Newsroom topic teams: Journalists' assessments of effects on news routines and newspaper quality

Journalism and Mass Communication Quaterly

Volumn 75, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 803-821

  Hansen, Kathleen A ^a   Neuzil, Mark ^a   Ward, Jean ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0040094084     PISSN: 10776990     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/107769909807500413     Document Type: Article

References (88)

1. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
2. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
3. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
4. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
5. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
6. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
7. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
8. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
9. For example, Rebecca Ross Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," presstime, April 1995, 31-35; Peter Bhatia, "Change: Riding the Wave to a New Era," ASNE Bulletin, October 1994, 5-23; Nancy M. Davis, "News Holes, Inch by Inch," presstime, April 1996, 26-29; Nancy M. Davis, "Protecting the Franchise," presstime, February 1996, 27-30; Tom Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism," ASNE Bulletin, September 1993, 4-13; "Newspaper Cutbacks," Nieman Reports, Spring 1996, 2-37; Susan Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?," American Journalism Review, January/February 1996, 18-27; Carol Pogash, "The Shrinking L. A. Times," American Journalism Review, October 1995, 22-35; Doug Underwood, "When MBAs rule the newsroom," Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 1988, 23-30.
10. Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms," 32.
11. For example, Scott Johnson, "Newsroom circles," Quill, March 1993, 28-30; Carl Sessions Stepp, "Reinventing the Newsroom," American Journalism Review, April 1995, 28-33; Janet S. Weaver, "Wichita is doing fine without a copy desk," American Editor, January/February/March 1996, 14-16; Betty Wells, "Challenges of the 1990's are reshaping newsroom structures," ASNE Bulletin, December 1992, 4-11.
12. For example, Scott Johnson, "Newsroom circles," Quill, March 1993, 28-30; Carl Sessions Stepp, "Reinventing the Newsroom," American Journalism Review, April 1995, 28-33; Janet S. Weaver, "Wichita is doing fine without a copy desk," American Editor, January/February/March 1996, 14-16; Betty Wells, "Challenges of the 1990's are reshaping newsroom structures," ASNE Bulletin, December 1992, 4-11.
13. For example, Scott Johnson, "Newsroom circles," Quill, March 1993, 28-30; Carl Sessions Stepp, "Reinventing the Newsroom," American Journalism Review, April 1995, 28-33; Janet S. Weaver, "Wichita is doing fine without a copy desk," American Editor, January/February/March 1996, 14-16; Betty Wells, "Challenges of the 1990's are reshaping newsroom structures," ASNE Bulletin, December 1992, 4-11.
14. For example, Scott Johnson, "Newsroom circles," Quill, March 1993, 28-30; Carl Sessions Stepp, "Reinventing the Newsroom," American Journalism Review, April 1995, 28-33; Janet S. Weaver, "Wichita is doing fine without a copy desk," American Editor, January/February/March 1996, 14-16; Betty Wells, "Challenges of the 1990's are reshaping newsroom structures," ASNE Bulletin, December 1992, 4-11.
15. Jon R. Katzenbach and Douglas K. Smith, The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High-Performance Organization (Boston: Harvard Business School Press, 1993), 18.
16. Katzenbach and Smith, The Wisdom of Teams.
17. Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism"; Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms"; Jim Sachetti, "Journalists are loners," ASNE Bulletin, April 1995, 20-21; Stepp, "Reinventing the Newsroom."
18. Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism"; Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms"; Jim Sachetti, "Journalists are loners," ASNE Bulletin, April 1995, 20-21; Stepp, "Reinventing the Newsroom."
19. Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism"; Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms"; Jim Sachetti, "Journalists are loners," ASNE Bulletin, April 1995, 20-21; Stepp, "Reinventing the Newsroom."
20. Koenninger, "Newsroom Darwinism"; Albers, "New-Age Newsrooms"; Jim Sachetti, "Journalists are loners," ASNE Bulletin, April 1995, 20-21; Stepp, "Reinventing the Newsroom."
21. Kurt Foss, "Graphics Management Survey: Star Tribune, Newspaper of the Twin Cities" (unpublished paper, University of Missouri, 1989);
22. Gilbert L. Fowler and John Martin Shipman, "Pennsylvania Editors' Perceptions Of Communication in the Newsroom," Journalism Quarterly 61 (winter 1984): 822-26; Cecilie Gaziano and David C. Coulson, "Effect of Newsroom Management Styles on Journalists: A Case Study," Journalism Quarterly 65 (winter 1998): 869-80; Bill Kuykendall, "Tao and the Art of Newspaper Management: A Case Study of Participatory Decision-Making at the Seattle Times," (master's project, University of Minnesota, 1993); Cary B. Ziter, "Commentary: More Effective People Management Through QWL," Newspaper Research Journal 2 (April 1981): 64-69.
