Putting Europe first

Survival

Volumn 43, Issue 1, 2001, Pages 71-92

  Daalder, Ivo H ^a   Goldgeier, James M ^a  

^a NONE

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EID: 0038670123     PISSN: 00396338     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/survival/43.1.71     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Quoted in Michael R. Gordon, 'Bush Would Stop U.S. Peacekeeping in Balkan Fights', New York Times, 21 October 2000, p. A1.
2. Stephen Fidler and Richard Wolffe, 'Bush Seeks to Reassure Nato', Financial Times, 1 November 2000, p. 4; and Michael R. Gordon, 'NATO Chief Says Bush Aide Reassured Him on Balkan Stance', New York Times, 1 November 2000, p. A11.
3. Stephen Fidler and Richard Wolffe, 'Bush Seeks to Reassure Nato', Financial Times, 1 November 2000, p. 4; and Michael R. Gordon, 'NATO Chief Says Bush Aide Reassured Him on Balkan Stance', New York Times, 1 November 2000, p. A11.
4. Gordon, 'Bush Would Stop U.S. Peacekeeping in Balkan Fights'; Condoleezza Rice, 'Time Nears for Homecoming', USA Today, 24 October 2000, p. 16A; statement by Colin Powell, in 'Remarks at Announcement of Powell's Nomination as Secretary of State', New York Times, 17 December 2000, p. 39; and 'Excerpts from Interview with President-Elect George W. Bush', New York Times, 14 January 2001, p. 28.
5. Gordon, 'Bush Would Stop U.S. Peacekeeping in Balkan Fights'; Condoleezza Rice, 'Time Nears for Homecoming', USA Today, 24 October 2000, p. 16A; statement by Colin Powell, in 'Remarks at Announcement of Powell's Nomination as Secretary of State', New York Times, 17 December 2000, p. 39; and 'Excerpts from Interview with President-Elect George W. Bush', New York Times, 14 January 2001, p. 28.
6. Gordon, 'Bush Would Stop U.S. Peacekeeping in Balkan Fights'; Condoleezza Rice, 'Time Nears for Homecoming', USA Today, 24 October 2000, p. 16A; statement by Colin Powell, in 'Remarks at Announcement of Powell's Nomination as Secretary of State', New York Times, 17 December 2000, p. 39; and 'Excerpts from Interview with President-Elect George W. Bush', New York Times, 14 January 2001, p. 28.
7. Gordon, 'Bush Would Stop U.S. Peacekeeping in Balkan Fights'; Condoleezza Rice, 'Time Nears for Homecoming', USA Today, 24 October 2000, p. 16A; statement by Colin Powell, in 'Remarks at Announcement of Powell's Nomination as Secretary of State', New York Times, 17 December 2000, p. 39; and 'Excerpts from Interview with President-Elect George W. Bush', New York Times, 14 January 2001, p. 28.
8. Condoleezza Rice, 'Promoting the National Interest', Foreign Affairs, vol. 77, no. 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000), p. 62. See also Bush's statement in '2nd Presidential Debate Between Gov. Bush and Vice President Gore', New York Times, 12 October 2000, p. A22.
9. Condoleezza Rice, 'Promoting the National Interest', Foreign Affairs, vol. 77, no. 1 (Jan./Feb. 2000), p. 62. See also Bush's statement in '2nd Presidential Debate Between Gov. Bush and Vice President Gore', New York Times, 12 October 2000, p. A22.
10. Cf. George W. Bush, 'A Distinctive American Internationalism', Speech at the Ronald W. Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, CA, 19 November 1999, available at http:// www.georgebush.com/News/ speeches/111999_intl.html (accessed December 2000); and Colin Powell's statement, in 'Remarks at Announcement of Powell's Nomination as Secretary of State'.
11. Cf. George W. Bush, 'A Distinctive American Internationalism', Speech at the Ronald W. Reagan Presidential Library, Simi Valley, CA, 19 November 1999, available at http:// www.georgebush.com/News/ speeches/111999_intl.html (accessed December 2000); and Colin Powell's statement, in 'Remarks at Announcement of Powell's Nomination as Secretary of State'.
