (1988), pp. 51-65; William H. Sewell, Jr., 'Review Essay: Gender and the Politics of History. By Joan Wallach Scott ...', History and Theory, 29 (1990), pp. 71-82; Mariana Valverde, 'As If Subjects Existed: Analysing Social Discourses', Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (1991), pp. 173-87.
183. See Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; Kathleen Canning, 'Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience', Signs, 19 (1994), pp. 368-404; Gullickson, 'Commentary'; Laura L. Frader, 'Dessent over Discourse: Labor History, Gender, and the Linguistic Turn', History and Theory, 34 (1995), pp. 213-30; Mary Poovey, 'Feminism and Deconstruction', Feminist
184. See Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; Kathleen Canning, 'Feminist History after the Linguistic Turn: Historicizing Discourse and Experience', Signs, 19 (1994), pp. 368-404; Gullickson, 'Commentary'; Laura L. Frader, 'Dessent over Discourse: Labor History, Gender, and the Linguistic Turn', History and Theory, 34 (1995), pp. 213-30; Mary Poovey, 'Feminism and Deconstruction', Feminist Studies, 14 (1988), pp. 51-65; William H. Sewell, Jr., 'Review Essay: Gender and the Politics of History. By Joan Wallach Scott ...', History and Theory, 29 (1990), pp. 71-82; Mariana Valverde, 'As If Subjects Existed: Analysing Social Discourses', Canadian Review of Sociology and Anthropology, 28 (1991), pp. 173-87.
185. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 31. See also Rose, 'Respectable Men'; Avdela, 'Contested Meanings'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'.
186. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 31. See also Rose, 'Respectable Men'; Avdela, 'Contested Meanings'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'.
187. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 31. See also Rose, 'Respectable Men'; Avdela, 'Contested Meanings'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'.
188. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 31. See also Rose, 'Respectable Men'; Avdela, 'Contested Meanings'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'.
189. Baron, 'Gender and Labor History', p. 31. See also Rose, 'Respectable Men'; Avdela, 'Contested Meanings'; Scates, 'Mobilizing Manhood'; Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'.
190. 'Why Gender and History?', p. 4.
191. See for example the special issue on 'Feminisms and Internationalism', G&H, 10 (1998), ed. Mrinalini Sinha, Donna J. Guy and Angela Woollacott, as well as a number of papers scattered throughout the ten volumes.
192. See Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'; relevant remarks in Efi Avdela, 'Genere, famiglia e strategie del lavoro in Grecia', Passato e Presente, XV/41 (1997), p. 162; James E. Cronin, 'Neither Exceptional nor Peculiar: Towards the Comparative Study of Labor in Advanced Society', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 59-75; and Jürgen Kocka, 'Comparative Historical Research: German Examples', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 369-79.
193. See Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'; relevant remarks in Efi Avdela, 'Genere, famiglia e strategie del lavoro in Grecia', Passato e Presente, XV/41 (1997), p. 162; James E. Cronin, 'Neither Exceptional nor Peculiar: Towards the Comparative Study of Labor in Advanced Society', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 59-75; and Jürgen Kocka, 'Comparative Historical Research: German Examples', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 369-79.
194. See Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'; relevant remarks in Efi Avdela, 'Genere, famiglia e strategie del lavoro in Grecia', Passato e Presente, XV/41 (1997), p. 162; James E. Cronin, 'Neither Exceptional nor Peculiar: Towards the Comparative Study of Labor in Advanced Society', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 59-75; and Jürgen Kocka, 'Comparative Historical Research: German Examples', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 369-79.
195. See Frader and Rose, 'Introduction'; relevant remarks in Efi Avdela, 'Genere, famiglia e strategie del lavoro in Grecia', Passato e Presente, XV/41 (1997), p. 162; James E. Cronin, 'Neither Exceptional nor Peculiar: Towards the Comparative Study of Labor in Advanced Society', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 59-75; and Jürgen Kocka, 'Comparative Historical Research: German Examples', International Review of Social History, 38 (1993), pp. 369-79.
196. Gullickson, 'Commentary'. For the debate around the 'crisis' of labour history, see among others Berlanstein (ed.), Rethinking Labor History; Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; and Patrick Joyce, 'Refabricating Labour History; or, From Labour History to the History of Labour', Labour History Review, 62 (1997), pp. 147-52.
197. Gullickson, 'Commentary'. For the debate around the 'crisis' of labour history, see among others Berlanstein (ed.), Rethinking Labor History; Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; and Patrick Joyce, 'Refabricating Labour History; or, From Labour History to the History of Labour', Labour History Review, 62 (1997), pp. 147-52.
198. Gullickson, 'Commentary'. For the debate around the 'crisis' of labour history, see among others Berlanstein (ed.), Rethinking Labor History; Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; and Patrick Joyce, 'Refabricating Labour History; or, From Labour History to the History of Labour', Labour History Review, 62 (1997), pp. 147-52.
199. Gullickson, 'Commentary'. For the debate around the 'crisis' of labour history, see among others Berlanstein (ed.), Rethinking Labor History; Eley, 'Is All the World a Text?'; and Patrick Joyce, 'Refabricating Labour History; or, From Labour History to the History of Labour', Labour History Review, 62 (1997), pp. 147-52.
200. See Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, 'Partial Truths', Signs, 14 (1989), pp. 902-11; and Gianna Pomata, 'History, Particular and Universal: On Reading Some Recent Women's History Textbooks', Feminist Studies, 19 (1993), pp. 7-50.
201. See Jacquelyn Dowd Hall, 'Partial Truths', Signs, 14 (1989), pp. 902-11; and Gianna Pomata, 'History, Particular and Universal: On Reading Some Recent Women's History Textbooks', Feminist Studies, 19 (1993), pp. 7-50.