23. Gilbert L. Fowler and John Martin Shipman, "Pennsylvania Editors' Perceptions Of Communication in the Newsroom," Journalism Quarterly 61 (winter 1984): 822-26; Cecilie Gaziano and David C. Coulson, "Effect of Newsroom Management Styles on Journalists: A Case Study," Journalism Quarterly 65 (winter 1998): 869-80; Bill Kuykendall, "Tao and the Art of Newspaper Management: A Case Study of Participatory Decision-Making at the Seattle Times," (master's project, University of Minnesota, 1993); Cary B. Ziter, "Commentary: More Effective People Management Through QWL," Newspaper Research Journal 2 (April 1981): 64-69.
24. Gilbert L. Fowler and John Martin Shipman, "Pennsylvania Editors' Perceptions Of Communication in the Newsroom," Journalism Quarterly 61 (winter 1984): 822-26; Cecilie Gaziano and David C. Coulson, "Effect of Newsroom Management Styles on Journalists: A Case Study," Journalism Quarterly 65 (winter 1998): 869-80; Bill Kuykendall, "Tao and the Art of Newspaper Management: A Case Study of Participatory Decision-Making at the Seattle Times," (master's project, University of Minnesota, 1993); Cary B. Ziter, "Commentary: More Effective People Management Through QWL," Newspaper Research Journal 2 (April 1981): 64-69.
25. Gilbert L. Fowler and John Martin Shipman, "Pennsylvania Editors' Perceptions Of Communication in the Newsroom," Journalism Quarterly 61 (winter 1984): 822-26; Cecilie Gaziano and David C. Coulson, "Effect of Newsroom Management Styles on Journalists: A Case Study," Journalism Quarterly 65 (winter 1998): 869-80; Bill Kuykendall, "Tao and the Art of Newspaper Management: A Case Study of Participatory Decision-Making at the Seattle Times," (master's project, University of Minnesota, 1993); Cary B. Ziter, "Commentary: More Effective People Management Through QWL," Newspaper Research Journal 2 (April 1981): 64-69.
26. Ted Joseph, "Reporters' and Editors' Preferences Toward Reporter Decision Making," Journalism Quarterly 59 (summer 1982): 219-22, 248; Sharon H. Polansky and Douglas W.W. Hughes, "Managerial Innovation in Newspaper Organizations," Newspaper Research Journal 8 (fall 1986): 1-12; Ardyth B. Sohn and Leonard H. Chusmir, "The Motivational Perspectives of Newspaper Managers," Journalism Quarterly 62 (summer 1985): 296-303.
27. Ted Joseph, "Reporters' and Editors' Preferences Toward Reporter Decision Making," Journalism Quarterly 59 (summer 1982): 219-22, 248; Sharon H. Polansky and Douglas W.W. Hughes, "Managerial Innovation in Newspaper Organizations," Newspaper Research Journal 8 (fall 1986): 1-12; Ardyth B. Sohn and Leonard H. Chusmir, "The Motivational Perspectives of Newspaper Managers," Journalism Quarterly 62 (summer 1985): 296-303.
28. Ted Joseph, "Reporters' and Editors' Preferences Toward Reporter Decision Making," Journalism Quarterly 59 (summer 1982): 219-22, 248; Sharon H. Polansky and Douglas W.W. Hughes, "Managerial Innovation in Newspaper Organizations," Newspaper Research Journal 8 (fall 1986): 1-12; Ardyth B. Sohn and Leonard H. Chusmir, "The Motivational Perspectives of Newspaper Managers," Journalism Quarterly 62 (summer 1985): 296-303.
29. See the extensive literature review in David Pearce Demers, The Menace of the Corporate Newspaper: Fact or Fiction? (Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1996).
30. Randal A. Beam, "How Perceived Environmental Uncertainty Influences the Marketing Orientation of U.S. Daily Newspapers," Journalism Quarterly 73 (summer 1996): 285-303; Doug Underwood and Keith Stamm, "Balancing Business with Journalism: Newsroom Policies at 12 West Coast Newspapers," Journalism Quarterly 69 (summer 1992): 301-317; Doug Underwood, When MBAs Rule the Newsroom (NY: Columbia University Press, 1993).
