The View from Jerusalem: Revelations about U.S. Diplomacy from the Archives of Israel

Diplomatic History

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 1998, Pages 509-532

  Hahn, Peter L ^a  

^a NONE

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[No Author keywords available]

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EID: 0039946632     PISSN: 01452096     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/0145-2096.00137     Document Type: Review

References (74)

1. Eban to Eytan, 15 September 1950, Documents of the Foreign Policy of Israel (Jerusalem, 1981-) (hereafter DFPI with volume and page citations), 5:541-42. The paper by Wright, titled "Analysis of Strategic Areas: The Middle East," dated 15 January 1951, and marked "Restricted/U.S. Officials Only," is filed in Records of the United States Division (USD) of the Israeli Foreign Ministry, Record Group (RG) 130.20, 2475/2, Israel State Archives (ISA), Jerusalem, Israel (hereafter RG 130.20 with appropriate file designations).
2. Israeli official archives, modeled on the National Archives of the United States and the British Public Record Office, are open and accessible. Key repositories include the Israel state Archives in Jerusalem, which contains the minutes of the Israeli Cabinet, the records of the Foreign Ministry, and the records of the Israeli embassies in Washington and New York; and the David Ben-Gurion Library in Sde Boqer, a rough equivalent to a U.S. presidential library that contains the papers and diary of Israel's most eminent founding father and long-time prime minister. Several personal manuscript collections are housed at the Central Zionist Archives in Jerusalem. Israel also publishes a series of volumes, titled Documents in the Foreign Policy of Israel, containing a wide range of official records through 1953. Israeli archival and printed records are subject to security classifications similar to those of Western states. Israel has not released records of the army or the foreign affairs committee of the Knesset, both reputed to be important collections. By contrast, in 1995-1997 the government opened the minutes of the Cabinet for the years 1948-1954, even though they were originally subjected to a fifty-year rule. To be sure, Israel keeps some documents classified, but my perception is that it practices a remarkable degree of openness toward its historical records, especially when compared to its neighbors.
3. Sally Marks, "The World According to Washington," Diplomatic History II (Summer 1987): 265; Christopher Thorne, Border Crossings: Studies in International History (Oxford, 1988), 9; idem, "After the Europeans: American Designs for the Remaking of Southeast Asia," Diplomatic History 12 (Spring 1988): 206, 208.
4. Sally Marks, "The World According to Washington," Diplomatic History II (Summer 1987): 265; Christopher Thorne, Border Crossings: Studies in International History (Oxford, 1988), 9; idem, "After the Europeans: American Designs for the Remaking of Southeast Asia," Diplomatic History 12 (Spring 1988): 206, 208.
5. Sally Marks, "The World According to Washington," Diplomatic History II (Summer 1987): 265; Christopher Thorne, Border Crossings: Studies in International History (Oxford, 1988), 9; idem, "After the Europeans: American Designs for the Remaking of Southeast Asia," Diplomatic History 12 (Spring 1988): 206, 208.
6. Akira Iriye, "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review 94 (February 1989): 1-10; Michael H. Hunt, "Internationalizing U.S. Diplomatic History: A Practical Agenda," Diplomatic History 15 (Winter 1991): 1-11; William O. Walker III, "Drug Control and the Issue of Culture in American Foreign Relations," ibid. 12 (Fall 1988): 365-82; John Lewis Gaddis, "New Conceptual Approaches to the Study of American Foreign Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," ibid. 14 (Summer 1990): 405-23; Jonathan Haslam, "Russian Archival Revelations and Our Understanding of the Cold War," ibid. 21 (Spring 1997): 228. See also Geir Lundestad, "Moralism, Presentism, Exceptionalism, Provincialism, and Other Extravagences in American Writings on the Early Cold War Years," ibid. 13 (Fall 1989): 527-45; John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction," ibid. 15 (Fall 1991): 523-26; and Bruce Cumings, "'Revising Postrevisionism,' or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History," ibid. 17 (Fall 1993): 539-69.
7. Akira Iriye, "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review 94 (February 1989): 1-10; Michael H. Hunt, "Internationalizing U.S. Diplomatic History: A Practical Agenda," Diplomatic History 15 (Winter 1991): 1-11; William O. Walker III, "Drug Control and the Issue of Culture in American Foreign Relations," ibid. 12 (Fall 1988): 365-82; John Lewis Gaddis, "New Conceptual Approaches to the Study of American Foreign Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," ibid. 14 (Summer 1990): 405-23; Jonathan Haslam, "Russian Archival Revelations and Our Understanding of the Cold War," ibid. 21 (Spring 1997): 228. See also Geir Lundestad, "Moralism, Presentism, Exceptionalism, Provincialism, and Other Extravagences in American Writings on the Early Cold War Years," ibid. 13 (Fall 1989): 527-45; John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction," ibid. 15 (Fall 1991): 523-26; and Bruce Cumings, "'Revising Postrevisionism,' or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History," ibid. 17 (Fall 1993): 539-69.
8. Akira Iriye, "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review 94 (February 1989): 1-10; Michael H. Hunt, "Internationalizing U.S. Diplomatic History: A Practical Agenda," Diplomatic History 15 (Winter 1991): 1-11; William O. Walker III, "Drug Control and the Issue of Culture in American Foreign Relations," ibid. 12 (Fall 1988): 365-82; John Lewis Gaddis, "New Conceptual Approaches to the Study of American Foreign Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," ibid. 14 (Summer 1990): 405-23; Jonathan Haslam, "Russian Archival Revelations and Our Understanding of the Cold War," ibid. 21 (Spring 1997): 228. See also Geir Lundestad, "Moralism, Presentism, Exceptionalism, Provincialism, and Other Extravagences in American Writings on the Early Cold War Years," ibid. 13 (Fall 1989): 527-45; John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction," ibid. 15 (Fall 1991): 523-26; and Bruce Cumings, "'Revising Postrevisionism,' or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History," ibid. 17 (Fall 1993): 539-69.