12. See 'Washington Summit Communiqué', issued by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council, NAC S (99) 64, Washington, 24 April 1999, para. 7.
13. John Hall, 'Bush adviser urges limits to U.S. intervention', The Tampa Tribune, 8 September 1999, p. 7.
14. See Stephen Hadley, Defining the Path to a Peaceful, Undivided, and Democratic Europe, Special Report No. 60 (Washington DC: US Institute of Peace, June 2000, p. 4; and 'Republican Platform 2000: Renewing America's Purpose. Together', available at http://www.rnc.org/2000/ 2000platform8aaa.
15. See Stephen Hadley, Defining the Path to a Peaceful, Undivided, and Democratic Europe, Special Report No. 60 (Washington DC: US Institute of Peace, June 2000, p. 4; and 'Republican Platform 2000: Renewing America's Purpose. Together', available at http://www.rnc.org/2000/ 2000platform8aaa.
16. Cf. Madeleine K. Albright, 'The Right Balance Will Secure Nato's Future', Financial Times, 7 December 1998, p. 22; and William S. Cohen, 'Remarks at the Informal NATO Defense Ministerial Meeting' (Birmingham, UK: 10 October 2000).
17. Cf. Madeleine K. Albright, 'The Right Balance Will Secure Nato's Future', Financial Times, 7 December 1998, p. 22; and William S. Cohen, 'Remarks at the Informal NATO Defense Ministerial Meeting' (Birmingham, UK: 10 October 2000).
18. See 'Remarks by the President on National Missile Defense', Address at Georgetown University (The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 1 September 2000).
19. Rice, 'Promoting the National Interest', p. 59.
20. See François Heisbourg, 'Brussels' Burden', Washington Quarterly, vol. 223, no. 3 (Summer 2000), pp. 127-133; Steven Cambone, Ivo Daalder, Stephen Hadley, and Christopher Makins, European Views of National Missile Defense, Policy Paper (Washington DC: The Atlantic Council of the United States, September 2000), and Philip Gordon, 'Bush, Missile Defence and the Atlantic Alliance', Survival, vol. 43, no.1 (Spring 2001).
21. See François Heisbourg, 'Brussels' Burden', Washington Quarterly, vol. 223, no. 3 (Summer 2000), pp. 127-133; Steven Cambone, Ivo Daalder, Stephen Hadley, and Christopher Makins, European Views of National Missile Defense, Policy Paper (Washington DC: The Atlantic Council of the United States, September 2000), and Philip Gordon, 'Bush, Missile Defence and the Atlantic Alliance', Survival, vol. 43, no.1 (Spring 2001).
22. See François Heisbourg, 'Brussels' Burden', Washington Quarterly, vol. 223, no. 3 (Summer 2000), pp. 127-133; Steven Cambone, Ivo Daalder, Stephen Hadley, and Christopher Makins, European Views of National Missile Defense, Policy Paper (Washington DC: The Atlantic Council of the United States, September 2000), and Philip Gordon, 'Bush, Missile Defence and the Atlantic Alliance', Survival, vol. 43, no.1 (Spring 2001).
23. Senate Foreign Relations Committee Hearing on the Nomination of Colin Powell to be Secretary of State, 17 January 2001.
24. See, for example, the concerns expressed by Senator Jesse Helms in The Debate on NATO Enlargement, Hearings before the Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, 105 Cong. 1 sess. (Government Printing Office, 1998), pp. 18-19.
25. An Agenda for Renewal: US-Russian Relations, A Report of the Russian and Eurasian Program (Washington DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, December 2000), p. v.
26. See statements by George W. Bush, in 'New Leadership on National Security' (Washington DC: 23 May 2000), available at http:// www.bush2000.com; and 'Comments by Bush and Rumsfeld on Selection for the Secretary of Defense', New York Times, 29 December 2000, p. A16.
27. See statements by George W. Bush, in 'New Leadership on National Security' (Washington DC: 23 May 2000), available at http:// www.bush2000.com; and 'Comments by Bush and Rumsfeld on Selection for the Secretary of Defense', New York Times, 29 December 2000, p. A16.
