Scaling of long bones in ruminants with respect to the scapula

Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research

Volumn 41, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 118-126

  Lilje, Karin E ^a   Tardieu, Christine ^b   Fischer, Martin S ^a  

^a FRIEDRICH SCHILLER UNIVERSITY JENA   (Germany)

^b MUSÉUM NATIONAL D'HISTOIRE NATURELLE   (France)

Author keywords

Elastic similarity; Geometric similarity; Ruminantia; Scaling

Indexed keywords

ADAPTATION; BONE; LIMB; LOCOMOTION; RUMINANT;

BOVIDAE; MAMMALIA; RUMINANTIA;

EID: 0038743000     PISSN: 09475745     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1046/j.1439-0469.2003.00207.x     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Alexander, R. McN., 1977: Allometry of the limbs of antelopes (Bovidae). J. Zool. (Lond.) 183, 125-146.
2. Alexander, R. McN.; Langman, V. A.; Jayes, A. S., 1977: Fast locomotion of some African ungulates. J. Zool. (Lond.) 183, 291-300.
3. Alexander, R. McN.; Jayes, A.S.; Maloiy, G. M. O.; Wathuta, E. M, 1979: Allometry of the limb bones of mammals from shrews (Sorex) to elephant (Loxodonta). J. Zool. (Lond.) 189, 305-314.
4. Back, W.; van den Bogart, A. J.; van den Weeren, P. R.; Bruin, G. & Barneveld, A., 1993: Quantification of the locomotion of Dutch Warmblood foals. Acta. Anat. 146, 141-147.
5. Bertram, J. E. A.; Biewener, A. A., 1990: Differential scaling of the long bones in the terrestrial Carnivora and other Mammals. J. Morphol. 204, 157-169.
6. Bertram, J. E. A.; Biewener, A. A., 1992: Allometry and curvature in the long bones of quadrupedal mammals. J. Zool. (Lond.) 226, 455-467.
7. Biewener, A., 1983a: Allometry of quadrupedal locomotion: the scaling of duty factor, bone curvature and limb orientation to body size. J. Exp. Biol. 105, 147-171.
8. Biewener, A., 1983: Scaling relative mechanical advantage: implications for muscle function in different sized animals. Fedn. Proc. Fedn. Am. Socs. Exp. Biol. 42, 469.
9. Biewener, A., 1989: Scaling body support in mammals: limb posture and muscle mechanics. Science 245, 45-47.
10. Böker, H.; Pfaff, R., 1931: Die biologische Anatomie der Fortbewegung auf dem Boden und ihre phylogenetische Abhängigkeit vom primären Baumklettern bei den Säugetieren; Die biologische Anatomie der Renner. Gegenbauers morphologisches Jahrbuch 68, 519-531.
11. Bou, J.; Casinos, A., 1985: Scaling of bone mass to body mass in insectivores and rodents. In: Duncker, H. R.; Fleischer, G., (eds), Functional morphology in vertebrates, Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag, pp. 61-64.
12. Bou, J.; Casinos, A.; Ocana, J., 1987: Allometry of the limb long bones of insectivores and rodents. J. Morphol. 192, 113-123.
13. Christiansen, P., 1999: Scaling of mammalian long bones: small and large mammals compared. J. Zool. (Lond.) 247, 333-348.
14. Demes, B.; Larson, S. G.; Stern Jr, J. T.; Jungers, W. L.; Biknevicius & Schmitt, D., 1994: The kinetics of primate quadrupedalism: 'hindlimb drive' reconsidered. J. Hum. Evol. 26, 353-374.
15. Duerst, J. U., 1925: Vergleichende Untersuchungsmethoden am Skelett bei Säugern. Handbuch der biologischen Arbeitsmethoden 7, 125-530.
16. Eisenberg, J. F., 1981: The Mammalian Radiations: an Analysis of Trends in Evolution, Adaptation, and Behavior. London: The Athlone Press.
17. Fancy, S. G.; White, R. G., 1987: Energy expenditures for locomotion by barren-ground caribou. Can. J. Zool. 65, 122-128.
18. Fischer, M.S., 1994: Crouched posture and high fulcrum, a principle in the locomotion of small mammals: the example of the rock hyrax (Procavia capensis) (Mammalia: Hyracoidea). J. Hum. Evol. 26, 501-524.