9. Akira Iriye, "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review 94 (February 1989): 1-10; Michael H. Hunt, "Internationalizing U.S. Diplomatic History: A Practical Agenda," Diplomatic History 15 (Winter 1991): 1-11; William O. Walker III, "Drug Control and the Issue of Culture in American Foreign Relations," ibid. 12 (Fall 1988): 365-82; John Lewis Gaddis, "New Conceptual Approaches to the Study of American Foreign Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," ibid. 14 (Summer 1990): 405-23; Jonathan Haslam, "Russian Archival Revelations and Our Understanding of the Cold War," ibid. 21 (Spring 1997): 228. See also Geir Lundestad, "Moralism, Presentism, Exceptionalism, Provincialism, and Other Extravagences in American Writings on the Early Cold War Years," ibid. 13 (Fall 1989): 527-45; John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction," ibid. 15 (Fall 1991): 523-26; and Bruce Cumings, "'Revising Postrevisionism,' or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History," ibid. 17 (Fall 1993): 539-69.
10. Akira Iriye, "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review 94 (February 1989): 1-10; Michael H. Hunt, "Internationalizing U.S. Diplomatic History: A Practical Agenda," Diplomatic History 15 (Winter 1991): 1-11; William O. Walker III, "Drug Control and the Issue of Culture in American Foreign Relations," ibid. 12 (Fall 1988): 365-82; John Lewis Gaddis, "New Conceptual Approaches to the Study of American Foreign Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," ibid. 14 (Summer 1990): 405-23; Jonathan Haslam, "Russian Archival Revelations and Our Understanding of the Cold War," ibid. 21 (Spring 1997): 228. See also Geir Lundestad, "Moralism, Presentism, Exceptionalism, Provincialism, and Other Extravagences in American Writings on the Early Cold War Years," ibid. 13 (Fall 1989): 527-45; John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction," ibid. 15 (Fall 1991): 523-26; and Bruce Cumings, "'Revising Postrevisionism,' or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History," ibid. 17 (Fall 1993): 539-69.
11. Akira Iriye, "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review 94 (February 1989): 1-10; Michael H. Hunt, "Internationalizing U.S. Diplomatic History: A Practical Agenda," Diplomatic History 15 (Winter 1991): 1-11; William O. Walker III, "Drug Control and the Issue of Culture in American Foreign Relations," ibid. 12 (Fall 1988): 365-82; John Lewis Gaddis, "New Conceptual Approaches to the Study of American Foreign Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," ibid. 14 (Summer 1990): 405-23; Jonathan Haslam, "Russian Archival Revelations and Our Understanding of the Cold War," ibid. 21 (Spring 1997): 228. See also Geir Lundestad, "Moralism, Presentism, Exceptionalism, Provincialism, and Other Extravagences in American Writings on the Early Cold War Years," ibid. 13 (Fall 1989): 527-45; John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction," ibid. 15 (Fall 1991): 523-26; and Bruce Cumings, "'Revising Postrevisionism,' or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History," ibid. 17 (Fall 1993): 539-69.
12. Akira Iriye, "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review 94 (February 1989): 1-10; Michael H. Hunt, "Internationalizing U.S. Diplomatic History: A Practical Agenda," Diplomatic History 15 (Winter 1991): 1-11; William O. Walker III, "Drug Control and the Issue of Culture in American Foreign Relations," ibid. 12 (Fall 1988): 365-82; John Lewis Gaddis, "New Conceptual Approaches to the Study of American Foreign Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," ibid. 14 (Summer 1990): 405-23; Jonathan Haslam, "Russian Archival Revelations and Our Understanding of the Cold War," ibid. 21 (Spring 1997): 228. See also Geir Lundestad, "Moralism, Presentism, Exceptionalism, Provincialism, and Other Extravagences in American Writings on the Early Cold War Years," ibid. 13 (Fall 1989): 527-45; John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction," ibid. 15 (Fall 1991): 523-26; and Bruce Cumings, "'Revising Postrevisionism,' or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History," ibid. 17 (Fall 1993): 539-69.
13. Akira Iriye, "The Internationalization of History," American Historical Review 94 (February 1989): 1-10; Michael H. Hunt, "Internationalizing U.S. Diplomatic History: A Practical Agenda," Diplomatic History 15 (Winter 1991): 1-11; William O. Walker III, "Drug Control and the Issue of Culture in American Foreign Relations," ibid. 12 (Fall 1988): 365-82; John Lewis Gaddis, "New Conceptual Approaches to the Study of American Foreign Relations: Interdisciplinary Perspectives," ibid. 14 (Summer 1990): 405-23; Jonathan Haslam, "Russian Archival Revelations and Our Understanding of the Cold War," ibid. 21 (Spring 1997): 228. See also Geir Lundestad, "Moralism, Presentism, Exceptionalism, Provincialism, and Other Extravagences in American Writings on the Early Cold War Years," ibid. 13 (Fall 1989): 527-45; John Lewis Gaddis, "Introduction," ibid. 15 (Fall 1991): 523-26; and Bruce Cumings, "'Revising Postrevisionism,' or, The Poverty of Theory in Diplomatic History," ibid. 17 (Fall 1993): 539-69.
14. Richard H. Immerman, "The History of U.S. Foreign Policy: A Plea for Pluralism," Diplomatic History 14 (Fall 1990): 582; Warren I. Cohen, review of Steven Hugh Lee, Outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam, and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia, 1949-1954, Journal of American History 83 (December 1996): 1085-86; Melvyn P. Leffler, "New Approaches, Old Interpretations, and Prospective Reconfigurations," Diplomatic History 19 (Spring 1995): 173-96. See also the roundtables on the revelations of recently opened Chinese and Soviet records in Diplomatic History 21 (Winter 1997): 71-115, and (Spring 1997): 215-305.
15. Richard H. Immerman, "The History of U.S. Foreign Policy: A Plea for Pluralism," Diplomatic History 14 (Fall 1990): 582; Warren I. Cohen, review of Steven Hugh Lee, Outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam, and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia, 1949-1954, Journal of American History 83 (December 1996): 1085-86; Melvyn P. Leffler, "New Approaches, Old Interpretations, and Prospective Reconfigurations," Diplomatic History 19 (Spring 1995): 173-96. See also the roundtables on the revelations of recently opened Chinese and Soviet records in Diplomatic History 21 (Winter 1997): 71-115, and (Spring 1997): 215-305.
