Specificities: AIDS activism and the retreat from the 'genocide' frame

Social Identities

Volumn 3, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 415-438

  Epstein, Steven ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0039176857     PISSN: 13504630     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/13504639751998     Document Type: Article

References (116)

1. Adam, B.D. (1987) The Rise of a Gay and Lesbian Movement, Boston: Twayne Publishers.
2. 'The AIDS 'Plot' Against Blacks' (1992) New York Times, 12 May, A22.
3. Altman, D. (1982) The Homosexualization of America, Boston: Beacon Press.
4. - (1986) AIDS in the Mind of America, Garden City, NJ: Anchor Press/Double-day.
5. - (1994) Power and Community: Organizational and Cultural Responses to AIDS, London: Taylor & Francis.
6. Anonymous (1991) ACT UP/New York Capsule History, New York: AIDS Coalition to Unleash Power.
7. Antiviral Drugs Advisory Committee of the US Food and Drug Administration (1991) Meeting transcript, Bethesda, MD: Food and Drug Administration, 13-14 February.
8. Arno, P.S. and K.L. Feiden (1992) Against the Odds: the Story of AIDS Drug Development, Politics and Profits, New York: Harper Collins.
9. Balogh, B. (1991) Chain Reaction: Expert Debate and Public Participation in American Commercial Nuclear Power, 1945-1975, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
10. Barr, D. (1994 ) Interview by author, New York City, 28 April.
11. Bayer, R. (1981) Homosexuality and American Psychiatry: the Politics of Diagnosis, New York: Basic Books.
12. - (1985) 'AIDS and the Gay Movement: Between the Spectre and the Promise of Medicine', Social Research, 5: 581-606.
13. Benford, R.D. (1993) 'Frame Disputes within the Nuclear Disarmament Movement', Social Forces, 71: 677-701.
14. Benford, R.D. and S.A. Hunt (1993) 'Dramaturgy and Social Movements: the Social Construction and Communication of Power', Sociological Inquiry, 62: 36-55.
15. Blume, S., J. Bunders, L. Leydesdorff and R. Whitley (eds) (1987) The Social Direction of the Public Sciences, Dordrecht, Holland: D. Reidel.
16. Boston Women's Health Book Collective (1973) Our Bodies, Ourselves: a Book by and for Women, New York: Simon & Schuster.
17. Bourdieu, P. (1990) The Logic of Practice, Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
18. Brown, P. (1992) 'Popular Epidemiology and Toxic Waste Contamination: Lay and Professional Ways of Knowing', Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 33: 267-81.
19. Bull, C. (1988) 'Seizing Control of the FDA', Gay Community News, 16-22 October: 1, 3.
20. - (1993) 'No News is Bad News', The Advocate, 13 July: 24-27.
21. Cohen, C.J. (1993) 'Power, Resistance and the Construction of Crisis: Marginalized Communities Respond to AIDS', Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan.
22. Corea, G. (1992) The Invisible Epidemic: the Story of Women and AIDS, New York: Harper Collins.
23. Cozzens, S.E. and E.J. Woodhouse (1995) 'Science, Government, and the Politics of Knowledge', in S. Jasanoff, G. Markle, J.C. Petersen and T. Pinch (eds) Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
24. Crimp, D. and A. Rolston (1990) AIDS Demographics, Seattle: Bay Press.
25. Crowley, W.F.P. III (1991) 'Gaining Access: the Politics of AIDS Clinical Drug Trials in Boston', Undergraduate thesis, Harvard College.
26. Dalton, H.L. (1989) 'AIDS in Blackface', Daedalus, 118: 205-27.
27. Dennenberg, R. (1991) 'Women, AIDS, Lesbians and Polities', Outweek, 20 March: 26, 27, 82.
28. DeParle, J. (1991) 'For Some Blacks, Social Ills Seem to Follow White Plans', Neio York Times, 11 August: 5 (Section 4).
29. Di Chiro, G. (1992) 'Defining Environmental Justice: Women's Voices and Grassroots Polities', Socialist Review, October-December: 93-130.
