The neural basis of functional brain imaging signals

Trends in Neurosciences

Volumn 25, Issue 12, 2002, Pages 621-625

  Attwell, David ^a   Iadecola, Costantino ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b WEILL CORNELL MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

NEUROTRANSMITTER;

ACTION POTENTIAL; BLOOD VOLUME; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN REGION; BRAIN SCINTISCANNING; CELL ACTIVITY; ENERGY; ENERGY CONSUMPTION; GLIA CELL; HEMODYNAMICS; HUMAN; IMAGING SYSTEM; NERVE CELL; NERVE CONDUCTION; NERVE ENDING; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; OXYGEN BLOOD LEVEL; POSTSYNAPTIC MEMBRANE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SIGNAL PROCESSING;

ACTION POTENTIALS; ASTROCYTES; BRAIN; BRAIN MAPPING; CEREBROVASCULAR CIRCULATION; ENERGY METABOLISM; HUMANS; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; NEURAL INHIBITION; PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS;

EID: 0036889792     PISSN: 01662236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0166-2236(02)02264-6     Document Type: Review

References (66)

1. Ogawa S., et al. Brain magnetic resonance imaging with contrast dependent on blood oxygenation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 87:1990;9868-9872.
2. Fox P.T., Raichle M.E. Focal physiological uncoupling of cerebral blood flow and oxidative metabolism during somatosensory stimulation in human subjects. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83:1986;1140-1144.
3. Malonek D., et al. Vascular imprints of neuronal activity: relationships between the dynamics of cortical blood flow, oxygenation, and volume changes following sensory stimulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94:1997;14826-14831.
4. Mosso, A. (1881) Ueber den Kreislauf des Blutes im menschlichen Gehirn, von Veit, Leipzig.
5. Roy C., Sherrington C. On the regulation of the blood supply of the brain. J. Physiol. 11:1890;85-100.
6. Fulton, J.F. (1928) Observations upon the vascularity of the human occipital lobe during visual activity, Brain LI, 310-320.
7. Schmidt C., Hendrix J. Action of chemical substances on cerebral blood vessels. Res. Publ. Assoc. Res. Nerv. Ment. Dis. 18:1938;229-276.
8. Raichle M.E. Behind the scenes of functional brain imaging: a historical and physiological perspective. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:1998;765-772.
9. Hoge R.D., et al. Linear coupling between cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in activated human cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96:1999;9403-9408.
10. Clark J.B., Sokoloff L. Circulation and energy metabolism of the brain. Siegel G.J., et al. Basic Neurochemistry. 6th edn:1999;637-669 Lippincott-Raven.
11. Shulman R.G., Rothman D.L. Interpreting functional imaging studies in terms of neurotransmitter cycling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:1998;11993-11998.
12. Magistretti P.J., et al. Energy on demand. Science. 283:1999;496-497.
13. Magistretti P.J., Pellerin L. Cellular mechanisms of brain energy metabolism and their relevance to functional brain imaging. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London Ser. B. 354:1999;1155-1163.
14. Shin C. Neurophysiologic basis of functional neuroimaging: animal studies. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 17:2000;2-9.
15. Jueptner M., Weiller C. Does measurement of regional cerebral blood flow reflect synaptic activity? - Implications for PET and fMRI. Neuroimage. 2:1995;148-156.
16. 2 during rat forepaw stimulation. Magn. Reson. Med. 42:1999;944-951.
17. Sibson N.R., et al. Stoichiometric coupling of brain glucose metabolism and glutamatergic neuronal activity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:1998;316-321.
18. Attwell D., Laughlin S.B. An energy budget for signalling in the grey matter of the brain. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 21:2001;1133-1145.
19. Wong-Riley M.T.T. Cytochrome oxidase: an endogenous metabolic marker for neuronal activity. Trends Neurosci. 12:1989;94-101.
20. Creutzfeldt O.D. Neurophysiological correlates of different functional states of the brain. Ingvar D.H., Lassen N.A., Alfred Benzon Symposium VIII. 1975;21-46 Academic Press.
21. Ritchie J.M. Energetic aspects of nerve conduction: the relationships between heat production, electrical activity and metabolism. Prog. Biophys. Mol. Biol. 26:1973;149-187.
22. Braitenberg V., Schüz A. Cortex: Statistics and Geometry of Neuronal Connectivity. 2nd edn:1998;Springer.
23. Hertz L., et al. Energy for neurotransmission. Science. 285:1999;639a.
24. Chih C.P., et al. Do neurons really use lactate rather than glucose? Trends Neurosci. 24:2001;573-578.
25. Bonvento G., et al. Does glutamate image your thoughts? Trends Neurosci. 25:2002;359-364.
26. Abeles M. Corticonics: Neural Circuits of the Cerebral Cortex. 1991;Cambridge University Press.
27. Waldvogel D., et al. The relative metabolic demand of excitation and inhibition. Nature. 406:2000;995-998.
28. Ackermann R.F. Increased glucose metabolism during long-duration recurrent inhibition of hippocampal pyramidal cells. J. Neurosci. 4:1984;251-264.
29. 14C]2-deoxyglucose labeling of synaptic activity in the central auditory system. J. Comp. Neurol. 245:1986;553-565.
30. Mintun M.A., et al. Blood flow and oxygen delivery to human brain during functional activity: theoretical modeling and experimental data. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98:2001;6859-6864.
31. Powers W.J., et al. Effect of stepped hypoglycemia on regional cerebral blood flow response to physiological brain activation. Am. J. Physiol. 270:1996;H554-H559.