19. Fischer, M.S.; Lehmann, R., 1998: Application of cineradiography for the metric and kinematic study of in-phase gaits during locomotion of the pika (Ochotona rufescens, Mammalia: Lagomorpha). Zoology 101, 148-173.
20. Fischer, M.S.; Schilling, N.; Schmidt, M.; Haarhaus, D.; Witte, H., 2002: Basic limb kinematics of small therian mammals. J. exp. Biol. 205, 1315-1338.
21. Garland, T.; Janis, C.M., 1993: Does Metatarsal/Femur ratio predict maximal running speed in cursorial mammals? J. Zool. (Lond.) 229, 133-151.
22. Gould, S. J., 1966: Allometry and size in ontogeny and phylogeny. Biological Review 41, 87-640.
23. Gregory, W. K., 1912: Notes on the principles of quadrupedal locomotion and on the mechanism of the limbs in hoofed animals. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 22, 267-295.
24. Grzimek, B., 1988: Grizmeks Enzyklopädie, Säugetiere, Bd. 5. München: Kindler Verlag GmbH, pp. 84-567.
25. Hildebrand, M., 1959: Motions of the running cheetah and horse. J. Mammal 40, 481-495
26. Hildebrand, M., 1962: Walking, running, and jumping. Am. Zool. 2, 151-155.
27. Janis, C.M.; Wilhelm, P.B., 1993: Were there mammalian pursuit predators in the tertiary? Dances with Wolf avatars. J. Mammal Evol. 1, 103-125.
28. Krüger, W., 1937: Über den Bewegungsablauf an dem oberen Teil der Vordergliedmaße des Pferdes im Schritt, Trab und Galopp. Tierärztliche Rundschau 49, 809-826.
29. Krüger, W., 1938: Über den Bewegungsablauf an dem oberen Teil der Hintergliedmaße des Pferdes im Schritt, Trab und Galopp. Tierärztliche Rundschau 34, 549-557.
30. Krüger, W., 1939: Über den Bewegungsablauf am proximalen Teil der äußeren Vordergliedmaße des Pferdes beim Galopp. Tierärztliche Rundschau 5, 70-72.
31. Lilje, K. E.; Fischer, M. S., 2001: A kinematic study of a medium-sized mammal - the domestic goat. In: Blickhan, R., (ed.), Motion Systems 2001, Collected short papers of the Innovationskolleg 'Bewegungssysteme', Aachen: Shaker Verlag, pp. 132-136.
32. McArdle, B.H., 1988: The structural relationship: regression in biology. Can. J. Zool. 66, 2329-2339.
33. McMahon, T. A., 1973: Size and shape in biology. Science 179, 1201-1204.
34. McMahon, T.A., 1975: Allometry and biomechanics: limb bones in adult Ungulates. Am. Nat. 109, 547-563.
35. Raich, J.; Casinos, A., 1991: Limb proportions in terrestrial mammals. Belg. J. Zool. 121, 295-314.
36. Rose, K. D., 1982: Skeleton of Diacodexis, oldest known artiodactyl. Science 216, 621-623.
37. Rose, K. D., 1985: Comperative osteology of North American dichobunid artiodactyls. J. Paleontol. 59, 1203-1226.
38. Schilling, N.; Fischer, M. S., 1999: Kinematic analysis of treadmill locomotion of Tree shrews, Tupaia glis (Scandentia: Tupaiidae). Z. Säugetierkunde 64, 129-153.
39. Schmidt, M.; Fischer, M. S., 2000: Cineradiographic study of forelimb movements during quadrupedal walking in the brown lemur (Eulemur fulvus, Primates: Lemuridae). Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 111, 245-262.
40. Schmidt-Nielsen, K., 1984: Why is animal size so important? Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
41. Scott, K.M. (1987). Allometry and habitat-related adaptations in the postcranial skeleton of Cervidae. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, pp. 65-80.
42. Selker, F.; Carter, D.R., 1989: Scaling of long bone fracture strength with animal mass. J. Biomech. 22, 1175-1183.
43. Smith, J. M.; Savage, R. J. G., 1956: Some locomotory adaptations in mammals. J. Linn. Soc. 42, 603-622.
44. Sokal, R. R.; Rohlf, F. J., 1995: Biometry, 2nd edn. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co.
45. Steudel, K., 1995: Does limb length predict the relative energetic cost of locomotion in mammals? J. Zool. (Lond.) 235, 501-514.