Generations, legitimacy, and political ideas in China: The end of polarization or the end of ideology?

Asian Survey

Volumn 43, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 352-384

  Sausmikat, Nora ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF DUISBURG ESSEN   (Germany)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE; LEARNING; POLITICAL IDEOLOGY;

CHINA;

EID: 0038657973     PISSN: 00044687     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/as.2003.43.2.352     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Donatella Della Porta, "Life Histories in the Analysis of Social Movement Activists," in Mario Diani and Ron Eyermann, eds., Studying Social Movements (London: Sage, 1992), pp. 168-193.
2. Kathleen Blee, "Becoming a Racist: Women in Contemporary Ku Klux Klan and Neo-Nazi Groups," Gender and Society 10 (1996), pp. 680-702.
3. Roswitha Breckner et al., Biographies and the Division of Europe: Experience, Action and Change on the 'Eastern Side' (Opladen: Leske & Budrich, 2000).
4. Ingrid Miethe, Silke Roth, eds., Politische Biografien und sozialer Wandel [Political Biographies and Political Change] (Gießen: Psychosozial-Verlag, 2000).
5. Benjamin Schwartz, "The Limits of "Tradition Versus Modernity'" The Case of the Chinese Intellectuals," in Schwartz, China and Other Matters (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1972/ 1996, pp. 45-64), p. 55.
6. Michael Yahuda, "Political Generations in China," China Quarterly No. 80 (1979), pp. 793-805.
7. Zilin Dong in Jiang Wang, Jiehou Huihuang: Zai Monan Zhong Jueqi de Zhiqing, Laosanjie, Gongheguo de Sandairen [The Glory after Derailment: Emergence from the Suffering of the Zhiqing, Laosanjie, and the Third Generation of the People's Republic of China] (Beijing: Guangmin ribao chubanshe, 1995), pp. 172-181.
8. Werner Meissner, "New Intellectual Currents in the People's Republic of China," in David Teather and Herbert Yee, eds., China in Transition (London: Macmillan Press, 1999), pp. 3-24.
9. Baogang He, The Democratization of China (New York, London: Routledge, 1996).
10. Merle Goldman, Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
11. Karl Mannheim, "The Problem of Generations," in Karl Mannheim, Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge (London: Routledge, 1928/1952), pp. 276-322.
12. Heinz Bude, Deutsche Karrieren [German Careers] (Frankfurt a. M., Germany: Suhrkamp, 1987), p. 38.
13. Li Cheng, "Jiang Zemin's Successors: The Rise of the 'Fourth Generation of Leaders in the PRC'," China Quarterly No. 161 (March 2000), pp. 1-40.
14. William W. Whitson, The Chinese High Command: A History of Communist Politics, 1927-71 (London: Macmillan, 1973.
15. A. Doak Barnett, Cadres, Bureaucracy, and Political Power in Communist China (New York: Columbia University Press, 1967).
16. Yang Fan, Zhonghua Renmin Gongheguo de Disandai Ren (The Third Generation of the People's Republic of China) (Chengdu: Chengdu renmin chubanshe, 1991).
17. Frederick Teiwes, Leadership, Legitimacy, and Conflict in China: From a Charismatic Mao to Politics of Succession (Armonk, New York: Sharpe, 1984).
18. Baogang He, The Democratization of China (London & New York: Routledge, 1996), pp. 208-209.
19. David Beetham, The Legitimation of Power (Houndsmills: Macmillan, 1991).
20. Heike Holbig, Inflation als Herausforderung der Legitimation Politischer Herrschaft [Inflation as a Challenge to the Legitimacy of Political Rule] (Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 2001), pp. 47-59.
21. Christel Lane, "Legitimacy and Power in the Soviet Union through Socialist Ritual," British Journal of Political Science (1984), Vol. 14, pp. 207-217.
