A Saudi nuclear option?

Survival

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2001, Pages 69-80

  Russell, Richard L ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039189895     PISSN: 00396338     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/survival/43.2.69     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. US News & World Report, Triumph without Victory: The History of the Persian Gulf War (New York: Random House, 1993), p. 73; and Nadav Safran, Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), p. 367.
2. US News & World Report, Triumph without Victory: The History of the Persian Gulf War (New York: Random House, 1993), p. 73; and Nadav Safran, Saudi Arabia: The Ceaseless Quest for Security (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1988), p. 367.
3. Bob Woodward, The Commanders (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1991), p. 240.
4. ibid, p. 271.
5. The Military Balance, 2000-2001 (London: Oxford University Press for The International Institute for Strategic Studies, 2000), pp. 139-40 and 152.
6. For an interesting account of the battle of Khafji, see Michael R. Gordon and Bernard E. Trainer, The Generals' War (New York: Little, Brown and Company, 1995), pp. 267-288.
7. Steve Fetter, 'Ballistic Missiles and Weapons of Mass Destruction: What Is the Threat? What Should be Done?' International Security 16, no. 1 (Summer 1991), p. 14.
8. The Military Balance, p. 139.
9. Yair Evron, Israel's Nuclear Dilemma (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1994), p. 11.
10. Fetter, 'Ballistic Missiles and Weapons of Mass Destruction: What Is the Threat? What Should be Done?', p. 14.
11. The Military Balance, p. 142.
12. Fetter, 'Ballistic Missiles and Weapons of Mass Destruction: What Is the Threat? What Should be Done?', p. 14.
13. The Military Balance, pp. 146, 154 and 157.
14. Anne Marie Squeo and Daniel Pearl, 'United Arab Emirates Snags Deal as Weapons Firms Cling to Life', Wall Street Journal, 20 April 2000, pp. A1 and A10.
15. Salameh Ne'matt, 'Keeping the Options Open', Jane's Defense Weekly, 7 March 2001, p. 57.
16. Bill Gertz and Rowan Scarborough, 'No UAE Sanctions', Washington Times, 14 April 2000, p. A10.
17. Steve Rodan, 'Israel, USA Claim Egyptian Missile Links with North Korea', Jane's Defense Weekly, 23 February 2000, p.18.
18. At least one scholar has suggested that Saudi Arabia was considering the establishment of a weapons-related nuclear infrastructure, but that strong American diplomatic intervention convinced Riyadh to abandon the idea. Evron, Israel's Nuclear Dilemma, p. 33. The source of Evron's information is unclear. Hecites, 'Private information received by the author in the United States'. See endnote 66, p. 280.
19. Yitzhak Shichor, East Wind over Arabia: Origins and Implications of the Sino-Saudi Missile Deal (Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California at Berkeley, 1989), p. 27.
20. Jim Mann, 'Threat to Mideast Military Balance: U.S. Caught Napping by Sino-Saudi Missile Deal', Los Angeles Times, 4 May 1988, p. A1.
21. Anthony H. Cordesman, Saudi Arabia: Guarding the Desert Kingdom (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1997), p. 178.
22. Duncan Lennox (ed.), Jane's Strategic Weapons Systems (Alexandria, VA: Jane's Information Group, Inc., 2000), p. 4.
23. Cordesman, Saudi Arabia: Guarding the Desert Kingdom, p. 178.
24. Lennox, Jane's Strategic Weapons Systems, p. 35.
25. Shichor, East Wind over Arabia, p. 58.
26. Lennox, Jane's Strategic Weapons Systems, p. 34.
27. For an examination of the marginal advantages of ballistic missiles over combat aircraft, unless they are intended for the delivery of nuclear weapons, see John R. Harvey, 'Regional Ballistic Missiles and Advanced Strike Aircraft', International Security 17, no. 2 (Fall 1992), pp. 41-83.
28. Neil Joeck, Maintaining Nuclear Stability in South Asia, Adelphi Paper 312 (Oxford: Oxford University Press for The International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1997), p. 67.
29. Samina Ahmed, 'Pakistan's Nuclear Weapons Program: Turning Points and Nuclear Choices', International Security 23, no. 4 (Spring 1999), p. 199.
30. In the 1980s, the Saudis turned to the Pakistanis for military support to shore up Saudi security. Since then, the Saudis have hosted about two Pakistani brigades in Saudi Arabia for an estimated $1bn per year. See Safran, pp. 372 and 440.
31. Jane Perlez, 'Saudi's Visit to Arms Site in Pakistan Worries U.S.', New York Times, 10 July 1999, p. A7.
32. Avner Cohen, Israel and the Bomb (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), p. 2. Cohen developed this concept with Benjamin Frankel in Opaque Nuclear Proliferation: Methodological and Policy Implications, ed. Benjamin Frankel (London: Frank Cass, 1991), pp. 14-44.
33. Avner Cohen, Israel and the Bomb (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), p. 2. Cohen developed this concept with Benjamin Frankel in Opaque Nuclear Proliferation: Methodological and Policy Implications, ed. Benjamin Frankel (London: Frank Cass, 1991), pp. 14-44.
34. Kenneth Waltz is the most pronounced advocate of this view. For his argument, as well as those of an insightful critic, see Scott D. Sagan and Kenneth N. Waltz, The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate (New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 1995).