32. + as main factors for the control of cerebral blood flow: a microelectrode study. Elliott K., O'Connor M., Cerebral vascular smooth muscle and its control. 1978;313-337 Elsevier.
33. Pinard E., et al. Blood flow compensates oxygen demand in the vulnerable CA3 region of the hippocampus during kainate-induced seizures. Neuroscience. 13:1984;1039-1049.
34. Malonek D., Grinvald A. Interactions between electrical activity and cortical microcirculation revealed by imaging spectrosopy: implications for functional brain mapping. Science. 272:1996;551-554.
35. Akgören N., et al. Importance of nitric oxide for local increases of blood flow in rat cerebellar cortex during electrical stimulation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 91:1994;5903-5907.
36. Li J., Iadecola C. Nitric oxide and adenosine mediate vasodilation during functional activation in cerebellar cortex. Neuropharmacology. 33:1994;1453-1461.
37. Yang G., et al. Nitric oxide is the predominant mediator of cerebellar hyperemia during somatosensory activation in rats. Am. J. Physiol. 277:1999;R1760-R1770.
38. Yang G., Iadecola C. Glutamate microinjections in cerebellar cortex reproduce cerebrovascular effects of parallel fibre stimulation. Am. J. Physiol. 271:1996;R1568-R1575.
39. Faraci F.M., Breese K.R. Nitric oxide mediates vasodilation in response to activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in brain. Circ. Res. 72:1993;476-480.
40. Fergus A., Lee K.S. Regulation of cerebral microvessels by glutamatergic mechanisms. Brain Res. 754:1997;35-45.
41. Lovick T. Neurovascular relationships in hippocampal slices: physiological and anatomical studies of mechanisms underlying flow-metabolism coupling in intraparenchymal microvessels. Neuroscience. 92:1999;47-60.
42. Niwa K., et al. Cyclooxygenase-2 contributes to functional hyperemia in whisker-barrel cortex. J. Neurosci. 20:2000;763-770.
43. Kaufmann W.E., et al. COX-2, a synaptically induced enzyme, is expressed by excitatory neurons at postsynaptic sites in rat cerebral cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 93:1996;2317-2321.
44. Iadecola C., et al. Local and propagated vascular responses evoked by focal synaptic activity in cerebellar cortex. J. Neurophysiol. 78:1997;651-659.
45. + produced by stimulation of the fastigial nucleus in rat. Brain Res. 563:1991;273-277.
46. Caesar K., et al. Modification of activity-dependent increases in cerebellar blood flow by extracellular potassium in anaesthetized rats. J. Physiol. 520:1999;281-292.
47. Dreier J.P., et al. Nitric oxide modulates the CBF response to increased extracellular potassium. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 15:1995;914-919.
48. Fergus A., Lee K.S. GABAergic regulation of cerebral microvascular tone in the rat. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17:1997;992-1003.
49. Mathiesen C., et al. Modification of activity-dependent increases of cerebral blood flow by excitatory synaptic activity and spikes in rat cerebellar cortex. J. Physiol. 512:1998;555-566.
50. Lauritzen M. Relationship of spikes, synaptic activity and local changes of cerebral blood flow. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 21:2001;1367-1383.
51. Logothetis N.K., et al. Neurophysiological investigation of the basis of the fMRI signal. Nature. 412:2001;150-157.
52. Southam E., et al. Sources and targets of nitric oxide in rat cerebellum. Neurosci. Lett. 137:1992;241-244.
53. Yang G., et al. Stellate neurons mediate functional hyperemia in the cerebellar molecular layer. J. Neurosci. 20:2000;6968-6973.
54. Krimer L.S., et al. Dopaminergic regulation of cerebral cortical microcirculation. Nat. Neurosci. 1:1998;286-289.
55. Raichle M.E., et al. Central noradrenergic regulation of cerebral blood flow and vascular permeability. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 72:1975;3726-3730.
56. Cohen Z., et al. Astroglial and vascular interactions of noradrenaline terminals in the rat cerebral cortex. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 17:1997;894-904.
57. Cohen Z., et al. Serotonin in the regulation of brain microcirculation. Prog. Neurobiol. 50:1996;335-362.
58. Chedotal A., et al. Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical analysis of the neurovascular relationships of choline acetyltransferase and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide nerve terminals in the rat cerebral cortex. J. Comp. Neurol. 343:1994;57-71.
59. Sato A., Sato Y. Regulation of regional cerebral blood flow by cholinergic fibers originating in the basal forebrain. Neurosci. Res. 14:1992;242-274.
60. Reis D.J., Golanov E.V. Autonomic and vasomotor regulation. Int. Rev. Neurobiol. 41:1997;121-149.
61. Iadecola C. Nitric oxide participates in the cerebrovasodilation elicited from cerebellar fastigial nucleus. Am. J. Physiol. 263:1992;R1156-R1161.
62. Sabatini U., et al. Cortical motor reorganization in akinetic patients with Parkinson's disease: a functional MRI study. Brain. 123:2000;394-403.
63. Vaidya C.J., et al. Selective effects of methylphenidate in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a functional magnetic resonance study. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 95:1998;14494-14499.
64. Nguyen T.V., et al. Detection of the effects of dopamine receptor supersensitivity using pharmacological MRI and correlations with PET. Synapse. 36:2000;57-65.
65. Li S-J., et al. Cocaine administration decreases functional connectivity in human primary visual and motor cortex as detected by functional MRI. Magn. Reson. Med. 43:2000;45-51.
66. Hamann M., et al. Tonic and spillover inhibition of granule cells control information flow through cerebellar cortex. Neuron. 33:2002;625-633.