Social mobility in a Dutch Province, Utrecht 1850-1940

Journal of Social History

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 641-644

  Van Leeuwen, Marco H D ^a   Maas, Ineke ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039415123     PISSN: 00224529     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1353/jsh/30.3.619     Document Type: Review

References (55)

1. See for a review R. Erikson and J. H. Goldthorpe, The Constant Flux: A Study of Class Mobility in Industrial Societies (Oxford, 1992), 20-26 and passim.
2. M. Kalmijn, "Status Homogamy in the United States," American Journal of Sociology 97 (1991): 496-523; D. Mitch, " 'Inequalities Which Every One May Remove': Occupational Recruitment, Endogamy, and the Homogeneity of Social Origins in Victorian England," in A. Miles and D. Vincent eds., Building European Society: Occupational Change and Social Mobility in Europe 1840-1940 (Manchester, 1993), 140-164; P. A. Sorokin, Social and Cultural Mobility (New York, 1959 [1927]).
3. M. Kalmijn, "Status Homogamy in the United States," American Journal of Sociology 97 (1991): 496-523; D. Mitch, " 'Inequalities Which Every One May Remove': Occupational Recruitment, Endogamy, and the Homogeneity of Social Origins in Victorian England," in A. Miles and D. Vincent eds., Building European Society: Occupational Change and Social Mobility in Europe 1840-1940 (Manchester, 1993), 140-164; P. A. Sorokin, Social and Cultural Mobility (New York, 1959 [1927]).
4. M. Kalmijn, "Status Homogamy in the United States," American Journal of Sociology 97 (1991): 496-523; D. Mitch, " 'Inequalities Which Every One May Remove': Occupational Recruitment, Endogamy, and the Homogeneity of Social Origins in Victorian England," in A. Miles and D. Vincent eds., Building European Society: Occupational Change and Social Mobility in Europe 1840-1940 (Manchester, 1993), 140-164; P. A. Sorokin, Social and Cultural Mobility (New York, 1959 [1927]).
5. S. M. Lipset and H. L. Zetterberg, "A Theory of Social Mobility," in S. M. Lipset and R. Bendix eds., Social Mobility in Industrial Society (Berkeley and Los Angeles, 1959), 11-75.
6. C. Kerr, J. T. Dunlop, F. Harrison and C. A. Meyers, Industrialism and Industrial Man (New York and Oxford, 1960).
7. D. Landes, The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present (Cambridge, 1969), 546.
8. F. L. Jones, "Social Mobility and Industrial Society: A Thesis Reexamined," The Sociological Quarterly 10 (1969): 292-305; H. Kaelble, Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective (Leamington Spa, 1985).
9. F. L. Jones, "Social Mobility and Industrial Society: A Thesis Reexamined," The Sociological Quarterly 10 (1969): 292-305; H. Kaelble, Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries: Europe and America in Comparative Perspective (Leamington Spa, 1985).
10. H. Kaelble, "Eras of Social Mobility in 19th and 20th Century Europe," Journal of Social History 17 (1984): 489-504; R. Schüren, Soziale Mobilität: Muster, Veränderungen und Bedingungen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (St. Katharinen, 1989).
11. H. Kaelble, "Eras of Social Mobility in 19th and 20th Century Europe," Journal of Social History 17 (1984): 489-504; R. Schüren, Soziale Mobilität: Muster, Veränderungen und Bedingungen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (St. Katharinen, 1989).
12. D. L. Featherman, F. L. Jones and R. M. Hauser, "Assumptions of Social Mobility Research in the U.S.: The Case of Occupational Status," Social Science Research 4 (1975): 329-360.
13. Erikson and Goldthorpe, Constant Flux.
14. H. B. G. Ganzeboom, R. Luijkx, and D. J. Treiman, "Intergenerational Class Mobility in Comparative Perspective," Research in Social Stratification and Mobility 8 (1989): 3-84.
15. Kalmijn, "Status Homogamy"; W. C. Ultee and R. Luijkx, "Educational Heterogamy and Father-Son Occupational Mobility in 23 Industrial Nations: General Societal Openness or Compensatory Strategies of Reproduction?" European Sociological Review 6 (1990): 125-149.
16. Kalmijn, "Status Homogamy"; W. C. Ultee and R. Luijkx, "Educational Heterogamy and Father-Son Occupational Mobility in 23 Industrial Nations: General Societal Openness or Compensatory Strategies of Reproduction?" European Sociological Review 6 (1990): 125-149.