16. Richard H. Immerman, "The History of U.S. Foreign Policy: A Plea for Pluralism," Diplomatic History 14 (Fall 1990): 582; Warren I. Cohen, review of Steven Hugh Lee, Outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam, and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia, 1949-1954, Journal of American History 83 (December 1996): 1085-86; Melvyn P. Leffler, "New Approaches, Old Interpretations, and Prospective Reconfigurations," Diplomatic History 19 (Spring 1995): 173-96. See also the roundtables on the revelations of recently opened Chinese and Soviet records in Diplomatic History 21 (Winter 1997): 71-115, and (Spring 1997): 215-305.
17. Richard H. Immerman, "The History of U.S. Foreign Policy: A Plea for Pluralism," Diplomatic History 14 (Fall 1990): 582; Warren I. Cohen, review of Steven Hugh Lee, Outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam, and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia, 1949-1954, Journal of American History 83 (December 1996): 1085-86; Melvyn P. Leffler, "New Approaches, Old Interpretations, and Prospective Reconfigurations," Diplomatic History 19 (Spring 1995): 173-96. See also the roundtables on the revelations of recently opened Chinese and Soviet records in Diplomatic History 21 (Winter 1997): 71-115, and (Spring 1997): 215-305.
18. Richard H. Immerman, "The History of U.S. Foreign Policy: A Plea for Pluralism," Diplomatic History 14 (Fall 1990): 582; Warren I. Cohen, review of Steven Hugh Lee, Outposts of Empire: Korea, Vietnam, and the Origins of the Cold War in Asia, 1949-1954, Journal of American History 83 (December 1996): 1085-86; Melvyn P. Leffler, "New Approaches, Old Interpretations, and Prospective Reconfigurations," Diplomatic History 19 (Spring 1995): 173-96. See also the roundtables on the revelations of recently opened Chinese and Soviet records in Diplomatic History 21 (Winter 1997): 71-115, and (Spring 1997): 215-305.
19. Robert J. McMahon, "The Study of American Foreign Relations: National History or International History?" in Explaining the History of American Foreign Relations, ed. Michael J. Hogan and Thomas G. Paterson (New York, 1991), 16.
20. Keren to Sharett, 1 July 1950, Sharett to Eban, 29 January 1951, DFPI 5:417-19, 6:67-68. See also USD to embassy in Washington (Hebrew), 15 May 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8; Keren to Eytan (Hebrew), 1 June 1950, and Keren to Sharett (Hebrew), 28 July 1950, Records of the Office of the Minister and Director General of the Israeli Foreign Ministry, RG 130.02, 2414/26, ISA (hereafter RG 130.02 with appropriate filing designations); and Keren to Eytan, 31 May 1950, Keren to Eban, 30 June 1950, Keren to USD, 27 July 1950, Lourie, Rafael, Keren to Sharett, 2 August 1950, Sharett to Lie, 3 August 1950, Eban to Sharett, 20 January 1951, and Sharett to Eban, 25 January 1951, DFPI 5:368-71, 417, 446, 456, 458, 6:48-49, 62.
21. Keren to Sharett, 1 July 1950, Sharett to Eban, 29 January 1951, DFPI 5:417-19, 6:67-68. See also USD to embassy in Washington (Hebrew), 15 May 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8; Keren to Eytan (Hebrew), 1 June 1950, and Keren to Sharett (Hebrew), 28 July 1950, Records of the Office of the Minister and Director General of the Israeli Foreign Ministry, RG 130.02, 2414/26, ISA (hereafter RG 130.02 with appropriate filing designations); and Keren to Eytan, 31 May 1950, Keren to Eban, 30 June 1950, Keren to USD, 27 July 1950, Lourie, Rafael, Keren to Sharett, 2 August 1950, Sharett to Lie, 3 August 1950, Eban to Sharett, 20 January 1951, and Sharett to Eban, 25 January 1951, DFPI 5:368-71, 417, 446, 456, 458, 6:48-49, 62.
22. Sharett to Niles, 18 March 1951, Niles to Sharett, 3 April 1951, RG 130.02, 2414/27. Eban to Sharett, 15 May 1951, and Keren to USD, 16 May 1951, DFPI 6:311, 313 contain the "Ben-Yishai" codename. See also Eban to Sharett, 16 June 1949, DFPI 4:137-38; Lourie to Eytan, 22 July 1949, RG 130.20, 2479/8; Herlitz to Sharett (Hebrew), 6 April 1951, RG 130.02, 2414/27; Keren to USD (Hebrew), 23 May 1951, RG 130.20, 2479/9; and Kollek to Niles, 31 May 1951, David Ben-Gurion Papers, Correspondence File, David Ben-Gurion Library, Sde Boqer, Israel.
23. Sharett to Niles, 18 March 1951, Niles to Sharett, 3 April 1951, RG 130.02, 2414/27. Eban to Sharett, 15 May 1951, and Keren to USD, 16 May 1951, DFPI 6:311, 313 contain the "Ben-Yishai" codename. See also Eban to Sharett, 16 June 1949, DFPI 4:137-38; Lourie to Eytan, 22 July 1949, RG 130.20, 2479/8; Herlitz to Sharett (Hebrew), 6 April 1951, RG 130.02, 2414/27; Keren to USD (Hebrew), 23 May 1951, RG 130.20, 2479/9; and Kollek to Niles, 31 May 1951, David Ben-Gurion Papers, Correspondence File, David Ben-Gurion Library, Sde Boqer, Israel.
24. Sharett to Elath, n.d. [March 1949], and Elath to McDonald, 16 March 1949, Records of the embassy in Washington, RG 93.08, 373/23, ISA (hereafter RG 93.08 with appropriate filing designations); Kollek to Keren (Hebrew), 30 June 1950, Keren to Kollek (Hebrew), 18 July 1950, and Keren to Eban, 25 September 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8; Crum to Weizmann, 2 August 1950, RG 130.02, 2414/26; Ben-Gurion to Harriman, 31 May 1951, Ben-Gurion Papers, Correspondence File; Jacobson to Joseph Cohn, 1, 15 April 1952, Chaim Weizmann Papers, box 1, Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, Missouri; Eban to Sharett (Hebrew), 21 April 1952, RG 130.20, 2460/5; Jacobson to Kollek, 15 May 1953, RG 130.02, 2420/13.
