Tracking cognitive processes with functional MRI mental chronometry

Current Opinion in Neurobiology

Volumn 13, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 174-181

  Formisano, Elia ^a   Goebel, Rainer ^a  

^a MAASTRICHT UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BRAIN REGION; CHRONOBIOLOGY; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; DEPTH PERCEPTION; HEMISPHERE; HUMAN; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; PARIETAL LOBE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SENSORY STIMULATION; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; TOPOGRAPHY; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VISUAL CORTEX; VISUOMOTOR COORDINATION;

EID: 0038734285     PISSN: 09594388     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0959-4388(03)00044-8     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Donders F.C. On the speed of mental processes (translation). Acta Psychol. (Amst). 30:1969;412-431.
2. Sternberg S. The discovery of processing stages: extensions of Donder's method. Acta Psychol. (Amst). 30:1969;276-315.
3. Posner MI: Chronometric Explorations of Mind. New York: Oxford University Press; 1978.
4. Meyer D.E., Osman A.M., Irwin D.E., Yantis S. Modern mental chronometry. Biol. Psychol. 26:1988;3-67.
5. Georgopoulos A.P., Pellizzer G. The mental and the neural: psychological and neural studies of mental rotation and memory scanning. Neuropsychologia. 33:1995;1531-1547.
6. Georgopoulos A.P., Taira M., Lukashin A. Cognitive neurophysiology of the motor cortex. Science. 260:1993;47-52.
7. Renault B., Ragot R., Lesevre N., Remond A. Onset and offset of brain events as indices of mental chronometry. Science. 215:1982;1413-1415.
8. Hillyard S.A. Electrical and magnetic brain recordings: contributions to cognitive neuroscience. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 3:1993;217-224.
9. Hari R., Levanen S., Raij T. Timing of human cortical functions during cognition: role of MEG. Trends Cogn. Sci. 4:2000;455-462.
10. Rosen B.R., Buckner R.L., Dale A.M. Event-related functional MRI: past, present, and future. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA. 95:1998;773-780.
11. Buckner R.L. Event-related fMRI and the hemodynamic response. Hum. Brain Mapp. 6:1998;373-377.
12. Menon R.S., Luknowsky D.C., Gati J.S. Mental chronometry using latency-resolved functional MRI. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA. 95:1998;10902-10907.
13. Menon R.S., Kim S.G. Spatial and temporal limits in cognitive neuroimaging with fMRI. Trends Cogn. Sci. 3:1999;207-216.
14. Dale A.M., Halgren E. Spatiotemporal mapping of brain activity by integration of multiple imaging modalities. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 11:2001;202-208.
15. Bodurka J., Bandettini P.A. Toward direct mapping of neuronal activity: MRI detection of ultraweak, transient magnetic field changes. Magn. Reson. Med. 47:2002;1052-1058.
16. Logothetis N.K., Pauls J., Augath M., Trinath T., Oeltermann A. Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature. 412:2001;150-157.
17. Logothetis N.K. The neural basis of the blood-oxygen-level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging signal. Philos. Trans. R Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 357:2002;1003-1037.
18. Attwell D., Iadecola C. The neural basis of functional brain imaging signals. Trends Neurosci. 25:2002;621-625.
19. Zarahn E. Testing for neural responses during temporal components of trials with BOLD fMRI. NeuroImage. 11:2000;783-796.
20. Aguirre G.K., Zarahn E., D'Esposito M. The variability of human, BOLD hemodynamic responses. NeuroImage. 8:1998;360-369.
21. Saad Z.S., Ropella K.M., Cox R.W., DeYoe E.A. Analysis and use of FMRI response delays. Hum. Brain Mapp. 13:2001;74-93.
22. Harrison R.V., Harel N., Panesar J., Mount R.J. Blood capillary distribution correlates with hemodynamic-based functional imaging in cerebral cortex. Cereb. Cortex. 12:2002;225-233.
23. Richter W., Andersen P.M., Georgopoulos A.P., Kim S.G. Sequential activity in human motor areas during a delayed cued finger movement task studied by time-resolved fMRI. NeuroReport. 8:1997;1257-1261.
