Increasing children's school time physical activity using structured fitness breaks

Pediatric Exercise Science

Volumn 15, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 156-169

  Scruggs, Philip W ^a   Beveridge, Sandy K ^b   Watson, Doris L ^b  

^a MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF UTAH   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; ARTICLE; BODY MASS; CONTROLLED STUDY; FEMALE; FITNESS; HEART RATE; HUMAN; LOCOMOTION; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PHYSICAL ACTIVITY; PHYSICAL EDUCATION; SCHOOL; SCHOOL CHILD; TELEMETRY;

EID: 0038624081     PISSN: 08998493     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1123/pes.15.2.156     Document Type: Article

References (46)

1. Baranowski, T., J. Mendlein, K. Resnicow, E. Frank, K.W. Cullen, and J. Baranowski. Physical activity and nutrition in children and youth: An overview of obesity prevention. Prevent. Med. 31:S1-S10, 2000.
2. Blair, S.N., D.G. Clark, K.J. Cureton, and K.E. Powell. Exercise and fitness in childhood: Implications for a lifetime of health. In Perspectives in exercise science and sports medicine: Volume 2. Youth Exercise and Sport, C.V. Gisolfi and D.V. Lamb (Eds.). Indianapolis, IN: Benchmark Press, 1989, pp. 401-430.
3. Burgeson, C.R., H. Wechsler, N.D. Brener, J.C. Young, and C.G. Spain. Physical Education and activity: Results from the school health policies and programs study 2000. J. Sch. Health 71:279-293, 2001.
4. Centers for Disease Control. Guidelines for school and community programs to promote lifelong physical activity among young people. MMWR 46(RR-6):1-36, 1997.
5. Chodzko-Zajko, W. Successful aging in the new millennium: The role of regular physical activity. Quest 52:333-343, 2000.
6. Corbin, C.B., R.P. Pangrazi, and G.J. Welk. Toward an understanding of appropriate physical activity levels for youth. Phys. Act. Fitn. Res. Dig. 1(8):1-8, 1994.
7. Council for Physical Education for Children. Physical activity guidelinesfor children: A statement of guidelines. Reston, VA, 1998.
8. Eston, R.G., A.V. Rowlands, and D.K. Ingledew. Validity of heart rate, pedometry, and accelerometry for predicting the energy cost of children's activities. J. Appl. Physiol. 84:362-371, 1998.
9. Ernst, M.P., and R.P. Pangrazi. Effects of a physical activity program on children's activity levels and attraction to physical activity. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 11:393-405, 1999.
10. Evans, J. Children's attitudes to recess and the changes taking place in Australian primary schools. Res. Educ. 56:49-61, 1996.
11. Gabbard, C. Enhance your elementary program with a fitness break. JOPERD 63: 11-12, 1992.
12. Gill, D.L. Gender differences in competitive orientation and sport participation. Int. J. Sport Psych. 19:145-159, 1988.
13. Gill, D.L., Gross, J.B., and Huddleston, S. Participation motivation in youth sports. Int. J. Sport Psych. 14:1-14, 1983.
14. Kraft, R.E. Children at play: Behavior of children at recess. JOPERD 60(4):21-24, 1989.
15. Kohl, H.W., and Hobbs, K.E. Development of physical activity behaviors among children and adolescents. Pediatrics 101:549-554, 1998.
16. Kohl, H.W., Fulton, J.E., and Caspersen, C.J. Assessment of physical activity among children and adolescents: A review and synthesis. Prevent. Med. 31: S54-S76, 2000.
17. Logan, N., J.J. Reilly, S. Grant, and J.Y. Paton. Resting heart rate definition and its effect on apparent levels of physical activity in young children. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 32:162-166, 2000.
18. McGinnis, J.M., L. Kanner, and C. DeGraw. Physical education's role in achieving national health objectives. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 62, 138-142, 1991.
19. McKenzie, T. L., J.E. Alcaraz, and J.E Sallis. Assessing children's liking for activity units in an elementary school physical education curriculum. J. Teach. Phys. Educ. 13:206-215, 1994.
20. McKenzie, T.L., H. Feldman, S.E. Woods, K.A. Romero, V. Dahlstrom, E.J. Stone, P.K. Strikmiller, J.M. Williston, and D.W. Harsha. Children's activity levels and lesson context during third-grade physical education. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport. 66:184-193, 1995.
21. McKenzie, T.L., P.R. Nader, P.K. Strikmiller, M. Yang, E.J. Stone, C.L. Perry, W.C. Taylor, J.N. Epping, H.A. Feldman, R.V. Luepker, and S.H. Kelder. School physical education: Effect of the child and adolescent trial for cardiovascular health. Prevent. Med. 25:423-431, 1996.
22. McKenzie, T.L., J.F. Sallis, J.P. Elder, C.C. Berry, P.L. Hoy, P.R. Nader, M.M. Zive, and S.L. Broyles. Physical activity levels and prompts in young children at recess: A two-year study of a bi-ethnic sample. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 68:195-202, 1997.