25. Keren to USD, 24 August 1950, DFPI 5:493-97; Keren to USD, 28 March 1950, RG 130.20, 2460/5a. See also circular cable from Eytan (Hebrew), 20 February 1950, USD to Elath (Hebrew), 21 February 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8; Keren to USD, 28 March 1950, RG 130.20, 2460/5a; Yoffay to Sasson (Hebrew), 28 March 1952, RG 130.20, 2565/7; memcon by Sharett, 1 July 1952, RG 130.20, 2474/27; and Shimoni to USD (Hebrew), 25 September 1952, RG 130.20, 2460/5.
26. Circular cable by Acheson, 29 April 1949, Israeli aide-memoire, 8 June 1949, memorandum of conversation by Webb, 17 June 1949, Weizmann to Truman, 24 June 1949, and McDonald to Acheson, 3 July 1949, U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1949 ( Washington, 1977), 6:168-73, 959-60, 1102-6, 1148-55, 1197 (hereafter FRUS with appropriate year, volume, and page citations); Elath to Sharett, 12, 19, 27 May, 1 June 1949, Eban to Sharett, 22 June 1949, Eban to Eytan, 24 June 1949, Heyd to Herlitz, 1 July 1949, Herlitz to Heyd, 11 July 1949 (Hebrew), DFPI 4:42, 55, 71-72, 87, 150, 165-67, 194-96, 217-18; memorandum of conversation by Webb, 31 May 1949, General Records of the Department of State, RG 59, Lot 53 D 444, box 12, National Archives, Washington, DC; Kollek to Eban, 6 June 1949, RG 130.02, 2443/3; McDonald to Clifford, 11 June 1949, Clark Clifford Papers, Truman Library; U.S. aide-memoire, n.d. [24 June 1949], President's Secretary's File (PSF), Subject File, box 184, Truman Library; Kollek to Sharett (Hebrew), 14 August 1949, RG 130.20, 2479/8.
27. Circular cable by Acheson, 29 April 1949, Israeli aide-memoire, 8 June 1949, memorandum of conversation by Webb, 17 June 1949, Weizmann to Truman, 24 June 1949, and McDonald to Acheson, 3 July 1949, U.S. Department of State, Foreign Relations of the United States, 1949 ( Washington, 1977), 6:168-73, 959-60, 1102-6, 1148-55, 1197 (hereafter FRUS with appropriate year, volume, and page citations); Elath to Sharett, 12, 19, 27 May, 1 June 1949, Eban to Sharett, 22 June 1949, Eban to Eytan, 24 June 1949, Heyd to Herlitz, 1 July 1949, Herlitz to Heyd, 11 July 1949 (Hebrew), DFPI 4:42, 55, 71-72, 87, 150, 165-67, 194-96, 217-18; memorandum of conversation by Webb, 31 May 1949, General Records of the Department of State, RG 59, Lot 53 D 444, box 12, National Archives, Washington, DC; Kollek to Eban, 6 June 1949, RG 130.02, 2443/3; McDonald to Clifford, 11 June 1949, Clark Clifford Papers, Truman Library; U.S. aide-memoire, n.d. [24 June 1949], President's Secretary's File (PSF), Subject File, box 184, Truman Library; Kollek to Sharett (Hebrew), 14 August 1949, RG 130.20, 2479/8.
28. Sharett to Eban, 6 July 1949, Eban to Sharett, 8 July 1949, Lourie to Sharett, 19 July 1949, and Eban to Elath, 26 July 1949, DFPI 4:207, 211-12, 227, 250-52; Lourie to Eytan, 22 July 1949, RG 130.20, 2479/8; memorandum of conversation by Rusk, 28 July 1949, FRUS, 1949 6:1261-64.
29. Sharett to Eban, 6 July 1949, Eban to Sharett, 8 July 1949, Lourie to Sharett, 19 July 1949, and Eban to Elath, 26 July 1949, DFPI 4:207, 211-12, 227, 250-52; Lourie to Eytan, 22 July 1949, RG 130.20, 2479/8; memorandum of conversation by Rusk, 28 July 1949, FRUS, 1949 6:1261-64.
30. Shiloah to Sharett, 31 July, 5, 14, 15 August 1949, Sasson to Sharett, 8, 25 August 1949, and Elath to Sharett, 9, 11, 18 August 1949, DFPI 4:267-69, 289, 300-301, 309-10, 320, 333-34, 343-47, 368-69, 393-95; Porter to Acheson, 3 August 1949, Clifford Papers, box 14; Porter to Acheson, 5 August 1949, and Truman to Weizmann, 13 August 1949, FRUS, 1949 6:1287-89, 1305-8; memorandum by DCI Hillenkoetter, 5 August 1949, PSF, Intelligence File, box 249; memorandum of conversation by Wilkins, 9 August 1949, RG 59, Lot 54 D 403, box 9.
31. Shiloah to Sharett, 31 July, 5, 14, 15 August 1949, Sasson to Sharett, 8, 25 August 1949, and Elath to Sharett, 9, 11, 18 August 1949, DFPI 4:267-69, 289, 300-301, 309-10, 320, 333-34, 343-47, 368-69, 393-95; Porter to Acheson, 3 August 1949, Clifford Papers, box 14; Porter to Acheson, 5 August 1949, and Truman to Weizmann, 13 August 1949, FRUS, 1949 6:1287-89, 1305-8; memorandum by DCI Hillenkoetter, 5 August 1949, PSF, Intelligence File, box 249; memorandum of conversation by Wilkins, 9 August 1949, RG 59, Lot 54 D 403, box 9.
32. Epstein to Shertok, 2 February 1949, RG 130.20, 2479/10; Eban to Silver, 18 October 1949, RG 130.02, 2443/4. See also Epstein to Cellar, n.d. [January 1949], RG 93.08, 366/26; Taft to Silver, 11 October 1949, and Silver to Eban, 14 October 1949, RG 130.02, 2443/4; Herlitz to Sharett (Hebrew), 8 October 1950, RG 130.02, 2414/26; and Eban to Sharett, 13 May 1952, RG 130.20, 2466/5.