17. D. B. Grusky, American Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Working Paper 86-28 of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1986); A. M. Guest, N. S. Landale and J. C. McCann, "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in the Late 19th Century United States," Social Forces 68 (1989): 351-78; A. Miles, "How 'Open' was Nineteenth-Century British Society? Social Mobility and Equality of Opportunity," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 18-39; M. H. D. Van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Long-Term Social Mobility: Research Agenda and a Case Study: 'Berlin, 1825-1957' " forthcoming in Continuity and Change 11 (1996); I. K. Fukumoto and D. B. Grusky, "Social Mobility and Class Structure in Early-Industrial France," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 40-67; D. B. Grusky and K. Fukumoto, "A Sociological Approach to Historical Social Mobility," Journal of Social History 22 (1989): 221-32; M. de Sève, and G. Bouchard, "Long-Term Social Mobility in Québec: The Case of Saguenay/Lac St-Jean 1851-1951" (Paper presented at the meeting of the ISA Research Committee 28 on Social Mobility and Stratification, Bielefeld, 1994).
18. D. B. Grusky, American Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Working Paper 86-28 of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1986); A. M. Guest, N. S. Landale and J. C. McCann, "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in the Late 19th Century United States," Social Forces 68 (1989): 351-78; A. Miles, "How 'Open' was Nineteenth-Century British Society? Social Mobility and Equality of Opportunity," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 18-39; M. H. D. Van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Long-Term Social Mobility: Research Agenda and a Case Study: 'Berlin, 1825-1957' " forthcoming in Continuity and Change 11 (1996); I. K. Fukumoto and D. B. Grusky, "Social Mobility and Class Structure in Early-Industrial France," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 40-67; D. B. Grusky and K. Fukumoto, "A Sociological Approach to Historical Social Mobility," Journal of Social History 22 (1989): 221-32; M. de Sève, and G. Bouchard, "Long-Term Social Mobility in Québec: The Case of Saguenay/Lac St-Jean 1851-1951" (Paper presented at the meeting of the ISA Research Committee 28 on Social Mobility and Stratification, Bielefeld, 1994).
19. D. B. Grusky, American Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Working Paper 86-28 of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1986); A. M. Guest, N. S. Landale and J. C. McCann, "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in the Late 19th Century United States," Social Forces 68 (1989): 351-78; A. Miles, "How 'Open' was Nineteenth-Century British Society? Social Mobility and Equality of Opportunity," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 18-39; M. H. D. Van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Long-Term Social Mobility: Research Agenda and a Case Study: 'Berlin, 1825-1957' " forthcoming in Continuity and Change 11 (1996); I. K. Fukumoto and D. B. Grusky, "Social Mobility and Class Structure in Early-Industrial France," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 40-67; D. B. Grusky and K. Fukumoto, "A Sociological Approach to Historical Social Mobility," Journal of Social History 22 (1989): 221-32; M. de Sève, and G. Bouchard, "Long-Term Social Mobility in Québec: The Case of Saguenay/Lac St-Jean 1851-1951" (Paper presented at the meeting of the ISA Research Committee 28 on Social Mobility and Stratification, Bielefeld, 1994).
20. D. B. Grusky, American Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Working Paper 86-28 of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1986); A. M. Guest, N. S. Landale and J. C. McCann, "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in the Late 19th Century United States," Social Forces 68 (1989): 351-78; A. Miles, "How 'Open' was Nineteenth-Century British Society? Social Mobility and Equality of Opportunity," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 18-39; M. H. D. Van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Long-Term Social Mobility: Research Agenda and a Case Study: 'Berlin, 1825-1957' " forthcoming in Continuity and Change 11 (1996); I. K. Fukumoto and D. B. Grusky, "Social Mobility and Class Structure in Early-Industrial France," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 40-67; D. B. Grusky and K. Fukumoto, "A Sociological Approach to Historical Social Mobility," Journal of Social History 22 (1989): 221-32; M. de Sève, and G. Bouchard, "Long-Term Social Mobility in Québec: The Case of Saguenay/Lac St-Jean 1851-1951" (Paper presented at the meeting of the ISA Research Committee 28 on Social Mobility and Stratification, Bielefeld, 1994).