28. See, respectively, 'Statement by the President Clinton' (The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 31 October 1995); and 'Remarks by President Bush to the Citizens in Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany' (31 May 1989), available at http:// bushlibrary.tamu.edu/papers/1989/ 89053104.html.
29. See, respectively, 'Statement by the President Clinton' (The White House, Office of the Press Secretary, 31 October 1995); and 'Remarks by President Bush to the Citizens in Mainz, Federal Republic of Germany' (31 May 1989), available at http:// bushlibrary.tamu.edu/papers/1989/ 89053104.html.
30. The intellectual edifice of the strategy was set forth by Clinton's first national security adviser, Anthony Lake, 'From Containment to Enlargement', Address at the School of Advanced International Studies, the Johns Hopkins University, 23 September 1993. See also, Hadley, Defining the Path to a Peaceful, Undivided, and Democratic Europe.
31. The intellectual edifice of the strategy was set forth by Clinton's first national security adviser, Anthony Lake, 'From Containment to Enlargement', Address at the School of Advanced International Studies, the Johns Hopkins University, 23 September 1993. See also, Hadley, Defining the Path to a Peaceful, Undivided, and Democratic Europe.
32. 'Statement on European Defense' (Saint-Malo, France: Franco-British Summit, 4 December 1998), para. 2.
33. Albright, 'The Right Balance Will Secure Nato's Future.'
34. Quoted in Alexander Nicoll, 'Cohen says European rapid reaction force must use Nato military planners', Financial Times, 7 December 2000, p. 2; and Senators Jesse Helms and Gordon Smith, 'European Defense Policy is Dangerous', Letter to the Editor, Daily Telegraph, 28 December 2000, p. 31.
35. Quoted in Alexander Nicoll, 'Cohen says European rapid reaction force must use Nato military planners', Financial Times, 7 December 2000, p. 2; and Senators Jesse Helms and Gordon Smith, 'European Defense Policy is Dangerous', Letter to the Editor, Daily Telegraph, 28 December 2000, p. 31.
36. Opposition to such efforts outside NATO were roundly condemned in the early 1990s by many of the same people that are now returning to government. For example, at the Rome NATO summit in November 1991, then-President George Bush had warned his NATO colleagues that if 'your ultimate aim is to provide individually for your own defense, the time to tell is today.' The principal concerns about European defense efforts were detailed in the infamous 'Bartholomew telegram' sent to NATO posts in February 1991. The telegram is reprinted as an annex in Willem van Eekelen, Debating European Security: 1948-1998 (The Hague: SDU Publishers, 1998), pp. 340-44.
37. Quoted in Martin Kettle, 'Bush Adviser Warns Europe to Spend More on Arms', The Guardian, 7 June 2000.
38. 'The Alliance's Strategic Concept.' approved by the Heads of State and Government participating in the meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Washington DC on 23-24 April 1999. para 6, available at http:// www.nato.int/docu/pr/1999/p99-065e.htm.
39. 'Washington Summit Communiqué', para. 7.
40. William Drozdiak, 'Nine Nations United in Bid to Join NATO', Washington Post, 20 May 2000, p. A16.
41. Ivo H. Daalder and James M. Goldgeier, 'Invite Slovenia to Join', Washington Times, 23 April 1999, p. A21.
42. Cf. Zbigniew Brzezinski, 'NATO: the Dilemmas of Expansion', The National Interest, Fall 1998, pp. 13-17.
43. For a flavour of these relationships, see Carol J. Williams, 'Putin, Schroeder Smooth Ties and Cement Deals', Los Angeles Times, 17 June 2000. pp. A1, 4; and Henry Meyer, 'British PM Blair to cement ties with Putin in Russia visit', Agence France Presse, 17 November 2000.
44. For a flavour of these relationships, see Carol J. Williams, 'Putin, Schroeder Smooth Ties and Cement Deals', Los Angeles Times, 17 June 2000. pp. A1, 4; and Henry Meyer, 'British PM Blair to cement ties with Putin in Russia visit', Agence France Presse, 17 November 2000.
45. See James M. Goldgeier, 'Keeping the Door Open', in Susan Eisenhower (ed.), NATO at Fifty: Perspectives on the Future of the Atlantic Alliance (Washington: Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 1999), pp. 98-99.