22. "About the Pseudo-communism of Khrushchev and the Historical Lessons for the World," in Words of Chairman Mao (Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1967), pp. 327-331.
23. Lynn T. White, "The Road to Urumqi: Approved Institutions in Search of Attainable Goals During Pre- 1968 Rustication from Shanghai," China Quarterly No. 79 (1979), p. 483.
24. Jonathan Unger, Education under Mao: Class and Competition in Canton Schools (New York: Columbia University Press, 1982), pp. 98 and 107-8.
25. Thomas Bernstein, Up to the Mountains, Down to the Villages: The Transfer of Youth from Urban to Rural China (New Haven & London: Yale University Press, 1977).
26. Thomas Scharping, Umsiedlungsprogramme für Chinas Jugend 1955-1980 [Resettlement of China's Youth, 1955-1981] (Hamburg: Institut für Asienkunde, 1981).
27. Stanley Rosen, The Role of the Sent-Down Youth in the Cultural Revolution: The Case of Guangzhou, China Research Monographs No. 19 (Berkeley, 1981).
28. Thomas B. Gold, "Back to the City: The Return of Shanghai's Educated Youth," China Quarterly No. 84 (1980), pp. 755-770.
29. Xiaomeng Liu et al., Zhishi Qingnian Shidian [Encyclopedia of Zhiqing] (Chengdu, China, 1995).
30. Xiaomeng Liu, Zhongguo Zhiqing Shi- Dachao 1966-1980 [The History of the Chinese Zhiqing-The Climax, 1966-1980], 2 (Beijing: Zhongguo shehui kexue chubanshe, 1998).
31. Nora Sausmikat, Kulturrevolution, Diskurs und Erinnerung [Cultural Revolution, Discourse, and Remembering] (New York & Frankfurt: Peter Lang, 2002).
32. Zhongguo Gongchandang Lishi Da Cidian [Dictionary of the History of the Communist Party of China] (Beijing: Zhonggong zhongyang dangxiao chuban, 1992), p. 396.
33. Nora Sausmikat, "Can Western Academics Penetrate the Scars of Chinese History? Western Zhiqing Research. Collection of Biographies from Female Zhiqing in China," China Studies 55 (Hong Kong, Fall 1996), pp. 111-124.
34. Nora Sausmikat, "Female Autobiographies from the Cultural Revolution: Returned Xiaxiang Educated Women in the 1990s," in Frank Pieke and Hein Mallee, eds., Internal and International Migration: Chinese Perspectives (Richmond, Surrey, U.K.: Curzon, 1998), pp. 297-314.
35. Kangkang Zhang, China News Digest (CND) Huaxia wenzai, June 30, 2000.
36. Li Shitao, ed., Zhongguo Zhishi Fenzi Lichang [Current Trends in Chinese Intellectual Thought], vol. 1-3 (Beijing: Shidai wenyi chubanshe, 2000).
37. Guobin Yang, "The Identity Transformation of the Red Guard Generation," unpublished dissertation, New York University, 2001.
38. Xu Youyu, Ziyou de Yanshuo [Talks on Freedom] (Changchun, China: Changchun chubanshe, 1999), pp. 30-58.
39. Anita Chan, "Dispelling Misconceptions of the Red Guard Movement," Journal of Contemporary China, 1:1 (1992), p. 70.
40. Michael Schoenhals, Doing Things with Words in Chinese Politics (Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, 1992), p. 60.
41. Richard Baum, "The Road to Tiananmen: Chinese Politics in the 1980s," in Roderick MacFarquhar, ed., The Politics of China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), p. 374.
42. "A Second Kind of Loyalty" (Di er zhong zhongcheng) was published in the journal "Opening" (Kaituo) in March 1985.
43. Helmut Martin and Ines-Susanne Schilling, "Stimmen der Opposition: Chinesische Intellektuelle der achtziger Jahre" [Voices of dissent: Chinese intellectuals in the 1980s], (Bochum: Projekt Verlag, 1995), p. 34.