24. Richter W., Ugurbil K., Georgopoulos A., Kim S.G. Time-resolved fMRI of mental rotation. NeuroReport. 8:1997;3697-3702.
25. Thierry G., Boulanouar K., Kherif F., Ranjeva J.P., Demonet J.F. Temporal sorting of neural components underlying phonological processing. NeuroReport. 10:1999;2599-2603.
26. Toni I., Schluter N.D., Josephs O., Friston K., Passingham R.E. Signal-, set- and movement-related activity in the human brain: an event-related fMRI study. Cereb. Cortex. 9:1999;35-49.
27. Huettel S.A., McCarthy G. Evidence for a refractory period in the hemodynamic response to visual stimuli as measured by MRI. NeuroImage. 11:2000;547-553.
28. Richter W., Somorjai R., Summers R., Jarmasz M., Menon R.S., Gati J.S., Georgopoulos A.P., Tegeler C., Ugurbil K., Kim S.G. Motor area activity during mental rotation studied by time-resolved single-trial fMRI. J. Cogn. Neurosci. 12:2000;310-320.
29. Weilke F., Spiegel S., Boecker H., von Einsiedel H.G., Conrad B., Schwaiger M., Erhard P. Time-resolved fMRI of activation patterns in M1 and SMA during complex voluntary movement. J. Neurophysiol. 85:2001;1858-1863 The authors use two tasks that exert differential influence on temporal activation to ensure that the observed cascade of activation during complex movements is not the result of differences in the hemodynamic response function.
30. Toni I., Thoenissen D., Zilles K. Movement preparation and motor intention. NeuroImage. 14:2001;S110-117.
31. Formisano E., Linden D.E., Di Salle F., Trojano L., Esposito F., Sack A.T., Grossi D., Zanella F.E., Goebel R. Tracking the mind's image in the brain: time-resolved fMRI during visuo-spatial mental imagery. Neuron. 35:2002;185-194 In this study, fMRI-based mental chronometry is used to address the issue of functional differentiation among the various cortical areas involved in a complex mental imagery task. Although the identified spatial pattern of brain activation is in agreement with previous knowledge [55], the time-resolved and trial-by-trial analyses of fMRI responses highlight different functional roles for regions in the left and right posterior parietal cortex. These results are confirmed by a related study in which fMRI and rTMS are combined [57].
32. Henson R.N., Price C.J., Rugg M.D., Turner R., Friston K.J. Detecting latency differences in event-related BOLD responses: application to words versus nonwords and initial versus repeated face presentations. NeuroImage. 15:2002;83-97.
33. Hernandez L., Badre D., Noll D., Jonides J. Temporal sensitivity of event-related fMRI. NeuroImage. 17:2002;1018-1026 This study reports a quantitative analysis of the temporal sensitivity that can be achieved in event-related fMRI. Using computer simulations and real data the authors conclude that temporal resolution of fMRI is in the order of a few hundred milliseconds with 95% confidence.
34. Huettel S.A., McCarthy G. Regional differences in the refractory period of the hemodynamic response: an event-related fMRI study. NeuroImage. 14:2001;967-976.
35. Pfeuffer J., Van de Moortele P.F., Yacoub E., Shmuel A., Adriany G., Andersen P., Merckle H., Garwood M., Ugurbil K., Hu X. Zoomed functional imaging in the human brain at 7 Tesla with simultaneous high spatial and high temporal resolution. NeuroImage. 17:2002;272-286.
36. Griswold M.A., Jakob P.M., Chen Q., Goldfarb J.W., Manning W.J., Edelman R.R., Sodickson D.K. Resolution enhancement in single-shot imaging using simultaneous acquisition of spatial harmonics (SMASH). Magn. Reson. Med. 41:1999;1236-1245.
37. Miezin F.M., Maccotta L., Ollinger J.M., Petersen S.E., Buckner R.L. Characterizing the hemodynamic response: effects of presentation rate, sampling procedure, and the possibility of ordering brain activity based on relative timing. NeuroImage. 11:2000;735-759.
38. Van de Moortele P.F., Cerf B., Lobel E., Paradis A.L., Faurion A., Le Bihan D. Latencies in fMRI time-series: effect of slice acquisition order and perception. NMR Biomed. 10:1997;230-236.
39. Friston K.J., Fletcher P., Josephs O., Holmes A., Rugg M.D., Turner R. Event-related fMRI: characterizing differential responses. NeuroImage. 7:1998;30-40.