21. D. B. Grusky, American Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Working Paper 86-28 of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1986); A. M. Guest, N. S. Landale and J. C. McCann, "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in the Late 19th Century United States," Social Forces 68 (1989): 351-78; A. Miles, "How 'Open' was Nineteenth-Century British Society? Social Mobility and Equality of Opportunity," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 18-39; M. H. D. Van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Long-Term Social Mobility: Research Agenda and a Case Study: 'Berlin, 1825-1957' " forthcoming in Continuity and Change 11 (1996); I. K. Fukumoto and D. B. Grusky, "Social Mobility and Class Structure in Early-Industrial France," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 40-67; D. B. Grusky and K. Fukumoto, "A Sociological Approach to Historical Social Mobility," Journal of Social History 22 (1989): 221-32; M. de Sève, and G. Bouchard, "Long-Term Social Mobility in Québec: The Case of Saguenay/Lac St-Jean 1851-1951" (Paper presented at the meeting of the ISA Research Committee 28 on Social Mobility and Stratification, Bielefeld, 1994).
22. D. B. Grusky, American Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Working Paper 86-28 of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1986); A. M. Guest, N. S. Landale and J. C. McCann, "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in the Late 19th Century United States," Social Forces 68 (1989): 351-78; A. Miles, "How 'Open' was Nineteenth-Century British Society? Social Mobility and Equality of Opportunity," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 18-39; M. H. D. Van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Long-Term Social Mobility: Research Agenda and a Case Study: 'Berlin, 1825-1957' " forthcoming in Continuity and Change 11 (1996); I. K. Fukumoto and D. B. Grusky, "Social Mobility and Class Structure in Early-Industrial France," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 40-67; D. B. Grusky and K. Fukumoto, "A Sociological Approach to Historical Social Mobility," Journal of Social History 22 (1989): 221-32; M. de Sève, and G. Bouchard, "Long-Term Social Mobility in Québec: The Case of Saguenay/Lac St-Jean 1851-1951" (Paper presented at the meeting of the ISA Research Committee 28 on Social Mobility and Stratification, Bielefeld, 1994).
23. D. B. Grusky, American Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries (Working Paper 86-28 of the University of Wisconsin - Madison, Center for Demography and Ecology, 1986); A. M. Guest, N. S. Landale and J. C. McCann, "Intergenerational Occupational Mobility in the Late 19th Century United States," Social Forces 68 (1989): 351-78; A. Miles, "How 'Open' was Nineteenth-Century British Society? Social Mobility and Equality of Opportunity," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 18-39; M. H. D. Van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Long-Term Social Mobility: Research Agenda and a Case Study: 'Berlin, 1825-1957' " forthcoming in Continuity and Change 11 (1996); I. K. Fukumoto and D. B. Grusky, "Social Mobility and Class Structure in Early-Industrial France," in Miles and Vincent eds., Building European Society, 40-67; D. B. Grusky and K. Fukumoto, "A Sociological Approach to Historical Social Mobility," Journal of Social History 22 (1989): 221-32; M. de Sève, and G. Bouchard, "Long-Term Social Mobility in Québec: The Case of Saguenay/Lac St-Jean 1851-1951" (Paper presented at the meeting of the ISA Research Committee 28 on Social Mobility and Stratification, Bielefeld, 1994).
24. For recent surveys, see M. Duijvendak and P. Kooij, Sociale geschiedenis. Theorie en thema's (Assen/Maastricht, 1992), 69-81, and O.W.A. Boonstra and C. A. Mandemakers, "'Ieder is het kind zijner eigene werken'. Sociale stratificatie en mobiliteit in Nederland in de achttiende en negentiende eeuw," in J. Dronkers and W. C. Ultee, Verschuivende ongelijkheid in Nederland. Sociale gelaagdheid en mobiliteit (Assen, 1995), 125-41.
25. For recent surveys, see M. Duijvendak and P. Kooij, Sociale geschiedenis. Theorie en thema's (Assen/Maastricht, 1992), 69-81, and O.W.A. Boonstra and C. A. Mandemakers, "'Ieder is het kind zijner eigene werken'. Sociale stratificatie en mobiliteit in Nederland in de achttiende en negentiende eeuw," in J. Dronkers and W. C. Ultee, Verschuivende ongelijkheid in Nederland. Sociale gelaagdheid en mobiliteit (Assen, 1995), 125-41.
26. I. J. Brugmans, "Standen en klassen in Nederland gedurende de negentiende eeuw," in P.A.M. Geurts and F. A. M. Messing eds., Economische ontwikkelingen sociale emancipatie (Den Haag, 1977), 110-28.