33. Arzi to Kollek et al., 1 March 1950, RG 130.20, 2467/7. See also Keren to USD, 14 February 1950, USD to Keren (Hebrew), 2 March 1950, and Herzog to deputy chief (Hebrew), 14 April 1950 RG 130.02 2405/18; Mitchell to Elliott, 8 March 1950, Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense RG 330, 6-2-47, National Archives; Keren to USD, 28 March 1950, RG 130.20, 2460/5a; Elath to Sharett, 8 April 1950, Keren to USD, 5 May 1950, and Elath to USD, 12 May 1950, DFPI 5:248-50, 316-17, 326-27; McGhee to Acheson, n.d. [c. 16 May 1950], FRUS, 1950 (Washington, 1978), 5:891-92; and memorandum for the record by Irwin, 23 May 1950, Records of the Army Staff, RG 319, Army COS Files, 091 Israel, National Archives.
34. Arzi to Kollek et al., 1 March 1950, RG 130.20, 2467/7. See also Keren to USD, 14 February 1950, USD to Keren (Hebrew), 2 March 1950, and Herzog to deputy chief (Hebrew), 14 April 1950 RG 130.02 2405/18; Mitchell to Elliott, 8 March 1950, Records of the Office of the Secretary of Defense RG 330, 6-2-47, National Archives; Keren to USD, 28 March 1950, RG 130.20, 2460/5a; Elath to Sharett, 8 April 1950, Keren to USD, 5 May 1950, and Elath to USD, 12 May 1950, DFPI 5:248-50, 316-17, 326-27; McGhee to Acheson, n.d. [c. 16 May 1950], FRUS, 1950 (Washington, 1978), 5:891-92; and memorandum for the record by Irwin, 23 May 1950, Records of the Army Staff, RG 319, Army COS Files, 091 Israel, National Archives.
35. Javits to Acheson 28 December 1949, RG 59, Lot 484, box 1; Acheson to Javits, 12 January 1950, FRUS 1950 5:684-85, McFall to Lodge, 1 March 1950, Stone to Goldmann, 6 March 1950 and Sabath to Stone, 14 March 1950, Nachum Goldmann Papers, Z6/382, Central Zionist Archives (CZA), Jerusalem, Israel (hereafter Goldmann Papers with appropriate filing designations); memoranda of conversation by Acheson, 10 and 28 March 1950, Dean G. Acheson Papers S/S File, memorandum of conversation folder, Truman Library; Lodge to Stone, 50 March 1950, RG 130.20, 2467/7 File 366/12 in RG 93.08 bulges with correspondence between Stone and various members of Congress and between Assistant Secretary of State Jack McFall and the same members of Congress, plus other materials, such as background memoranda, that reveal the energetic campaign coordinated by Stone and the embassy.
36. Keren to Kenen, 25 January 1950, RG 93.08, 366/12; Elath to Sharett, 16 January 1950, DFPI 5:35-36; cable by Sharett, n.d. [c. May 1950], RG 130.20, 2467/7. See also paper by Israeli embassy, 23 January 1950, Epstein to Eytan, 3 February 1950, background papers, 28 March and 18 May 1950, Frank Goldman to Acheson, 10 April 1950, and Keren to Silver, 25 April 1950, RG 93.08, 366/12-13; Goldmann to Kollek, 3 and 13 March 1950, Goldmann Papers, Z6/2359; Goldmann to Sharett, 4 and 28 March 1950, and Sharett to Goldmann, 5 March 1950, Goldmann Papers, Z6/340; and minutes of meeting, 28 March 1950, Elath to Sharett, 21, 28 April 1950, and Elath to USD, 4 May 1950, DFPI 5:202-6, 288, 312-14.
37. Keren to Kenen, 25 January 1950, RG 93.08, 366/12; Elath to Sharett, 16 January 1950, DFPI 5:35-36; cable by Sharett, n.d. [c. May 1950], RG 130.20, 2467/7. See also paper by Israeli embassy, 23 January 1950, Epstein to Eytan, 3 February 1950, background papers, 28 March and 18 May 1950, Frank Goldman to Acheson, 10 April 1950, and Keren to Silver, 25 April 1950, RG 93.08, 366/12-13; Goldmann to Kollek, 3 and 13 March 1950, Goldmann Papers, Z6/2359; Goldmann to Sharett, 4 and 28 March 1950, and Sharett to Goldmann, 5 March 1950, Goldmann Papers, Z6/340; and minutes of meeting, 28 March 1950, Elath to Sharett, 21, 28 April 1950, and Elath to USD, 4 May 1950, DFPI 5:202-6, 288, 312-14.
38. Elath to Sharett, 7 February 1950, DFPI 5:107-8; British chargé in Washington to Bevin, 15 February 1950, Political Correspondence of the Foreign Office, FO 371/82523, Public Record Office (PRO), London, United Kingdom (hereafter FO 371 with appropriate filing designations). See also Lubianiker to Green and Murray, February 195-0, Epstein to Morgenthau, 6 February 1950, Murray to Tewson, 3 March 1950, and Tewson to Murray, 7 March 1950, RG 93.08, 366/12; Elath to USD, 10 February 1950, and Elath to Sharett, 17 February 1950, DFPI 5:116, 134; Kollek to Elath (Hebrew), 14 February 1950, and summary of cables, 19 February 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8; and McGhee to Dubinsky, 15 May 1950, and Dubinsky to Elath, 17 May 1950, RG 93.08, 366/13.
39. Elath to Sharett, 7 February 1950, DFPI 5:107-8; British chargé in Washington to Bevin, 15 February 1950, Political Correspondence of the Foreign Office, FO 371/82523, Public Record Office (PRO), London, United Kingdom (hereafter FO 371 with appropriate filing designations). See also Lubianiker to Green and Murray, February 195-0, Epstein to Morgenthau, 6 February 1950, Murray to Tewson, 3 March 1950, and Tewson to Murray, 7 March 1950, RG 93.08, 366/12; Elath to USD, 10 February 1950, and Elath to Sharett, 17 February 1950, DFPI 5:116, 134; Kollek to Elath (Hebrew), 14 February 1950, and summary of cables, 19 February 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8; and McGhee to Dubinsky, 15 May 1950, and Dubinsky to Elath, 17 May 1950, RG 93.08, 366/13.
40. Weizmann to Ewing, 2 January 1950, RG 130.02, 2403/18; Elath to Sharett, 1 February and 21 April 1950, Elath to Sharett, 17 February 1950, and Elath to USD, 23 February and 19 April 1950, DFPI 5:89, 133-34, 138-39, 279, 288; Keren to USD, 23 February 1950, and Segal to Hamlin, 27 February 1950, RG 93.08, 366/12.