30. Dobson, J. (1990) 'Why ACT-UP Split in Two', San Francisco Sentinel, 20 September: 4.
31. Eigo, J., M. Harrington, I. Long, M. McCarthy, S. Spinella and R. Sugden (1988) FDA Action Handbook, New York: ACT UP/New York, 21 September.
32. Elbaz, G. (1992) 'The Sociology of AIDS Activism, the Case of ACT UP/New York, 1987-1992', Ph.D. dissertation, City University of New York.
33. Emke, I. (1993) 'Medical Authority and its Discontents: the Case of Organized Non-compliance', Critical Sociology, 19: 57-80
34. Epstein, B. (1991) Political Protest and Cultural Revolution: Nonviolent Direct Action in the 1970s and 1980s, Berkeley: University of California Press.
35. Epstein, S. (1987) 'Gay Politics, Ethnic Identity: the Limits of Social Constructionism', Socialist Review, 93/94: 9-54.
36. - (1995) 'The Construction of Lay Expertise: AIDS Activism and the Forging of Credibility in the Reform of Clinical Trials', Science, Technology, and Human Values, 20: 408-37.
37. - (1996) Impure Science: AIDS, Activism, and the Politics of Knowledge, Berkeley: University of California Press.
38. - (forthcoming) 'Activism, Drug Regulation, and the Politics of Therapeutic Evaluation in the AIDS Era: a Case Study of ddC and the "Surrogate Markers" Debate', Social Studies of Science.
39. Fauci, A. (1994) Interview by author, Bethesda, MD, 31 October.
40. Fee, E. (ed.) (1982) Women and Health: the Politics of Sex in Medicine, Farming-dale, NY: Baywood.
41. Fiske, J. (1994) Media Matters: Everyday Culture and Political Change, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
42. Franke-Ruta, G. (1994) Interview by author, New York City, 29 April.
43. Frickel, S. (1995) 'Why the Sociology of Science and the Sociology of Collective Action Need Each Other', presented at the annual meeting of the American Sociological Association, Washington DC, 21 August.
44. 'GAG Claims Doctors are Killing Babies' (1993) Capital Gay, 4 June: 9.
45. Gamson, J. (1989) 'Silence, Death, and the Invisible Enemy: AIDS Activism and Social Movement "Newness"', Social Problems, 36: 351-65.
46. - (1995) 'Must Identity Movements Self-destruct? A Queer Dilemma', Social Problems, 42: 390-407.
47. Gamson, W.A. (1988) 'Political Discourse and Collective Action', International Social Movements Research, 1: 219-44.
48. Garrison, J. (1989) 'AIDS Activists Being Heard', San Francisco Examiner, 5 September: A-1, A-8.
49. Geltmaker, T. (1992) 'The Queer Nation Acts Up: Health Care, Politics, and Sexual Diversity in the County of Angels', Society and Space, 10: 609-50.
50. Gieryn, T.F. (1983) 'Boundary Work and the Demarcation of Science from Non-science: Strains and Interests in Professional Ideologies of Scientists', American Sociological Review, 48: 781-95.
51. Gitlin, T. (1980) The Whole World is Watching: Mass Media in the Making and Unmaking of the New Left, Berkeley: University of California Press.
52. Goffman, E. (1974) Frame Analysis: an Essay on the Organization of Experience, New York: Harper & Row.
53. Gonsalves, G. (1993) Basic Research on HIV Infection: a Report from the Front, New York: Treatment Action Group.
54. Gusfield, J.R. (1981) The Culture of Public Problems, Chicago: University of Chicago.
55. Harrington, M. (1994) Interview by author, New York City, 29 April.
56. Heger, H. (1994) The Men with the Pink Triangle, 2nd edn, Boston: Alyson.
57. Hilts, P.J. (1990) '82 Held in Protest on Pace of AIDS Research', New York Times, 22 May: C-2.
58. Hirsch, E.L. (1990) 'Sacrifice for the Cause: Group Processes, Recruitment, and Commitment in a Student Social Movement', American Sociological Review, 5: 243-54.