44. Liu Xiaobo, "Zhongguo Dangdai Zhengzhi yu Zhongguo Zhishi Fenzi" [Current Chinese politics and the Chinese intellectuals] (Taipei, 1990).
45. Guantao Jin and Fong-Ching Chen, From Youthful Manuscripts to 'River Elegy' (Hong Kong: Chinese University Press, 1997), p. 3.
46. Merle Goldman, Sowing the Seeds of Democracy in China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 359.
47. Yadong Liu and James D. Seymour, "Bao Tong and the End of Glanost," Chinese Law and Government 31:3 (May/June 1998), pp. 42-43.
48. Xiaofeng Liu, "Guanyu Wusi Yidai yu Siwu Yidai de Shehuixue Sikao Zaji" [Some sociological thoughts on the April Fifth generation and May Fourth generation] Dushu No. 5 (1989), pp. 35-43.
49. Zheng Yi, in Laifong Leung, Morning Sun: Interviews with Chinese Writers of the Lost Generation (New York: M. E. Sharpe, 1994), pp. 259-269.
50. Shimin Ren, "Guanyu Qinghua Fuzhong de Hongweibing Xiaozu: yu Zhong Weiguang Xiansheng Lüetan Wenge Shishi" [On the Red Guards of the Qinghua Middle School: Discussing some historical facts with Zhong Weiguang] Zhenyan [Opinion and Truth] No. 42 (Bonn, 1996), pp. 3-4.
51. Weiguang Zhong, "Weidao Zhang Zhengzhi: Shundao de Wang Shuo" [Zhang Chengzhi, somebody who defends traditional moral conceptions; the direct way of Wang Shuo] Zhenyan [Opinion and truth] (Bonn 1996), No. 41, pp. 1-2.
52. Zhong Weiguang, "Hongweibing: dangdai jiquanzhuyi zhengzhi wenhua de chanwu" [The Red Guards: A product of the political culture of totalitarianism] Zhenyan [Opinion and truth] (Bonn 1996), No. 44, pp. 7-8.
53. Anita Chan, "Dispelling Misconceptions about the Red Guard Movement: The Necessity to Re-examine Cultural Revolution Factionalism and Periodization," Journal of Contemporary China 1:1 (Denver, Colo., USA, 1992), pp. 61-85.
54. Zhang Chengzhi in Leung, Morning Sun, pp. 217-28.
55. Harry Harding, "The Chinese State in Crisis, 1966-69," in MacFarquhar, The Politics of China, pp. 177-78.
56. Zhang Chengzhi, "Beifang zhi Lu" [The path of the north], in Zhang Chengzhi, Zhang Chengzhi Daibiaozuo [Representative Works of Zhang Chengzhi] (Henan Province, China: Henan renmin chubanshe, 1988), p. 244.
57. Michael Schoenhals, Doing Things with Words, pp. 60-61.
58. Zhijing Mou, "Cong Zhishizhe de Liangxin Chufa" [Start from the conscientiousness of the initiated], Center for Cultural Revolution Studies. Oral History, , p. 10. [Accessed April 1997].
59. Yi Zheng, "Mao Zedong de Wenge he Renmin de Wenge" [The Cultural Revolution of Mao Zedong and the Cultural Revolution of the People], Jiushi Niandai [The Nineties] No. 8 (Hong Kong (1992), pp. 94-98.
60. Nora Sausmikat, "Demokratisierungsdiskurse unter Intellektuellen in der VR China 2000," In Project Discussion Paper No. 11, Duisburg University, 2001.
61. Zhiyuan Cui, "Introduction to Tang Tsou's Interpreting the Revolution in China," Modern China 26:2 (Newbury Park, 2000), p. 201.
62. Junning Liu, "Ziyouzhuyi yu Gongzheng: Dui Ruogan Jienan de Huida" [Liberalism and justice: A reaction on certain interrogations]. Sixiang de Jingjie [Mirror of Thought], No. 4 (2000), pp. 1-21.