31. Randal A. Beam, "How Perceived Environmental Uncertainty Influences the Marketing Orientation of U.S. Daily Newspapers," Journalism Quarterly 73 (summer 1996): 285-303; Doug Underwood and Keith Stamm, "Balancing Business with Journalism: Newsroom Policies at 12 West Coast Newspapers," Journalism Quarterly 69 (summer 1992): 301-317; Doug Underwood, When MBAs Rule the Newsroom (NY: Columbia University Press, 1993).
32. Randal A. Beam, "How Perceived Environmental Uncertainty Influences the Marketing Orientation of U.S. Daily Newspapers," Journalism Quarterly 73 (summer 1996): 285-303; Doug Underwood and Keith Stamm, "Balancing Business with Journalism: Newsroom Policies at 12 West Coast Newspapers," Journalism Quarterly 69 (summer 1992): 301-317; Doug Underwood, When MBAs Rule the Newsroom (NY: Columbia University Press, 1993).
33. Robert H. Giles, Newsroom Management (Detroit: Media Management Books, Inc., 1988); John M. Lavine and Daniel B. Wackman, Managing Media Organizations (NY: Longman, 1988); Stephen Lacy, Ardyth B. Sohn, and Jan Le Blanc Wicks, Media Management: A Casebook Approach (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1993).
34. Robert H. Giles, Newsroom Management (Detroit: Media Management Books, Inc., 1988); John M. Lavine and Daniel B. Wackman, Managing Media Organizations (NY: Longman, 1988); Stephen Lacy, Ardyth B. Sohn, and Jan Le Blanc Wicks, Media Management: A Casebook Approach (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1993).
35. Robert H. Giles, Newsroom Management (Detroit: Media Management Books, Inc., 1988); John M. Lavine and Daniel B. Wackman, Managing Media Organizations (NY: Longman, 1988); Stephen Lacy, Ardyth B. Sohn, and Jan Le Blanc Wicks, Media Management: A Casebook Approach (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1993).
36. Fowler and Shipman, "Pennsylvania Editors' Perceptions"; Gaziano and Coulson, "Effect of Newsroom Management."
37. Fowler and Shipman, "Pennsylvania Editors' Perceptions"; Gaziano and Coulson, "Effect of Newsroom Management."
38. Joseph, "Reporters' and Editors'"; Ziter, "Commentary."
39. Joseph, "Reporters' and Editors'"; Ziter, "Commentary."
40. Polansky and Hughes, "Managerial Innovation," 7.
41. For example, see the findings in John W.C. Johnstone, Edward Slawski, and William Bowman, The News People: A Sociological Portrait of American Journalists and Their Work (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976); David H. Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, The American Journalist: A Portrait of U.S. News People and Their Work (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986).
42. For example, see the findings in John W.C. Johnstone, Edward Slawski, and William Bowman, The News People: A Sociological Portrait of American Journalists and Their Work (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1976); David H. Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, The American Journalist: A Portrait of U.S. News People and Their Work (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1986).
43. Peter M. Blau and Marshall W. Meyer, Bureaucracy in Modern Society, 3d ed. (NY: Random House, 1987).
44. David Pearce Demers, "Effect of Corporate Structure on Autonomy of Top Editors at U. S. Dailies," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 499-508; David Pearce Demers, "Effect of Organizational Size on Job Satisfaction of Top Editors at U.S. Dailies," Journalism Quarterly 71 (winter 1994): 914-25.
45. David Pearce Demers, "Effect of Corporate Structure on Autonomy of Top Editors at U. S. Dailies," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 499-508; David Pearce Demers, "Effect of Organizational Size on Job Satisfaction of Top Editors at U.S. Dailies," Journalism Quarterly 71 (winter 1994): 914-25.
46. James D. Squires, Read All About It!: The Corporate Takeover of America's Newspapers (NY: Times Books, 1994); Underwood, "When MBAs Rule."
47. James D. Squires, Read All About It!: The Corporate Takeover of America's Newspapers (NY: Times Books, 1994); Underwood, "When MBAs Rule."