46. See Warren Christopher, In the Stream of History: Shaping Foreign Policy for a New Era (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1998), p. 230.
47. Cf. Ivo H. Daalder, Getting to Dayton: The Making of America's Bosnia Policy (Washington DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2000); and Ivo H. Daalder and Michael O'Hanlon, Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo (Washington DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2000).
48. Cf. Ivo H. Daalder, Getting to Dayton: The Making of America's Bosnia Policy (Washington DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2000); and Ivo H. Daalder and Michael O'Hanlon, Winning Ugly: NATO's War to Save Kosovo (Washington DC: The Brookings Institution Press, 2000).
49. Cf. Ivo Daalder, James Goldgeier, and James Lindsay, 'What Clinton Should Bring to Moscow', Vek (Moscow), 27 April 2000; Ivo Daalder and James Goldgeier, 'Russia and the ABM Treaty', in James Wirtz and Jeffrey Larsen (eds.), National Missile Defense and Strategic Stability: Consequences for the ABM Treaty (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, forthcoming); Ivo Daalder and Philip Gordon, 'There's Time Now for Serious Talking about Missile Defense', International Herald Tribune, 7 September 2000; and Ivo Daalder, Christopher Makins, and Steven Simon, 'A Cool Eye on US Missile Umbrella', Financial Times, 15 January 2001.
50. Cf. Ivo Daalder, James Goldgeier, and James Lindsay, 'What Clinton Should Bring to Moscow', Vek (Moscow), 27 April 2000; Ivo Daalder and James Goldgeier, 'Russia and the ABM Treaty', in James Wirtz and Jeffrey Larsen (eds.), National Missile Defense and Strategic Stability: Consequences for the ABM Treaty (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, forthcoming); Ivo Daalder and Philip Gordon, 'There's Time Now for Serious Talking about Missile Defense', International Herald Tribune, 7 September 2000; and Ivo Daalder, Christopher Makins, and Steven Simon, 'A Cool Eye on US Missile Umbrella', Financial Times, 15 January 2001.
51. Cf. Ivo Daalder, James Goldgeier, and James Lindsay, 'What Clinton Should Bring to Moscow', Vek (Moscow), 27 April 2000; Ivo Daalder and James Goldgeier, 'Russia and the ABM Treaty', in James Wirtz and Jeffrey Larsen (eds.), National Missile Defense and Strategic Stability: Consequences for the ABM Treaty (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, forthcoming); Ivo Daalder and Philip Gordon, 'There's Time Now for Serious Talking about Missile Defense', International Herald Tribune, 7 September 2000; and Ivo Daalder, Christopher Makins, and Steven Simon, 'A Cool Eye on US Missile Umbrella', Financial Times, 15 January 2001.
52. Cf. Ivo Daalder, James Goldgeier, and James Lindsay, 'What Clinton Should Bring to Moscow', Vek (Moscow), 27 April 2000; Ivo Daalder and James Goldgeier, 'Russia and the ABM Treaty', in James Wirtz and Jeffrey Larsen (eds.), National Missile Defense and Strategic Stability: Consequences for the ABM Treaty (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, forthcoming); Ivo Daalder and Philip Gordon, 'There's Time Now for Serious Talking about Missile Defense', International Herald Tribune, 7 September 2000; and Ivo Daalder, Christopher Makins, and Steven Simon, 'A Cool Eye on US Missile Umbrella', Financial Times, 15 January 2001.
53. See 'Russia Wants 'Serious Dialogue' With Bush Administration', Reuters, 30 December 2000, available at: http://news.excite.com/news/r/ 001230/04/international-russia-usa-dc; and Putin's statement of 13 November 2000, reprinted in Arms Control Today, vol. 30, no. 10 (November 2000).
54. See 'Russia Wants 'Serious Dialogue' With Bush Administration', Reuters, 30 December 2000, available at: http://news.excite.com/news/r/ 001230/04/international-russia-usa-dc; and Putin's statement of 13 November 2000, reprinted in Arms Control Today, vol. 30, no. 10 (November 2000).