27. H. Van Dijk, Rotterdam 1810-1880. Aspecten van een stedelijke samenleving (Rotterdam, 1976), 151; H. Van Dijk, J. Visser, and E. Wolst, "Regional Differences in Social Mobility Patterns in the Netherlands and Between 1830 and 1940," Journal of Social History 17 (1984): 435-52; O.W. A. Boonstra, De waardij van een vroege opleiding. Een onderzoek naar de implicaties van het analfabetisme op het leven van de inwoners van Eindhoven en omliggende gemeenten, 1800-1920 (Hilversum, 1993); A. Janssens, Family and Social Change. The Household as a Process in an Industrializing Community (Cambridge, 1993), 270-3, who stresses that her sample is not representative of the population as a whole; M. Clement, "Demografisch gedrag, leefsituatie en mobiliteit. Een analyse van vier generaties," in P. Kooij ed., Dorp noost een stad. Hoogkerk 1770-1914 (Assen, 1993), 160-204.
28. H. Van Dijk, Rotterdam 1810-1880. Aspecten van een stedelijke samenleving (Rotterdam, 1976), 151; H. Van Dijk, J. Visser, and E. Wolst, "Regional Differences in Social Mobility Patterns in the Netherlands and Between 1830 and 1940," Journal of Social History 17 (1984): 435-52; O.W. A. Boonstra, De waardij van een vroege opleiding. Een onderzoek naar de implicaties van het analfabetisme op het leven van de inwoners van Eindhoven en omliggende gemeenten, 1800-1920 (Hilversum, 1993); A. Janssens, Family and Social Change. The Household as a Process in an Industrializing Community (Cambridge, 1993), 270-3, who stresses that her sample is not representative of the population as a whole; M. Clement, "Demografisch gedrag, leefsituatie en mobiliteit. Een analyse van vier generaties," in P. Kooij ed., Dorp noost een stad. Hoogkerk 1770-1914 (Assen, 1993), 160-204.
29. H. Van Dijk, Rotterdam 1810-1880. Aspecten van een stedelijke samenleving (Rotterdam, 1976), 151; H. Van Dijk, J. Visser, and E. Wolst, "Regional Differences in Social Mobility Patterns in the Netherlands and Between 1830 and 1940," Journal of Social History 17 (1984): 435-52; O.W. A. Boonstra, De waardij van een vroege opleiding. Een onderzoek naar de implicaties van het analfabetisme op het leven van de inwoners van Eindhoven en omliggende gemeenten, 1800-1920 (Hilversum, 1993); A. Janssens, Family and Social Change. The Household as a Process in an Industrializing Community (Cambridge, 1993), 270-3, who stresses that her sample is not representative of the population as a whole; M. Clement, "Demografisch gedrag, leefsituatie en mobiliteit. Een analyse van vier generaties," in P. Kooij ed., Dorp noost een stad. Hoogkerk 1770-1914 (Assen, 1993), 160-204.
30. H. Van Dijk, Rotterdam 1810-1880. Aspecten van een stedelijke samenleving (Rotterdam, 1976), 151; H. Van Dijk, J. Visser, and E. Wolst, "Regional Differences in Social Mobility Patterns in the Netherlands and Between 1830 and 1940," Journal of Social History 17 (1984): 435-52; O.W. A. Boonstra, De waardij van een vroege opleiding. Een onderzoek naar de implicaties van het analfabetisme op het leven van de inwoners van Eindhoven en omliggende gemeenten, 1800-1920 (Hilversum, 1993); A. Janssens, Family and Social Change. The Household as a Process in an Industrializing Community (Cambridge, 1993), 270-3, who stresses that her sample is not representative of the population as a whole; M. Clement, "Demografisch gedrag, leefsituatie en mobiliteit. Een analyse van vier generaties," in P. Kooij ed., Dorp noost een stad. Hoogkerk 1770-1914 (Assen, 1993), 160-204.
31. H. Van Dijk, Rotterdam 1810-1880. Aspecten van een stedelijke samenleving (Rotterdam, 1976), 151; H. Van Dijk, J. Visser, and E. Wolst, "Regional Differences in Social Mobility Patterns in the Netherlands and Between 1830 and 1940," Journal of Social History 17 (1984): 435-52; O.W. A. Boonstra, De waardij van een vroege opleiding. Een onderzoek naar de implicaties van het analfabetisme op het leven van de inwoners van Eindhoven en omliggende gemeenten, 1800-1920 (Hilversum, 1993); A. Janssens, Family and Social Change. The Household as a Process in an Industrializing Community (Cambridge, 1993), 270-3, who stresses that her sample is not representative of the population as a whole; M. Clement, "Demografisch gedrag, leefsituatie en mobiliteit. Een analyse van vier generaties," in P. Kooij ed., Dorp noost een stad. Hoogkerk 1770-1914 (Assen, 1993), 160-204.