48. Beam, "How Perceived Environmental Uncertainty," 296.
49. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
50. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
51. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
52. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
53. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
54. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
55. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
56. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
57. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
58. Lori A. Bergen and David Weaver, "Job Satisfaction of Daily Newspaper Journalists and Organization Size," Newspaper Research Journal 9 (winter 1988): 1-13; Betsy B. Cook, Steve R. Banks, and Ralph J. Turner, "The Effects of Work Environment on Burnout in the Newsroom," Newspaper Research Journal 14 (summer-fall 1993): 123-36; Betsy B. Cook and Steven R. Banks, "Predictors of Job Burnout in Reporters and Copy Editors," Journalism Quarterly 70 (spring 1993): 108-117; Margaret H. DeFleur, "Foundations of Job Satisfaction in the Media Industries," Journalism Educator 47 (spring 1992): 3-15; David Pearce Demers, "Autonomy, satisfaction high among corporate news staffs," Newspaper Research Journal 16 (spring 1995): 91-111; John W. C. Johnstone, "Organizational Constraints of Newswork," Journalism Quarterly 53 (spring 1976): 5-13; Ted Pease, "Blaming the Boss: Newsroom Professionals See Managers as Public Enemy No. 1," Newspaper Research Journal 12 (spring 1991): 2-21; Sandra D. Petykiewicz, "Love the Job! Like the Newspaper! But the boss never tells us what's going on," ASNE Bulletin, July/August 1989, 4-11; Keith Stamm and Doug Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction to Newsroom Policy Changes," Journalism Quarterly 70 (autumn 1993): 528-41; David Weaver and G. Cleveland Wilhoit, "Daily Newspaper Journalists in the 1990's," Newspaper Research Journal 15 (summer 1994): 2-21.
59. Stamm and Underwood, "The Relationship of Job Satisfaction," 538.
60. George A. Donohue, Phillip J. Tichenor, and Clarice N. Olien, "Gatekeeping: Mass Media Systems and Information Control," in Current Perspectives in Mass Communication Research, ed. F. Gerald Kline and Phillip J. Tichenor (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1972), 41-69; David Pearce Demers, "Effect of Organizational Size on Job Satisfaction."
61. George A. Donohue, Phillip J. Tichenor, and Clarice N. Olien, "Gatekeeping: Mass Media Systems and Information Control," in Current Perspectives in Mass Communication Research, ed. F. Gerald Kline and Phillip J. Tichenor (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1972), 41-69; David Pearce Demers, "Effect of Organizational Size on Job Satisfaction."
62. Pearce Demers, "Effect of Organizational Size on Job Satisfaction."
63. See summaries of this research in Gerald Stone, Examining Newspapers: What Research Reveals About America's Newspapers (Newbury Park, CA: Sage, 1987).
64. Leo Bogart, Press and Public, 2d ed. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989); George Albert Gladney, "How Editors and Readers Rank and Rate the Importance of Eighteen Traditional Standards of Newspaper Excellence," Journalism Quarterly 73 (summer 1996): 319-31.
65. Leo Bogart, Press and Public, 2d ed. (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1989); George Albert Gladney, "How Editors and Readers Rank and Rate the Importance of Eighteen Traditional Standards of Newspaper Excellence," Journalism Quarterly 73 (summer 1996): 319-31.
66. Michael Hammer and James Champy, Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for the Business Revolution (NY: HarperBusiness, 1993); Katzenbach and Smith, The Wisdom of Teams; Marshall Sashkin and Kenneth J. Kiser, Putting Total Quality Management to Work (San Francisco: Berrett-Kohler, 1993).
67. Michael Hammer and James Champy, Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for the Business Revolution (NY: HarperBusiness, 1993); Katzenbach and Smith, The Wisdom of Teams; Marshall Sashkin and Kenneth J. Kiser, Putting Total Quality Management to Work (San Francisco: Berrett-Kohler, 1993).
68. Michael Hammer and James Champy, Reengineering the Corporation: A Manifesto for the Business Revolution (NY: HarperBusiness, 1993); Katzenbach and Smith, The Wisdom of Teams; Marshall Sashkin and Kenneth J. Kiser, Putting Total Quality Management to Work (San Francisco: Berrett-Kohler, 1993).
69. John T. Russial, "What Content Shows About Topic-Team Performance" (paper presented at the annual meeting of AEJMC, Anaheim, CA, 1996).
70. The Star Tribune was sold to the McClatchy newspaper chain in a deal announced in November 1997. McClatchy managers pledged not to interfere with the operation of the newspaper, suggesting that the newsroom team system was likely to survive the change in ownership. In Spring 1998, Publisher Joel Kramer stepped down, completing the McClatchy merger.
