An empirical investigation of the relationships between ethical beliefs, ethical ideology, political preference and need for closure

Journal of Business Ethics

Volumn 32, Issue 4, 2001, Pages 347-361

  Van Kenhove, Patrick ^a   Vermeir, Iris ^a   Verniers, Steven ^a  

^a GHENT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Consumer ethics; Ethical beliefs; Ethical ideology; Ethical position; Idealism; Machiavellianism; Need for closure; Political preference; Relativism

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039252225     PISSN: 01674544     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/A:1010720908680     Document Type: Review

References (47)

1. Al-Khatib, J. A., S. J. Vitell and M. Y. A. Rawwas: 1994, 'Consumer Ethics: a Cross-cultural Investigation', Advances in International Marketing 8(2).
2. Al-Khatib, J. A., K. Dobie and S. J. Vitell: 1995, 'Consumer Ethics in Developing Countries: An Empirical Investigation', Journal of Euromarketing 4(2), 87-109.
3. Brand, N., N. Schneider and N. Arntz: 1995, 'Information Processing Efficiency and Noise: Interactions with Personal Rigidity', Personality and Individual Diffrences 18(5), 571-579.
4. Caprara, G. V., C. Barbaranelli and P. G. Vicino: 1999, 'Personality Profiles and Political Parties', Politicakl Psychology 20(2), 175-197.
5. Chan, A., S. Wong and P. Leung: 1988, 'Ethical Beliefs of Chinese Consumers in Hong Kong', Journal of Business Ethics 17(11), 1163-1170.
6. Christie, R. and F. L. Geis: 1970, Studies in Machiavellianism (Academia Press, New York).
7. Cole, C. A.: 1989, 'Deterrence and Consumer Fraud (Research Note)', Journal of Retailing 65(1), 107-120.
8. Engel, J. F., R. D. Blackwell and P. W. Miniard: 1993, Consumer Behavior (Dryden, Hillsdale, IL).
9. Erffmeyer, R. C., B. D. Keillor and D. B. Leclair: 1999, 'An Empirical Investigation of Japanese Consumer Ethics', Journal of Business Ethics 18(1), 35-50.
10. Ferrell, O. C. and L. Gresham: 1985, 'A Contingency Framework for Understanding Ethical Decision Making in Marketing', Journal of Marketing (Summer), 87-96.
11. Financieel Economische Tijd: 1999, 'VLD wordt federaal grootste partij', Financieel Economische Tijd (15 juni), 3.
12. Forsyth, D. R.: 1980, 'A Taxonomy of Ethical Ideologies', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 39, 175-184.
13. Hegarty, W. H. and H. P. Sims: 1978, 'Some Determinants of Unethical Decision Behavior: An Exeperiment', Journal of Applied Psychology 63(4), 451-457.
14. Hunt, S. H. and L. Chonko: 1984, 'Marketing and Machiavellianism', Journal of Marketing (Summer), 30-42.
15. Hunt, S. H. and S. J. Vitell: 1986. 'A General Theory of Marketing Ethics', Journal of Macromarketing 6 (Spring), 5-16.
16. Jost, J. T., A. W. Kruglanski and L. Simon: 1999, 'Effects of Epistemic Motivation on Conservatism, Intolerance and Other System-justifying Attitudes', in 'Shared Cognition in Organizations: The management of Knowledge. LEA's Organisation and Management Series', Thompson, L. L. and J. M. Levine et al.: 1999, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, Publishers, US, pp. 91-116.
17. Kale, S. H.: 1995, 'Grouping Euroconsumers: A Culture Based Clustering Approach to Socialization', Journal of International Marketing 3, 42.
18. Kemmelmeier, M.: 1997, 'Need for Closure and Political Orientation Among German University Students', Journal of Social Psychology 137(6),787-789.
19. Kumar, J. P.: 1995, 'Personality Correlates of Machiavellians', Indian Journal of Psychometry and Education 26(2), 65-70.
20. Kruglanski, A. W. and T. Freund: 1983, 'The Freezing and Unfreezing of Lay-interferences: Effects on Impressional Primacy, Ethnic Stereotyping and Numerical Anchoring', Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 19, 448-468.
21. Kruglanski, A. W.: 1989, Lay Epistemics and Human Knowledge: Cognitive and Motivational Bases (Plenum Press, New York).
22. Kruglanski, A. W., N. Peri and D. Zakai: 1991, 'Interactive Effects of Need for Closure and Initial Confidence on Social Information Seeking', Social Cognition 9, 212-225.
23. Kruglanski, A. W., D. M. Webster and A. Klem: 1993, 'Motivated Resistance and Openness to Persuasion in the Presence of Absence of Prior Information', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 65(5), 861-876.
24. Kruglanski, A. W. and D. M. Webster: 1996, 'Motivated Closing of the Mind: "Seizing" and "Freezing"', Psychological Review 103(2), 263- 283.