41. Battle to Acheson, 14 April 1950, Acheson Papers, S/S File, memorandum of conversation folder; Burrows to Furlonge, 27 April 1950, FO 371/81918. See also Elath to USD, 26 April, 5 May 1950, and Elath to Sharett, 11 May 1950, DFPI 5:297-98, 315-16, 324; NSC-65, [28 March 1950], NSC-65/3, 17 May 1950, and circular cable from Webb, 20 May 1950, FRUS, 1950 5:131-55, 163-66, 167-68; memorandum for the president, 7 April 1950, PSF, NSC File, box 220; and Webb to Truman, 17 May 1950, White House Central File (WHCF) (Confidential), Truman Library.
42. Battle to Acheson, 14 April 1950, Acheson Papers, S/S File, memorandum of conversation folder; Burrows to Furlonge, 27 April 1950, FO 371/81918. See also Elath to USD, 26 April, 5 May 1950, and Elath to Sharett, 11 May 1950, DFPI 5:297-98, 315-16, 324; NSC-65, [28 March 1950], NSC-65/3, 17 May 1950, and circular cable from Webb, 20 May 1950, FRUS, 1950 5:131-55, 163-66, 167-68; memorandum for the president, 7 April 1950, PSF, NSC File, box 220; and Webb to Truman, 17 May 1950, White House Central File (WHCF) (Confidential), Truman Library.
43. Circular cable by Eytan, 26 May 1950, DFPI 5:347-48. See also Elath to Sharett, 17 May 1950, McDonald to Sharett, 24 May 1950, Elath to USD, 25 May 1950, circular cables, [25], 26 May 1950, Elath to USD, 25 May 1950, and Eban to Sharett, 12 June 1950, DFPI 5:335-36, 342, 343-46, 348, 382-85; Keren to USD (Hebrew), 29 May 1950, RG 130.02, 2403/18; and Keren to USD (Hebrew), 29 May 1950, RG 130.02, 2403/18.
44. Circular cable by Eytan, 26 May 1950, DFPI 5:347-48. See also Elath to Sharett, 17 May 1950, McDonald to Sharett, 24 May 1950, Elath to USD, 25 May 1950, circular cables, [25], 26 May 1950, Elath to USD, 25 May 1950, and Eban to Sharett, 12 June 1950, DFPI 5:335-36, 342, 343-46, 348, 382-85; Keren to USD (Hebrew), 29 May 1950, RG 130.02, 2403/18; and Keren to USD (Hebrew), 29 May 1950, RG 130.02, 2403/18.
45. Stone to Scott, 2 June 1950, and Scott to Stone, 6 June 1950, Goldmann Papers, Z6/372; Stone to Keren, 2 June 1950, RG 93.08, 366/13. See also Goldmann to Browdy, 31 May 1950, Goldmann Papers, Z6/436; Lipsky to Acheson, 2 June 1950, and Palov to Keren, 22 June 1950, RG 93.08, 366/13; and Herlitz and Kollek to Feinberg, 7 July 1950, and Taft to Stone, 11 July 1950, RG 130.20, 2467/7. RG 93.08, 366/13 is packed with numerous similar letters between Stone and members of Congress.
46. Eban to Sharett, 5 April 1951, DFPI 6:214. See also memoranda of conversation by Feinberg, 4, 5 April 1951, RG 130.02, 2414/27; Keren to USD, 5 April, 20 September 1951, Eban to Sharett, 5 May 1951, and Eban to USD, 13 July 1951, DFPI 6:213-14, 286-87, 470-71, 653-54; Kenen to Lipsky, 16 April 1951, Goldmann Papers, Z6/511; memorandum by Eban, 7 May 1951, RG 93.08, 337/4; Foreign Ministry paper (Hebrew), 3 June 1951, RG 130.20, 2479/9; and McGhee to Acheson, 17 July 1951, testimony of McGhee, 3 August 1951, and circular cable by Acheson, 23 October 1951, FRUS, 1951 5:156-61, 238, 774-76.
47. Eban to Sharett, 5 April 1951, DFPI 6:214. See also memoranda of conversation by Feinberg, 4, 5 April 1951, RG 130.02, 2414/27; Keren to USD, 5 April, 20 September 1951, Eban to Sharett, 5 May 1951, and Eban to USD, 13 July 1951, DFPI 6:213-14, 286-87, 470-71, 653-54; Kenen to Lipsky, 16 April 1951, Goldmann Papers, Z6/511; memorandum by Eban, 7 May 1951, RG 93.08, 337/4; Foreign Ministry paper (Hebrew), 3 June 1951, RG 130.20, 2479/9; and McGhee to Acheson, 17 July 1951, testimony of McGhee, 3 August 1951, and circular cable by Acheson, 23 October 1951, FRUS, 1951 5:156-61, 238, 774-76.
48. Eban to Sharett, 5 April 1951, DFPI 6:214. See also memoranda of conversation by Feinberg, 4, 5 April 1951, RG 130.02, 2414/27; Keren to USD, 5 April, 20 September 1951, Eban to Sharett, 5 May 1951, and Eban to USD, 13 July 1951, DFPI 6:213-14, 286-87, 470-71, 653-54; Kenen to Lipsky, 16 April 1951, Goldmann Papers, Z6/511; memorandum by Eban, 7 May 1951, RG 93.08, 337/4; Foreign Ministry paper (Hebrew), 3 June 1951, RG 130.20, 2479/9; and McGhee to Acheson, 17 July 1951, testimony of McGhee, 3 August 1951, and circular cable by Acheson, 23 October 1951, FRUS, 1951 5:156-61, 238, 774-76.
49. [Sharett to Elath], n.d. [28 September 1949], attached to Elath to Goldmann, 28 September 1949, Goldmann Papers, Z6/204. See also Eliahu Ben-Horin to McMahon, 25 March 1949, and Herlitz to Ben-Horin (Hebrew), 6 April 1949, RG 130.20, 2468/13; Ben-Horin to Lipsky, 18 October 1949, Goldmann Papers, Z6/107; Comay to Eliash, 26 October 1949, RG 130.02, 2445/4; Rosenne to Eban, 21 February 1950, RG 130.02, 2443/6; and Epstein to Kohn, 11 April 1950, RG 130.02, 2443/7.