59. Hunt, S.A. and R.D. Benford (1994) 'Identity Talk in the Peace and Justice Movement', Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 22: 488-517.
60. Hunt, S.A., R.D. Benford and D.A. Snow (1994) 'Identity Fields: Framing Processes and the Social Construction of Movement Identities', in E. Laraña, H. Johnston and J.R. Gusfield (eds) New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
61. Indyk, D. and D. Rier (1993) 'Grassroots AIDS Knowledge: Implications for the Boundaries of Science and Collective Action', Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, 15:3-43.
62. James, J.S. (1986) 'What's Wrong with AIDS Treatment Research?', AIDS Treatment News, 9 May.
63. - (1988) 'FDA Relaxes Drug Access Policy', AIDS Treatment News, 29 July.
64. - (1990) 'ACT UP Calls for NIH Demonstration May 21', AIDS Treatment News, 28 April.
65. Jasper, J.M. and D. Nelkin (1992) The Animal Rights Crusade: the Growth of a Moral Protest, New York: Free Press.
66. Jones, J. (1993) Bad Blood: the Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 2nd edn, New York: Free Press.
67. Jonsen, A.R. and J. Stryker (eds) (1993) The Social Impact of AIDS in the United States, Washington DC: National Academy Press.
68. Kirp, D.L. (1996) 'The Politics of Blood: Social Movement Mobilization in the AIDS Crisis', unpublished, Graduate School of Public Policy, University of California, Berkeley.
69. Klandermans, B. (1992) 'The Social Construction of Protest and Multiorganizational Fields', in A.D. Morris and C. McClurg Mueller (eds) Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press.
70. - (1994) 'Transient Identities? Membership Patterns in the Dutch Peace Movement', in E. Laraña, H. Johnston and J.R. Gusfield (eds) New Social Movements: From Ideology to Identity, Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
71. Kleidman, R. (1994) 'Volunteer Activism and Professionalism in Social Movement Organizations', Social Problems, 41: 257-76.
72. Kramer, L. (1989) Reports from the Holocaust: the Making of an AIDS Activist, New York: St Martins.
73. Kwitny, J. (1992) Acceptable Risks, New York: Poseidon Press.
74. Lapierre, D. (1991) Beyond Love, New York: Warner Books.
75. Lauritsen, J. (1993) The AIDS War: Propaganda, Profiteering and Genocide from the Medical-Industrial Complex, New York: Asklepios.
76. Link, D. (1994) Interview by author, New York City, 20 April.
77. Lo, C.Y.H. (1992) 'Communities of Challengers in Social Movement Theory', in A.D. Morris and C. McClurg Mueller (eds) Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press.
78. Martin, B. (1980) 'The Goal of Self-managed Science: Implications for Action', Radical Science Journal, 10: 3-16.
79. McAdam, D. (1982) Political Process and the Development of Black Insurgency, 1930-1970, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
80. Mehan, H. and J. Wills (1988) 'MEND: A Nurturing Voice in the Nuclear Arms Debate', Social Problems, 35: 363-83.
81. Melucci, A. (1988) 'Getting Involved: Identity and Mobilization in Social Movements', International Social Movement Research, 1: 329-48.
82. Meyer, D.S. and N. Whittier (1994) 'Social Movement Spillover', Social Problems, 41: 277-98.
83. Moore, K. (1996) 'Organizing Integrity: American Science and the Creation of Public Interest Organizations, 1955-1975', American Journal of Sociology, 101: 1592-627.
84. Murray, S.O. (1979) 'Institutional Elaboration of a Quasi-ethnic Community', International Review of Modern Sociology, 9: 165-78.
85. Nelkin, D. (1987) 'Controversies and the Authority of Science', in H.T. Engelhardt, Jr and A.L. Caplan (eds) Scientific Controversies: Case Studies in the Resolution and Closure of Disputes in Science and Technology, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
86. Patton, C. (1985) Sex and Germs: the Politics of AIDS, Boston: South End Press.
87. - (1990) Inventing AIDS, New York: Routledge.