25. Kruglanski, A., E. DeGrada, L. Manetti, A. Pierro, M. Atash and D. Webster: 1997, 'Psychological Theory Testing Versus Psychometric Nay-Saying: Comment on Neuberg et al.'s (1997) Critique of the NFC Scale', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73(5), 1005-1016.
26. Laczniak, G. R. and P. E. Murphy: 1991, 'Fostering Ethical Marketing Decisions', Journal of Business Ethics 10, 259-271.
27. McHoskey, J. W., B. Hicks, T. Betris, C. Szyarto, W. Worzel, K. Kelly, T. Eggert, A. Tesler, J. Miley and T. Suggs: 1999, 'Machiavelliansim, Adjustment, and Ethics', Psychological Reports 85(1), 138-142.
28. Moore S., M. Ward and B. Katz.: 1998, Machiavellianism and Tolerance of Ambiguity', Psychological Reports 82(2), 415-418.
29. Muncy, J. A. and S. J. Vitell: 1992, 'Consumer Ethics: An Investigation of the Ethical Beliefs of the Final Consumer', Journal of Business Research 24(4), 297-311.
30. Petty, R. E. and J. T. Cacioppo: 1984, 'The Elaboration Likelihood Model to Persuasion', Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 19, 123-205.
31. Rallapalli, K. C., S. J. Vitell, F. A. Wiebe and J. H. Barnes: 1994, 'Consumer Ethical Beliefs and Personality Traits: An Exploratory Analysis', Journal of Business Ethics 13(7), 487-495.
32. Rawwas, M. Y. A., S. J. Vitell and J. A. Al-Khatib: 1994, 'Consumer Ethics: the Possible Effects of Terrorism and Civil Unrest on the Ethical Values of Consumers', Journal of Business Ethics 13(3), 223-231.
33. Rawwas, M. Y. A., G. L. Patzer and M. L. Klassen: 1995, 'Consumers Ethics in Cross-cultural Settings: Entrepreneurial Implications', European Journal of Marketing 29(7), 62-78.
34. Rawwas, M. Y. A., D. Strutton and L. W. Johnson: 1996, 'An Exploratory Investigation of the Ethical Values of American and Australian Consumers: Direct Marketing Implications', Journal of Direct Marketing 10(4), 52-63.
35. Rawwas, M. Y. A.: 1996, 'Consumer Ethics: An Empirical Investigation of the Ethical Beliefs of Austrian Consumers', Journal of Business Ethics 15(9), 1009-1019.
36. Rawwas, M. Y. A. and A. Singhapakdi: 1998, 'Do Consumers' Ethical Beliefs Vary with Age? A Substantiation of Kohlberg's Typology in Marketing', Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice 6 (Spring), 26-38.
37. Rawwas, M. Y. A., G. L. Patzer and S. J Vitell: 1998, 'A Cross-cultural Investigation of the Ethical Values of Consumers: The Potential Effect of War and Civil Disruption', Journal of Business Ethics 17(4), 435-448.
38. Riggio, R. E. and H. S. Friedman: 1982, 'The Interrelationships of Self-monitoring Factors, Personality Traits, and Nonverbal Social Skills', Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 7(1), 33-45.
39. Rim, Y: 1983, 'Social Interest, Ethical Ideology, and Values', Individual Psychology: Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research and Practice 39(1), 52-56.
40. Schaninger, C. M.: 1976, 'Perceived Risk and Personality', Journal of Consumer Research 3(2), 95-100.
41. Singhapakdi, A. and S. J. Vitell: 1990, 'Marketing Ethics: Factors Influencing Perceptions of Ethical Problems and Alternatives', Journal of Macromarketing 10, 4-18.
42. Singhapakdi, A., S. J. Vitell, C. P. Rao and D. L. Kurtz: 1999, 'Ethics Gap: Comparing Marketers with Consumers on Important Determinants of Ethical Decision-making', Journal of Business Ethics 21(4), 317-328.
43. Smith, N. C. and J. A. Quelch: 1993, Ethics in Marketing (Richard D. Irwin, Homewood, Boston), 838 pp.
44. Vermeir, I., P. Van Kenhove, P. Vlerick and H. Hendrickx: 1999, 'The Influence of Need for Closure on Choice Behaviour', in L. Hildebrandt, D. Annacker and D. Klapper (eds.), Proceedings of the 28th European Marketing Academy Conference (Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin), p. 61.
45. Vitell, S. J., J. R. Lumpkin and M. Y. A. Rawwas: 1991, 'Consumers Ethics: An Investigation of the Ethical Beliefs of Elderly Consumers', Journal of Business Ethics 10, 365-375.
46. Vitell, S. J. and J. A. Muncy: 1992, 'Consumer Ethics: An Empirical Investigation of Factors Influencing Ethical Judgments of the Final Consumer', Journal of Business Ethics 11(8), 585-597.
47. Webster, D. and A. Kruglanski: 1994: 'Individual Differences in Need for Cognitive Closure', Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 67(6), 1049-1062.