23. Myers, L., P.K. Strikmiller, L.S. Webber, and G.S. Berenson. Physical and sedentary activity in school children grades 5-8: The Bogalusa heart study. Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. 28:852-859, 1996.
24. Parcel, G.S., B.G. Simons-Morton, N.M. O'Hara, T. Baranowski, L.J. Kolbe, and D.E. Bee. School promotion of healthful diet and exercise behavior: An integration of organizational change and social learning theory interventions. J. Sch. Health. 57:150-156, 1987.
25. Pellegrini, A.D., and D.F Bjorklund. The role of recess in children's cognitive performance. Educ. Psychol. 32:35-40, 1997.
26. Pellegrini, A.D., and P.D. Davis. Relations between children's playground and classroom behavior. Brit. J. Educ. Psych. 63:88-95, 1993.
27. Pellegrini, A.D., P.D. Huberty, and I. Jones. The effects of recess timing on children's playground and classroom behaviors. Amer. Educ. Res. J. 32:845-864, 1995.
28. Pellegrini, A.D., and P.K. Smith. School recess: Implications for education and development. Review Educ. Res. 63:51-67, 1993.
29. Riddoch, C.J., and C.A. Boreham. The health-related physical activity of children. Sports Med. 19:86-102, 1995.
30. Rosner, B., R. Prineas, J. Loggie, and S.R. Daniels. Percentiles for body mass index in U.S. children 5 to 17 years of age. J. Pediatr. 132:211-222, 1998.
31. Rowland, T.W. Is there a scientific rationale supporting the value of exercise for the present and future cardiovascular health of children? The con argument. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 8:303-309, 1996.
32. Rowlands, A.V., R.G. Eston, and D.K. Ingledew. Measurement of physical activity in children with particular reference to the use of heart rate and pedometry. Sports Med. 24:258-272, 1997.
33. Sallis, J.E and T.L. McKenzie. Physical educator's role in public health. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport. 62:124-137, 1991.
34. Sallis, J.F., B.G. Simons-Morton, E.J. Stone, C.B. Corbin, L.H. Epstein, N. Faucette, R.J. Iannotti, J.D. Killen, R.C. Klesges, C.K. Petray, T.W. Rowland, and W.C. Taylor. Determinants of physical activity and interventions in youth. Med. Sci. Exerc. Sport. 24:S248-S257, 1992.
35. Sarkin, J.A., T.L. McKenzie, and J.F. Sallis. Gender differences in physical activity during fifth-grade physical education and recess periods. J. Teach. Phys. Educ. 17:99-106, 1997.
36. Simons-Morton, B.G., W.C. Taylor, S.A. Snider, and I.W. Huang. The physical activity of fifth-grade students during physical education class. Amer. J. Pub. Health. 83:262-264, 1993.
37. Simons-Morton, B.G., W.C. Taylor, S.A. Snider, I.W. Huang, and J.E. Fulton. Observed levels of elementary and middle school children's physical activity during physical education classes. Prevent. Med. 23:437-441, 1994.
38. Sleap, M., and P. Warburton. Physical activity levels of 5-11 year-old children in England as determined by continuous observation. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport 63: 238-245, 1992.
39. Stratton, G. Children's heart rates during physical education lessons: A review. Pediatr. Exerc. Sci. 8:215-233, 1996.
40. Trost, S.G., R.R. Pate, M. Dowda, R. Saunders, D.S. Ward, and G. Felton. Gender differences in physical activity and determinants of physical activity in rural fifth grade children. J. Sch. Health 66:145-150, 1996.
41. United States Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy people 2000: National health promotion and disease prevention objectives. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1991.
42. United States Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity and health: A report of the Surgeon General. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1996.
43. United States Department of Health and Human Services and United States Department of Education. Promoting better health for young people through physical activity and sports: A report to the President from the Secretary of Health and Human Services and the Secretary of Education. Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 2000.
44. Van der mars, H., B. Vogler, P. Darst, and B. Cusimano. Students' physical activity levels and teachers' active supervision during fitness instruction. J. Teach. Phys. Educ. 18:57-75, 1998.
45. Welk, G.J., C.B. Corbin, and D. Dale. Measurement issues in the assessment of physical activity in children. Res. Q. Exerc. Sport. 71:59-73, 2000.
46. Weinberg, R., G. Tenenbaum, A. McKenzie, S. Jackson, M. Anshel, R. Grove, and G. Fogarty. Motivation for youth participation in sport and physical activity: Relationships to culture, self-reported activity levels, and gender. Int. J. Sport Psych. 31:321-346, 2000.