63. Shaoguang Wang, '"New Trend of Thought' on the Cultural Revolution," Journal of Contemporary China (July 1999), p. 197.
64. Gongqin Xiao, "Gongchang Zaofanpai de Liangzhong Leixing [Two kinds of rebels in the factories]. China News Digest. Ziyou Luntan [Free Discussion], August 8, 2000.
65. Gongqin Xiao, "Preface to Xiao Gongqin Ji," Chinese Law and Government 30:6 (December 1997-98), p. 53.
66. Xiao Gongqin, "History Rejects Romanticism: The Emergence of the Second Trend of Thought Reform in China," Chinese Law and Government (1999), p. 84.
67. Gongqin Xiao, "Marginalization of Liberals and Conservatives and its Impact on Chinese Politics," Carnegie Endowment (Washington, D.C.), May 14, 2002.
68. Dalu Zazhi [Mainland China Magazine] 3:4, Taipei (April 1996).
69. He Baogang in Andrew J. Nathan, Chinese Democracy (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1986), p. 43.
70. Fang in Orville Schell, "China's Andrei Sakharov," Atlantic Monthly (1988), p. 43.
71. Hui Wang, "The Historical Roots of the Social Movement of 1989 and the 'New Liberalism," Zhongguo Xiandai Wenxue [Contemporary Literature in China], No. 19, Beijing (December 2000), pp. 451-501.
72. Youyu Xu, "Ziyou de Yanshuo"; Xiadong Wang, "Zhongguo de Minzuzhuyi he Zhongguo de Weilai" [China's future and Chinese nationalism], Ming Pao newspaper (Hong Kong), 1996, pp. 1-15.
73. Xueqin Zhu, "Xin Zuopai yu Ziyouzhuyi zhi Zheng" [The argument between the new left and the liberals]," Sixiang de Jingjie [Mirror of Thought]. Internet forum 2000 .
74. Yali Peng, "Democracy and Chinese Political Discourse," China Quarterly (October 1998), pp. 408-444.
75. Youyu Xu, "Ziyouzhuyi, Falankefu Xuepai ji Qita" [Liberalism, the Frankfurt school, and others], in Zhishi Fenzi Lichang [Current Trends in Chinese Intellectual Thought] (Beijing, 2000), pp. 413-431.
76. Stanley Rosen, "Guest Editor's Introduction," Chinese Law and Government (special edition: Nationalism and Neoconservatism in China) 30:6 (1997-1998), pp. 3-7.
77. Merle Goldman, "Politically Engaged Intellectuals in the 1990's," China Quarterly No. 159 (1999), pp. 700-711.
78. Geremie Barmé, "To Screw Foreigners Is Patriotic: China's Avant-Garde Nationalists," China Journal 34 (Canberra) (July 1995), pp. 209-38, pp. 4-5.
79. Mobo Gao, "China in Transition: Issues and Debates," Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars 32:3 (2000), pp. 53-57.
80. Lixiong Wang, "Zhiceng Dixuanzhi yu Minzhu Zhi: Jiejue Xizang Wenti de Fangfa Bijiao" [Indirect representation system versus democratic system: Relative advantages for resolving the problem of Tibet]," Zhongguo Shehui Kexue Yuekan [China Social Sciences Monthly], Beijing (December 2000), pp. 1-14.
81. Bao Mi (pseudonym for Lixiong Wang), Yellow Peril (Toronto: Mirror Books, 1991).
82. Baogang He, The Democratization of China (New York & London, 1996), p. 17.
83. Weidong Cao, Shijie Zhongguo, May 5, 2001.
84. Zhu Rongji in Die Welt [The World], Germany, March 16, 2001.
85. Gongqin Xiao, "Marginalization of Liberals and Conservatives," May 14, 2002.