32. H. B. G. Ganzeboom and P. de Graaf, "Beroepsmobiliteit tussen generaties in Nederland in 1954 en 1977," Mens en Maatschappij 58 (1983): 28-52; H. B. G. Ganzeboom et al. "Intergenerationele klassenmobiliteit in Nederland tussen 1970 en 1985," Mens en Maatschappij 62 (1987): 17-43; H. B. G. Ganzeboom and R. Luijkx, "Intergenerationele beroepsmobiliteit in Nederland: patronen en historische veranderingen," in J. Dronkers, and W. C. Ultee eds., Verschuivende ongelijkheid in Nederland. Sociale gelaagdheid en mobiliteit (Assen, 1995), 14-30; J. Hendrickx, W. Uunk and J. Smits, "Stratificatie en het huwelijk: partnerkeuze en partnereffecten," in Dronkers and Ultee eds., Verschuivende ongelijkheid, 162-181.
33. H. B. G. Ganzeboom and P. de Graaf, "Beroepsmobiliteit tussen generaties in Nederland in 1954 en 1977," Mens en Maatschappij 58 (1983): 28-52; H. B. G. Ganzeboom et al. "Intergenerationele klassenmobiliteit in Nederland tussen 1970 en 1985," Mens en Maatschappij 62 (1987): 17-43; H. B. G. Ganzeboom and R. Luijkx, "Intergenerationele beroepsmobiliteit in Nederland: patronen en historische veranderingen," in J. Dronkers, and W. C. Ultee eds., Verschuivende ongelijkheid in Nederland. Sociale gelaagdheid en mobiliteit (Assen, 1995), 14-30; J. Hendrickx, W. Uunk and J. Smits, "Stratificatie en het huwelijk: partnerkeuze en partnereffecten," in Dronkers and Ultee eds., Verschuivende ongelijkheid, 162-181.
34. H. B. G. Ganzeboom and P. de Graaf, "Beroepsmobiliteit tussen generaties in Nederland in 1954 en 1977," Mens en Maatschappij 58 (1983): 28-52; H. B. G. Ganzeboom et al. "Intergenerationele klassenmobiliteit in Nederland tussen 1970 en 1985," Mens en Maatschappij 62 (1987): 17-43; H. B. G. Ganzeboom and R. Luijkx, "Intergenerationele beroepsmobiliteit in Nederland: patronen en historische veranderingen," in J. Dronkers, and W. C. Ultee eds., Verschuivende ongelijkheid in Nederland. Sociale gelaagdheid en mobiliteit (Assen, 1995), 14-30; J. Hendrickx, W. Uunk and J. Smits, "Stratificatie en het huwelijk: partnerkeuze en partnereffecten," in Dronkers and Ultee eds., Verschuivende ongelijkheid, 162-181.
35. H. B. G. Ganzeboom and P. de Graaf, "Beroepsmobiliteit tussen generaties in Nederland in 1954 en 1977," Mens en Maatschappij 58 (1983): 28-52; H. B. G. Ganzeboom et al. "Intergenerationele klassenmobiliteit in Nederland tussen 1970 en 1985," Mens en Maatschappij 62 (1987): 17-43; H. B. G. Ganzeboom and R. Luijkx, "Intergenerationele beroepsmobiliteit in Nederland: patronen en historische veranderingen," in J. Dronkers, and W. C. Ultee eds., Verschuivende ongelijkheid in Nederland. Sociale gelaagdheid en mobiliteit (Assen, 1995), 14-30; J. Hendrickx, W. Uunk and J. Smits, "Stratificatie en het huwelijk: partnerkeuze en partnereffecten," in Dronkers and Ultee eds., Verschuivende ongelijkheid, 162-181.
36. K. Mandemakers, "Eindverslag HSN-proefproject Provincie Utrecht" (Report Internationaal Instituut voor de Sociale Geschiedenis in Amsterdam, 1993); K. Mandemakers and O. Boonstra eds., De levensloop van de Utrechtse bevolking in de 19e eeuw (Assen, 1995).