88. Petersen, J.C. (ed.) (1984) Citizen Participation in Science Policy, Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
89. Phair, J. (1994) Interview by author, Chicago, 15 November.
90. PWA Coalition (1988) 'Founding Statement of People with AIDS/ARC', in D. Crimp (ed.) AIDS: Cultural Analysis, Cultural Activism, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
91. Quimby, E. and S.R. Friedman (1989) 'Dynamics of Black Mobilization against AIDS in New York City', Social Problems, 36: 403-15.
92. Raphael, K. (1990) 'ACT-UP: Growing Apart', San Francisco Sentinel, 20 September: 5.
93. Richman, D. (1994) Interview by author, San Diego, 1 June.
94. Roland, M. (1993) Interview by author, Davis, CA, 18 December.
95. Rosenthal, N. and M. Schwartz (1989) 'Spontaneity and Democracy in Social Movements', International Social Movement Research, 2: 33-59.
96. Ruzek, S.B. (1978) Feminist Alternatives to Medical Control, New York: Praeger.
97. Rycroft, R.W. (1991) 'Environmentalism and Science: Politics and the Pursuit of Knowledge', Knowledge: Creation, Diffusion, Utilization, 13: 150-69.
98. 'Safe-sex Comic Book for Gays Riles Senate' (1987) San Francisco Chronicle, 15 October, A-7.
99. Schulman, S. (1994) My American History: Lesbian and Gay Life during the Reagan/Bush years, New York: Routledge.
100. Shively, C. (1987) 'AIDS and Genes', Gay Community News, 4 October: 3, 13, 14.
101. Snow, D.A. and R.D. Benford (1988) 'Ideology, Frame Resonance, and Participant Mobilization', International Social Movement Research, 1: 197-217.
102. - (1992) 'Master Frames and Cycles of Protest', in A.D. Morris and C. McClurg (eds) Mueller Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press.
103. Snow, D.A., E. Burke Rochford, Jr, S.K. Worden and R.D. Benford (1986) 'Frame Alignment Processes: Micromobilization and Movement Participation', American Sociological Review, 51: 464-81.
104. 'Soviets say CIA Created AIDS to Use in Biological Warfare' (1985) San Francisco Examiner, 31 October, A-9.
105. Stein, A. (1990) 'Holocaust as Metaphor', Socialist Review, 20: 143-48.
106. - (1992) 'Sisters and Queers: the Decentering of Lesbian Feminism', Socialist Review 22: 33-55.
107. - (1996) 'Mobilizing Memories: the Holocaust as a Symbolic Resource for Social Movements', unpublished, Department of Sociology, University of Oregon.
108. Taylor, V. and N.E. Whittier (1992) 'Collective Identity in Social Movement Communities: Lesbian Feminist Mobilization', in A.D. Morris and C. McClurg Mueller (eds) Frontiers in Social Movement Theory, New Haven: Yale University Press.
109. Thomas, S.B. and S. Crouse Quinn (1991) 'The Tuskegee Syphilis Study, 1932 to 1972: Implications for HIV Education and AIDS Risk Education Programs in the Black Community', American Journal of Public Health, 81: 1498-505.
110. Toumey, C.P. (1996) Conjuring Science: Scientific Symbols and Cultural Meanings in American Life, New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
111. Treichler, P.A. (1991) 'How to have Theory in an Epidemic: the Evolution of AIDS Treatment Activism', in C. Penley and A. Ross (eds) Technoculture, Minneapolis and Oxford: University of Minnesota Press.
112. Troyer, R.J. (1984) 'From Prohibition to Regulation: Comparing Two Antismoking Movements', Research in Social Movements, Conflict and Change, 7: 53-69.
113. White, S. (1993) 'Scientists and the Environmental Movement', Chain Reaction, 68: 31-33.
114. Winnow, J. (1992) 'Lesbians Evolving Health Care: Cancer and AIDS', Feminist Review, 41: 68-77.
115. Wright, P. (1987) 'Smallpox Vaccine "Triggered AIDS Virus"', Times (London), 11 May, 1.
116. Wynne, B. (1992) 'Misunderstood Misunderstanding: Social Identities and Public Uptake of Science', Public Understanding of Science, 1: 281-304.