50. Elath to Goldmann, 28 September 1949, Goldmann to Elath, 29 September 1949, Goldmann Papers, Z6/204; Schultz to Elath, 29 September 1949, RG 93.08, 366/32.
51. Elath to Kohn, 11 April 1950, RG 130.02, 2443/7.
52. Elath to Sharett, 24 February 1950, RG 130.20, 2468/15. See also Zinder to Comay, 13 October 1949, RG 130.02, 2443/4; unsigned memorandum of conversation, 17 February 1950, and Elath to Foreign Ministry, 26 April 1950, RG 130.20, 2468/15; and Kirchwey et al. to Truman, 24 May 1950, RG 130.02, 2443/8.
53. Memorandum by Dulles, "Conclusions on Trip," 1 June 1953, RG 59, Lot 64 D 563, box 30; record of chiefs of mission conference, 14 May 1954, White House Office: NSC Staff Papers, OCB Series, box 77, Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, Abilene, Kansas.
54. Sharett to Israel Goldstein, 8 March 1953, RG 130.20, 2464/8; Sharett to Eytan (Hebrew), 11 April 1953, RG 130.02, 2414/27. See also Ben-Horin to Eban (Hebrew), 16 December 1952, RG 130.02, 2460/6; Herlitz to Eban, 20 February 1953, RG 130.02, 2414/27; and minutes of meeting, May 1953, and circular telegram by Eytan, 14 May 1953, ISA, RG 130.20, 2474/4.
55. Eban to Elath, 4 May 1953, RG 130.20, 2479/11; memorandum by Eban, 8 October 1953, RG 130.20, 2460/6; Avner to Bender with attachment, 9 September 1953, RG 130.20, 2475/2. See also memoranda of conversation by Goitein, 11, 27 February 1953, and Eban to Smith, 11 February 1953, RG 130.20, 2479/10; memorandum of conversation by Goitein, 6 March 1953, RG 130.20, 2460/6; and Eban to Sharett, 11 March 1953, Goldmann Papers, Z6/721.
56. Ben-Gurion Diary (Hebrew), 18 August 1953, 2 July 1954, Ben-Gurion Library. See also unsigned policy paper, 18 August 1954, RG 130.02, 2414/28.
57. Avner to Hertzog (Hebrew), 12 August 1958, Political Files of the Foreign Ministry, RG 130.23 3088/6 ISA (hereafter RG 130.23 with appropriate filing designations). See also Hertzog to Avner (Hebrew), 21 August 1958, Eban to Meir (Hebrew), 11 October 1958, summary of discussion (Hebrew) 1 December 1958, Avner to Eban (Hebrew), 21 December 1958, Eliav to Eban, 6 April 1959 (Hebrew), Moshe Harel to Eliav, 28 April 1959 (Hebrew), Eban to Eliav, 28 April 1959 (Hebrew), Eliav to Eban (Hebrew), 4 May 1959, and Eliav to Eban (Hebrew), 21 September 1959, RG 130.23, 3088/6-8; Ben-Gurion Diary (Hebrew), 7 December .958; memorandum of conversation by Goodpaster, 24 July 1958, Ann Whitman File: Diary Series, box 35, Eisenhower Library; and minutes of NSC meeting, 21 August 1958, FRUS, 1958-1960 (Washington, 1993), 12:154-56.
58. Sharett to USD, 5 February 1954, RG 130.20, 2491/13; summary of discussion (Hebrew), 12 September 1955 RG 130.20, 2480/8. See also Comay to Eytan, 5 July 1953, RG 130.02, 2445/12; Hertzog to Eban, 20 March 1953, RG 130.20, 2460/6; Ben-Gurion Diary (Hebrew), 20 August 1954; and Sharett to Eban (Hebrew), 13 September 1955, Eban to Sharett, 6 September 1955, and Arad to Eban (Hebrew), 12 September 1955, 130.20, 2480/8.
59. Ben-Gurion Diary (Hebrew), 22-26 October, 7-8, 14 November 1956.
60. Ben-Gurion Diary (Hebrew), 28 March 1953; Shimoni to Rafael (Hebrew), 28 April 1955, RG 130.20, 2480/7; Shiloah to Hertzog, 31 October 1956, RG 130.20, 2480/11. See also Avron to Sharett, 25 August 1953, and Bendor to Sharett (Hebrew), 9 September 1953, RG 130.20, 2475/2; Eban memorandum, 8 October 1953, RG 130.20, 2460/6; unsigned memorandum to Lipsky, n.d. [c. March 1954], RG 130.02, 2414/27; memorandum by Levin, 14 October 1954, RG 130.20, 2480/5; and memorandum of conversation by Arad (Hebrew), 10 May 1956, RG 130.20, 2480/10.
61. Paper by Hertzog (Hebrew), 9 March 1956, RG 130.20, 2475/5; Kohn to Eban 7 March 1956, RG 13.20 2480/10; Judd Teller to Goldmann, 16 July 1956, Goldmann Papers, Z6/1105. See also Ben-Gurion Diary (Hebrew), 12 May 1955; Shiloah to Sharett (Hebrew), 17 October 1955, RG 130.20, 2480/9; Eban to Sharett, 10, 25 February 1956, RG 130.02, 2422/8; Eban to USD (Hebrew), 17 July 1956, RG 130.20, 2480/11; and paper by Hertzog (Hebrew), 22 July 1956, RG: 130.20, 2477/17.
62. Eytan to Levin, 23 August 1956, RG 130.02, 2409/7. See also Eban to Meir (Hebrew), August 1956, and paper prepared for Cabinet (Hebrew), 5 August 1956, RG 130.02, 2409/5; and Levin to Eytan, 16 August 1956, RG 130.02, 2409/6.
63. Arad to USD (Hebrew), 16 November 1956, RG 130.20, 2480/11; paper by Meroz (Hebrew), 6 March 1957, RG 130.25, 3088/9. See also Ben-Gurion Diary (Hebrew), 24 November 1956; Hertzog to Herlitz, 15 November 1956, RG 130.23, 3107/1; circular cable by Eytan (Hebrew), 23 November 1956, RG 130.20, 2480/11; and Levin to Herzog, 1 March 1957, RG 130.23, 3088/9.