37. K. Mandemakers, "Eindverslag HSN-proefproject Provincie Utrecht" (Report Internationaal Instituut voor de Sociale Geschiedenis in Amsterdam, 1993); K. Mandemakers and O. Boonstra eds., De levensloop van de Utrechtse bevolking in de 19e eeuw (Assen, 1995).
38. H. Knippenberg, "Het hart van Nederland. De provincie Utrecht in de periode 1800-1940," in Mandemakers and Boonstra , De levensloop, 7, 15.
39. P. Brusse, Amersfoort 1850-1930. Economische bedrijvigheid en sociale verhoudingen (Amersfoort, 1993), 100-1, 164 and 188. On the history of social relations in the Netherlands in general see e.g., E. H. Bax, Modernization and Cleavage in Dutch Society. A Study of Long Term Economic and Social Change (Aldershot, 1990); see also W. Jansen, J. Dronkers and K. Verrips eds., Similar or Different? Continuities in Dutch Research on Social Stratification and Social Mobility (Amsterdam, 1989).
40. P. Brusse, Amersfoort 1850-1930. Economische bedrijvigheid en sociale verhoudingen (Amersfoort, 1993), 100-1, 164 and 188. On the history of social relations in the Netherlands in general see e.g., E. H. Bax, Modernization and Cleavage in Dutch Society. A Study of Long Term Economic and Social Change (Aldershot, 1990); see also W. Jansen, J. Dronkers and K. Verrips eds., Similar or Different? Continuities in Dutch Research on Social Stratification and Social Mobility (Amsterdam, 1989).
41. P. Brusse, Amersfoort 1850-1930. Economische bedrijvigheid en sociale verhoudingen (Amersfoort, 1993), 100-1, 164 and 188. On the history of social relations in the Netherlands in general see e.g., E. H. Bax, Modernization and Cleavage in Dutch Society. A Study of Long Term Economic and Social Change (Aldershot, 1990); see also W. Jansen, J. Dronkers and K. Verrips eds., Similar or Different? Continuities in Dutch Research on Social Stratification and Social Mobility (Amsterdam, 1989).
42. J. Kok, "The Province of Utrecht" (Typescript, 1995); J. J. M. van Tulder, De beroepsmobiliteit in Nederland van 1919 tot 1954. Een sociaal-statistische studie (Leiden, 1962), 198 offers a comparison between intergenerational mobility in Utrecht and the Netherlands as a whole.
43. J. Kok, "The Province of Utrecht" (Typescript, 1995); J. J. M. van Tulder, De beroepsmobiliteit in Nederland van 1919 tot 1954. Een sociaal-statistische studie (Leiden, 1962), 198 offers a comparison between intergenerational mobility in Utrecht and the Netherlands as a whole.
44. The degree of intergenerational mobility in the Netherlands today is also higher than the degree of career mobility, De Graaf and Luijkx, "Beroepsmobiliteit," 72-3.
45. Kaelble, Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries, 7-8.
46. Erikson and Goldthorpe, Constant Flux, 27.
47. Kaelble, Social Mobility in the 19th and 20th Centuries, 8-20, 27-28.
48. See e.g. M. H. D. van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Log-linear Analysis of Changes in Mobility Patterns: Some Models with an Application to the Amsterdam Upper Classes in the Second Half of the Nineteenth Century," Historical Methods 24 (1991): 66-79;
49. for BIC, see A. Raftery, "Choosing Models for Cross-Classifications," American Sociological Review 51 (1986): 145-6. For the present analysis all cells in the tables have been augmented with 0.1.
50. Erikson and Goldthorpe, Constant Flux, 86-106.
51. L. A. Goodman, "Simple Models for the Analysis of Association in Cross-Classifications Having Ordered Categories," Journal of the American Statistical Association 74 (1978): 537-52.
52. Extensive information on the models, their fit, and the estimated parameters is not presented here, but can be obtained from the authors on request.
53. The same holds true for Dutch farmers today, Ganzeboom and Luijkx, 25.
54. Goodman, "Simple models."
55. A combined analysis of all three types of mobility, as opposed to three separate analyses, has also been undertaken. This procedure may serve to detect changes that are so weak that it takes abundant data to find them, and it confirmed the impression of no change in the openness of Utrecht society, see M. H. D. Van Leeuwen and I. Maas, "Maas, groeiende openheid van de Nederlandse samenleving: een nieuw fenomeen of een lange trend?: intergenerationele, huwelijks-en carrièremobliteit in de provincie Utrecht, 1850-1940,̀ Mens en Maatschappij 70 (1995): 321-333.