Poultry production in and around Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Competition and complementarity

Outlook on Agriculture

Volumn 27, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 177-185

  Sumberg, James ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF EAST ANGLIA   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039835325     PISSN: 00307270     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/003072709802700308     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. A.G. Egziabher, D. Lee-Smith, D.G. Maxwell, P.A. Memon, L.J. Mougeot and C.J. Sawio, Cities Feeding People: An Examination of Urban Agriculture in East Africa, IDRC, Ottawa, 1994; UNDP, Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities, UNDP & Habitat II, New York, 1996.
2. A.G. Egziabher, D. Lee-Smith, D.G. Maxwell, P.A. Memon, L.J. Mougeot and C.J. Sawio, Cities Feeding People: An Examination of Urban Agriculture in East Africa, IDRC, Ottawa, 1994; UNDP, Urban Agriculture: Food, Jobs and Sustainable Cities, UNDP & Habitat II, New York, 1996.
3. C. Rakodi, 'Self-reliance or survival? Food production in African cities with particular reference to Zambia', African Urban Studies, Vol 21, 1985, pp 53-63; B. Sanyal, 'Urban agriculture: who cultivates and why? A case study of Lusaka, Zambia', Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Vol 3, No 7, 1985, pp 15-24;
4. C. Rakodi, 'Self-reliance or survival? Food production in African cities with particular reference to Zambia', African Urban Studies, Vol 21, 1985, pp 53-63; B. Sanyal, 'Urban agriculture: who cultivates and why? A case study of Lusaka, Zambia', Food and Nutrition Bulletin, Vol 3, No 7, 1985, pp 15-24;
5. D. Maxwell, 'Alternative food security strategy: a household analysis of urban agriculture in Kampala', World Development, Vol 23, No 10, 1995, pp 1669-1681;
6. D. Drakakis-Smith, T. Bowyer-Bower and D. Tevera, 'Urban poverty and urban agriculture: an overview of linkages in Harare', Habitat International, Vol 19, No 2, 1995, pp 183-193.
7. F. Ellis and J. Sumberg, 'Food production, urban areas and policy responses', World Development, Vol 26, No 2, 1998, pp 213-225.
8. R.T. Wilson, 'Poultry potential in Sub-Saharan Africa', Outlook on Agriculture, Vol 15, No 3, 1986, pp 121-127.
9. Winrock International, Assessment of Animal Agriculture in Sub-Saharan Africa, Winrock International, Arkansas,1992.
10. J. Briggs, 'The peri-urban zone of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: recent trends and changes in agricultural land use', Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, Vol 16, 1991, pp 319-333.
11. As is urban-based milk production (for Tanzania, see J. Sumberg, 'The Dar es Salaam milk system', unpublished manuscript, School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 1997; and C. Nyamrunda & J. Sumberg, 'Milk production around smaller African cities: two examples from Tanzania', Outlook on Agriculture, 1998 [in press]).
12. As is urban-based milk production (for Tanzania, see J. Sumberg, 'The Dar es Salaam milk system', unpublished manuscript, School of Development Studies, University of East Anglia, Norwich, 1997; and C. Nyamrunda & J. Sumberg, 'Milk production around smaller African cities: two examples from Tanzania', Outlook on Agriculture, 1998 [in press]).
13. Bureau of Statistics, 1988 Population Census: Preliminary Report, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
14. For the purposes of the national census every ward is coded as either rural, urban or mixed (ie containing both urban and rural areas). These codes are meant to reflect a number of characteristics including population density, type of housing and level of infrastructure development.
15. Sumberg, op cit, Ref 7.
16. OECD, Agriculture in the Planning and Management of Peri-Urban Areas, Volume 1, Synthesis, OECD, Paris,1979.
17. Op cit, Ref 6.
18. D.G. Mwamfupe, 'Changes in Agricultural Landuse in the Peri-Urban Zones of Dar es Salaam', unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, 1994.
19. In 1996, the Tanzania shilling (Tsh) was trading at 900/£.
20. TBS, Tanzania Standard: Broiler Feeds - Specification TZS 32:1979, Tanzanian Bureau of Standards, Dar es Salaam,1979; TBS, Tanzania Standard: Chicken Feeds Specification TZS 28:1979, Tanzanian Bureau of Standards, Dar es Salaam, 1979.
21. TBS, Tanzania Standard: Broiler Feeds - Specification TZS 32:1979, Tanzanian Bureau of Standards, Dar es Salaam,1979; TBS, Tanzania Standard: Chicken Feeds - Specification TZS 28:1979, Tanzanian Bureau of Standards, Dar es Salaam, 1979.
22. TBS, TBS Certification Mark Scheme, Procedures for Grant and Operation of the TBS Mark Licence, Tanzanian Bureau of Standards, Dar es Salaam (nd).
23. It is not unlikely that the season of the year will affect the survival of chicks, but there were insufficient data to test this effect.
24. M.R.S. Mlozi, I.J. Lupanga and S.Z.K. Mvena, 'Urban agriculture: the livestock dimension and its implications', Tanzania Society of Animal Production Proceedings, Vol 16, 1989, pp 197-208; M.R.S. Mlozi, 'Information and the problems of urban agriculture in Tanzania: intentions and realisations', unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1995.
25. M.R.S. Mlozi, I.J. Lupanga and S.Z.K. Mvena, 'Urban agriculture: the livestock dimension and its implications', Tanzania Society of Animal Production Proceedings, Vol 16, 1989, pp 197-208; M.R.S. Mlozi, 'Information and the problems of urban agriculture in Tanzania: intentions and realisations', unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1995.
26. 3 for further discussion of this point relative to urban and peri-urban milk production in Tanzania.
27. Ministry of Agriculture, The Livestock Policy of Tanzania, Revised Edition, Ministry of Agriculture, Dar es Salaam,1993.
28. It would be easier to argue that this is a true win-win situation if the same firm that is providing its own extension service did not also effectively dominate both the day-old chick and compounded feed markets. Nevertheless, without the company, small-scale production would not be possible.
29. Op cit, Ref 3.