64. Elath to Eytan, 12 August 1949, RG 130.02, 2414/26; Comay to Eban, 6 September 1949, Eban to Proskauer, 10 October 1949, and Eban to Schultz, 19 October 1949, RG 130.02, 2443/4; Kohn to Elath, 21 March 1950, Kenen to Sharett, 30 March 1950, Elath to Kohn, 4 April 1950, memorandum by A. G. Weidenfeld, 2 May, 1 June 1950, Agron to Sharett (Hebrew), 7 May 1950, and Weidenfeld to Eytan, 11 May 1950, RG 130.02, 2444/1; Elath to Kohn, 11 April 1950, RG 130.02, 2443/7; memorandum by Weidenfeld, 10 July 1950, and Foreign Ministry to George Pape, 2 October 1950, RG 130.02, 2444/2; Herzog to Harman, 18 August 1952, RG 130.02, 2443/9; Harman to Herzog, 27 August 1952, RG 130.02, 2444/4.
65. Levin to Yahil, 16 November 1951, RG 130.20 2468/13; Herlitz to Levin, 8 June 1951, RG 130.20, 2479/9. Information on the Columbia chair is found in Kollek to Elath (Hebrew), 14 February 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8; Kollek to Goldmann, 15 February 1950, and Goldmann to Kollek, 23 February 1950, Goldmann Papers, Z6/2006; and Kollek to Goldmann, 2 March 1950, Goldmann Papers, 26/2359. On newsreels and the press see L.A. consulate to Agron, 27 July 1949, Zinder to Eytan, 14 September 1949, Harman to Pearlman, 15 November 1949, Kenen to Eytan, 27 April 1950, and report by Zinder, n.d. [December 1950], RG 130.02, 2398/30. On ties to organized labor see Herlitz to Keren (Hebrew), 23 June 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8. On outreach to Christians see Harman to Bendor, 29 November 1950, Kolvey to Hertzog (Hebrew), 4 April 1951, RG 93.08, 338/26; memorandum by Bendor (Hebrew), 14 February 1951, RG 93.08, 338/27; Levin to Sharett, 21 February 1952, RG 93.08, 338/28; and Levin to USD (Hebrew), 21 July 1952, RG 130.20, 2468/13. For general hasbara operations see USD to Elath (Hebrew), 21 February 1950, USD to embassy in Washington (Hebrew), 15 May 1950, RG 130.20, 2479/8; Keren to USD, 28 March 1950, RG 130.20, 2460/5a; [Eban] to Kollek, 24 March 1950, RG 130.30, 2467/7; Kollek to Ben-Gurion (Hebrew), 13 March 1951, RG 130.20, 2467/3; Foreign Ministry paper (Hebrew), 3 June 1951, RG 130.20, 2479/9; Bendor to Eban (Hebrew), 5 September 1951, RG 130.02, 2445/21; memorandum by Levin, 15 January 1952, RG 130.20, 2475/1; minutes of meeting (Hebrew), 23 May 1952, RG 130.20, 2460/6; memorandum of conversation by Shimoni, 5 September 1952, RG 130.20, 2464/8; Shimoni to USD (Hebrew), 23 September 1952, RG 130.20, 2460/5; and Levin to Sharett (Hebrew), 24 October 1952, RG 130.02, 2403/18.
66. Memorandum by Levin, 20 September 1954, RG 130.20, 2469/10. See also memorandum by Levin, 15 February 1955, RG 130.20, 2469/12; memorandum by Shimoni, 21 February 1955, RG 130.20, 2480/6; and minutes of meeting, 18 April 1955, and Levin to USD, 6 July 1955, RG 130.20, 2471/4.
67. Ramati to Tesher, 6 April 1960, RG 130.23, 3294/24. See also summary of Foreign Ministry meeting (Hebrew), 14 April 1953, RG 130.20, 2479/11; Levin to Eytan, 31 December 1953, and Bendor to Levin (Hebrew), 28 February 1954, RG 130.02, 2414/27; memorandum by Shimoni, 12 July 1954, and memorandum by Shimoni, 8 November 1954, RG 130.20, 2475/3; Levin to USD, 8 September 1955, RG 130.20, 2471/4; Levin to Hertzog, 2 February 1956, RG 130.20, 2469/14; Shalev to Jaffe (Hebrew), 7 October 195-7, RG 130.23,3011/10; Tesher to Arnon, 24 February 1960, RG 130.23,3294/24; and Morris to Yafeh, 28 March 1960, RG 130.23, 3294/24.
68. Levin to USD (Hebrew), 18 March 1954, RG 130.20, 2467/7. See also Bendor to Mahav (Hebrew), 29 January 1954, Tsur to Mahav (Hebrew), 15 July 1954, Hertzog to Eban (Hebrew), 20 July 1954, Lavavi to Hertzog, 1 August 1954, Simoni to Mahav, 8 August 1954, and Sharett to Eban (Hebrew), 4 October 1955, RG 130.02, 2403/19; unsigned memorandum to Sharett (Hebrew), 23 March 1954, RG 130.02, 2403/18; and Bendor to Sharett (Hebrew), 16 September 1954, RG 130.02, 2403/14.
69. Eban to Mahav (Hebrew), 21 January 195-5, RG 130.20, 2480/6. See also Shiloah to Hertzog (Hebrew), 2 February 1955, RG 130.20, 2480/6.
70. Paper by Eban (Hebrew), 26 July 1956, RG 59, 2480/11. See also memorandum of conversation by Eliav (Hebrew), 25 June 1956, and Eban to Hertzog (Hebrew), 27 July 1956, RG 130.20, 2480/10.
71. Avnon to Eban (Hebrew), 3 December 1959, RG 130.23, 3089/4; Arad to Avnon (Hebrew), 18 December 1959, RG 130.23, 3089/4.
72. Bar-Yaakov to Avner (Hebrew), 20 July 1960, RG 130.23, 3294/19; Gazit to Gershon Avner (Hebrew), 17 November 1960, RG 130.23, 3294/3. See also Goldstein to Kennedy, 1 August 1960, Eliav to Foreign Ministry (Hebrew), 2 August 1960, and Kennedy to Goldstein, 10 August 1960, RG 130.23, 3294/19; and Eliav to Meir (Hebrew), n.d. [March 1960], and Meir to Teller, 24 March 1960, RG 130.02/2, 4321/13.
73. McMahon, "Study of American Foreign Relations," 16.
74. Marks, "The World According to Washington," 282.