40. Rajapakse J.C., Kruggel F., Maisog J.M., von Cramon D.Y. Modeling hemodynamic response for analysis of functional MRI time-series. Hum. Brain Mapp. 6:1998;283-300.
41. Kruggel F., von Cramon D.Y. Modeling the hemodynamic response in single-trial functional MRI experiments. Magn. Reson. Med. 42:1999;787-797.
42. Kruggel F., von Cramon D.Y. Temporal properties of the hemodynamic response in functional MRI. Hum. Brain Mapp. 8:1999;259-271.
43. Calhoun V., Adali T., Kraut M., Pearlson G. A weighted least-squares algorithm for estimation and visualization of relative latencies in event-related functional MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 44:2000;947-954.
44. Purdon P.L., Solo V., Weisskoff R.M., Brown E.N. Locally regularized spatiotemporal modeling and model comparison for functional MRI. NeuroImage. 14:2001;912-923.
45. Liao C.H., Worsley K.J., Poline J.B., Aston J.A., Duncan G.H., Evans A.C. Estimating the delay of the fMRI response. NeuroImage. 16:2002;593-606 This paper discusses thoroughly problems related to the statistical estimation of the delay in the fMRI response. A fast, efficient and robust method is proposed and validated.
46. McKeown M.J., Makeig S., Brown G.G., Jung T.P., Kindermann S.S., Bell A.J., Sejnowski T.J. Analysis of fMRI data by blind separation into independent spatial components. Hum. Brain Mapp. 6:1998;160-188.
47. Duann J.R., Jung T.P., Kuo W.J., Yeh T.C., Makeig S., Hsieh J.C., Sejnowski T.J. Single-trial variability in event-related BOLD signals. NeuroImage. 15:2002;823-835.
48. Seifritz E., Esposito F., Hennel F., Mustovic H., Neuhoff J.G., Bilecen D., Tedeschi G., Scheffler K., Di Salle F. Spatiotemporal pattern of neural processing in the human auditory cortex. Science. 297:2002;1706-1708.
49. Calhoun V.D., Adali T., McGinty V.B., Pekar J.J., Watson T.D., Pearlson G.D. fMRI activation in a visual-perception task: network of areas detected using the general linear model and independent components analysis. NeuroImage. 14:2001;1080-1088 This study shows the use of spatial ICA for detecting spatio-temporal patterns of brain activation in event-related fMRI studies.
50. Shulman G.L., Ollinger J.M., Linenweber M., Petersen S.E., Corbetta M. Multiple neural correlates of detection in the human brain. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA. 98:2001;313-318.
51. Lee K.M., Chang K.H., Roh J.K. Subregions within the supplementary motor area activated at different stages of movement preparation and execution. NeuroImage. 9:1999;117-123.
52. Bellogwan P.S.F., Saad Z.S., Bandettini P.A. Understanding neural system dynamics through task modulation and measurement of functional MRI amplitude, latency and width. Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA. 100:2003;1415-1419 In this study, neural system dynamics that are involved in lexical decision making are investigated using fMRI-based mental chronometry. Bellogwan and co-workers show that the estimation of latency and width of HRs in combination with an appropriate modulation of a task can be used to differentiate between neural routes for the processing of words and nonwords.
53. Kosslyn SM: Image and Brain: the Resolution of the Imagery Debate. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press; 1994.
54. Paivio A. Comparisons of mental clocks. J. Exp. Psychol. Hum. Percept. Perform. 4:1978;61-71.
55. Trojano L., Grossi D., Linden D.E., Formisano E., Hacker H., Zanella F.E., Goebel R., Di Salle F. Matching two imagined clocks: the functional anatomy of spatial analysis in the absence of visual stimulation. Cereb. Cortex. 10:2000;473-481.
56. Kriegeskorte N., Goebel R. An efficient algorithm for topologically correct segmentation of the cortical sheet in anatomical MR volumes. NeuroImage. 14:2001;329-346.
57. Sack A.T., Sperling J.M., Prvulovic D., Formisano E., Goebel R., Di Salle F., Dierks T., Linden D.E. Tracking the mind's image in the brain II: transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals parietal asymmetry in visuo-spatial imagery. Neuron. 35:2002;195-204.
58. Ganis G., Keenan J.P., Kosslyn S.M., Pascual-Leone A. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of primary motor cortex affects mental rotation. Cereb. Cortex. 10:2000;175-180.