71. Joel Kramer, "How to Change a Newspaper," presstime, March 1994, 48-49; Richard Broderick, "Joel & Tim's Excellent Adventure," Minnesota Monthly, August 1994, 47-49+; Patrick Garry, "Re-Inventing the Star Tribune," Minnesota Journal of Law & Politics (March 1994): 9-15; William Glaberson, "Press Fad, or Future, in Minneapolis?," New York Times, 21 August 1995, sec. C, p. 1 and 6; William Souder, "Welcome to the Fun House: Strange Days at the Star Tribune," Mpls./St. Paul, June 1996, 55-57+.
72. Joel Kramer, "How to Change a Newspaper," presstime, March 1994, 48-49; Richard Broderick, "Joel & Tim's Excellent Adventure," Minnesota Monthly, August 1994, 47-49+; Patrick Garry, "Re-Inventing the Star Tribune," Minnesota Journal of Law & Politics (March 1994): 9-15; William Glaberson, "Press Fad, or Future, in Minneapolis?," New York Times, 21 August 1995, sec. C, p. 1 and 6; William Souder, "Welcome to the Fun House: Strange Days at the Star Tribune," Mpls./St. Paul, June 1996, 55-57+.
73. Joel Kramer, "How to Change a Newspaper," presstime, March 1994, 48-49; Richard Broderick, "Joel & Tim's Excellent Adventure," Minnesota Monthly, August 1994, 47-49+; Patrick Garry, "Re-Inventing the Star Tribune," Minnesota Journal of Law & Politics (March 1994): 9-15; William Glaberson, "Press Fad, or Future, in Minneapolis?," New York Times, 21 August 1995, sec. C, p. 1 and 6; William Souder, "Welcome to the Fun House: Strange Days at the Star Tribune," Mpls./St. Paul, June 1996, 55-57+.
74. Joel Kramer, "How to Change a Newspaper," presstime, March 1994, 48-49; Richard Broderick, "Joel & Tim's Excellent Adventure," Minnesota Monthly, August 1994, 47-49+; Patrick Garry, "Re-Inventing the Star Tribune," Minnesota Journal of Law & Politics (March 1994): 9-15; William Glaberson, "Press Fad, or Future, in Minneapolis?," New York Times, 21 August 1995, sec. C, p. 1 and 6; William Souder, "Welcome to the Fun House: Strange Days at the Star Tribune," Mpls./St. Paul, June 1996, 55-57+.
75. Joel Kramer, "How to Change a Newspaper," presstime, March 1994, 48-49; Richard Broderick, "Joel & Tim's Excellent Adventure," Minnesota Monthly, August 1994, 47-49+; Patrick Garry, "Re-Inventing the Star Tribune," Minnesota Journal of Law & Politics (March 1994): 9-15; William Glaberson, "Press Fad, or Future, in Minneapolis?," New York Times, 21 August 1995, sec. C, p. 1 and 6; William Souder, "Welcome to the Fun House: Strange Days at the Star Tribune," Mpls./St. Paul, June 1996, 55-57+.
76. Joel Kramer, "Creating our own future," Newsmakers: For and About Star Tribune Employees, Special Edition, 8 February 1994, 2.
77. Garry, "Re-Inventing."
78. Burl Gilyard, "Oh, the Winds of Change," Twin Cities Reader, 26 June - 2 July, 1996, 4.
79. Souder, "Welcome to the Fun House."
80. Burl Gilyard, "Suing the Strib for Fun and Profit," Twin Cities Reader, 9 October-15 October, 1996, 7.
81. Rebecca Ross Albers, "Extra! Extra?," presstime, June 1994, 55-56.
82. In April of 1997, Doctor announced his resignation from the Pioneer Press and his acceptance of a new position as vice president of editorial at Rnight-Ridder New Media in San Jose, California. Publisher Peter Ridder left his position at the Pioneer Press in July 1997 to move to another Knight-Ridder newspaper in Charlotte, North Carolina. Both Doctor and Ridder were replaced in St. Paul by individuals from other Knight-Ridder properties.
83. Paterno, "Whither Knight-Ridder?"
84. Walker Lundy and Ken Doctor, interviews with author, 8 May 1996.
85. Lundy and Doctor, interviews, 8 May 1996.
86. "St. Paul Pioneer Press Newsroom Mission Statement," 1995.
87. Burl Gilyard, "The Big Fix Is In - Again," Twin Cities Reader, 12 July -23 July, 1996, 6.
88. Managers and Guild representatives in both newsrooms provided lists of possible focus group participants. Researchers asked for participants' cooperation based on the type of work they did. For both newsrooms, researchers "over-booked" participants to ensure adequate attendance and diversity of views.