Preventing fractures in elderly people

British Medical Journal

Volumn 327, Issue 7406, 2003, Pages 89-95

  Woolf, Anthony D ^a   Åkesson, Kristina ^b  

^a ROYAL CORNWALL HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b LUND UNIVERSITY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALENDRONIC ACID; BISPHOSPHONIC ACID DERIVATIVE; CALCITONIN; CALCIUM; ESTROGEN; ETIDRONIC ACID; IBANDRONIC ACID; PARATHYROID HORMONE; RALOXIFENE; RISEDRONIC ACID; SALCATONIN; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR; VITAMIN D; ZOLEDRONIC ACID;

ACCIDENT PREVENTION; AGED; BONE DEMINERALIZATION; BONE DENSITY; BONE FRAGILITY; BONE STRENGTH; BREAST CARCINOMA; CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE; CLINICAL TRIAL; ELDERLY CARE; FALLING; FRACTURE; GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASE; HEALTH CARE COST; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; LIFESTYLE; MORBIDITY; MORTALITY; OSTEOLYSIS; OSTEOPOROSIS; PATIENT EDUCATION; POPULATION RESEARCH; PRIORITY JOURNAL; QUALITY OF LIFE; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; SIDE EFFECT; UNITED KINGDOM;

EID: 0038574636     PISSN: 09598146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.327.7406.89     Document Type: Review

References (48)

1. Royal College of Physicians. Osteoporosis: clinical guidelines for prevention and treatment. London: RCP, 1999.
2. Royal College of Physicians. Osteoporosis: clinical guidelines for prevention and treatment. Update on pharmacological interventions and an algorithm for management. London: RCP, 2000.
3. National Osteoporosis Society. Primary care strategy for osteoporosis and falls. Bath: National Osteoporosis Society, 2002.
4. Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation www.agreecollaboration.org/ (accessed 1 June 2003).
5. Jordan KM, Cooper C. Epidemiology of osteoporosis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2002;16:795-806.
6. Rogmark C, Sernbo I, Johnell O, Nilsson JA. Incidence of hip fractures in Malmo, Sweden, 1992-1995. A trend-break. Acta Orthop Scand 1999;70:19-22.
7. Youm T, Koval KJ, Kummer FJ, Zuckerman JD. Do all hip fractures result from a fall? Am J Orthop 1999;28:190-4.
8. Blake AJ, Morgan K, Bendall MJ, Dallosso H, Ebrahim SB, Arie TH, et al. Falls by elderly people at home: prevalence and associated factors. Age Ageing 1988;17:365-72.
9. Cummings SR, Nevitt MC. Falls. N Engl J Med 1994;331:872-3.
10. Marshall D, Johnell O, Wedel H. Meta-analysis of how well measures of bone mineral density predict occurrence of osteoporotic fractures. BMJ 1996;312:1254-9.
11. Jonsson B, Kanis J, Dawson A, Oden A, Johnell O. Effect and offset of effect of treatments for hip fracture on health outcomes. Osteoporos Int 1999;10:193-9.
12. Van Staa TP, Dennison EM, Leufkens HG, Cooper C. Epidemiology of fractures in England and Wales. Bone 2001;29:517-22.
13. Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, De Laet C, Jonsson B, Dawson A. Ten-year risk of osteoporotic fracture and the effect of risk factors on screening strategies. Bone 2002;30:251-8.
14. Clowes JA, Eastoll R. The role of bone turnover markers and risk factors in the assessment of ostooporosis and fracture risk. Baillieres Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;14:213-32.
15. Gluer CC, Hans D. How to use ultrasound for risk assessment: a need for defining strategies. Osteoporos Int 1999;9:193-5
16. Cummings SR, Nevitt MC, Browner WS, Stone K, Fox KM, Ensrud KE, et al. Risk factors for hip fracture in white women. Study of Osteoporotic Fractures Research Group. N Engl J Med 1995;332:767-73.
17. Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F, Brun J, Crouzet B, Arnaud S, et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in the elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992;327:1637-42.
18. Trivedi DP, Doll R, Khaw KT. Effect of four monthly oral vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol) supplementation on fractures and mortality in men and women living in the community: randomised double blind controlled trial. BMJ 2003;326:469.
19. Bischoff HA, Stahelin HB, Dick W, Akos R, Knecht M, Salis C, et al. Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on falls: a randomized controlled trial. J Bone Miner Res 2003;18:343-51.
20. Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, Cauley JA, Thompson DE, Nevitt MC, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 1996;348:1535-41.
21. Cummings SR, Black DM, Thompson DE, Applegate WB, Barrett-Connor E, Musliner TA, et al. Effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with low bone density but without vertebral fractures: results from the Fracture Intervention Trial. JAMA 1998;280:2077-82.
22. Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, McKeever CD, Hangartner T, Keller M, et al. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA 1999;282:1344-52.
23. Reginster JY, Minne HW, Sorensen OH, Hooper M, Roux C, Brandi ML, et al. Randomised trial of the effects of risedronate on vertical fractures in women with established postmenopausal osteoporosis. Osteoporos Int 2000;11:83-91.
24. McClung MR, Geusens P, Miller PD, Zippel H, Bensen WG, Roux C, et al. Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group. N Engl J Med 2001;344:333-40.
25. Schnitzer T, Bone HG, Crepaldi G, Adami S, McClung M, Kiel D, et al. Therapeutic equivalence of alendronate 70 mg once-weekly and alendronate 10 mg daily in the treatment of osteoporosis. Alendronate Once-Weekly Study Group. Aging (Milano) 2000;12:1-12.
26. Brown JP, Kendler DL, McClung MR, Emkey RD, Adachi JD, Bolognese MA, et al. The efficacy and tolerability of risedronate once a week for the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Calcif Tissue Int. Calcif Tissue Int 2002;71:103-11.
27. Storm T, Thamsborg G, Steiniche T, Genant HK, Sorensen OH. Effect of intermittent cyclical etidronate therapy on bone mass and fracture rate in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990;322: 1265-71.
28. Watts NB, Harris ST, Genant HK, Wasnich RD, Miller PD, Jackson RD, et al. Intermittent cyclical etidronate treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. N Engl J Med 1990;323:73-9.
29. Ettinger B, Black DM, Mitlak BH, Knickerbocker RK, Nickelsen T, Genant HK, et al. Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators. JAMA 1999;282:637-45.
30. Cauley JA, Norton L, Lippman ME, Eckert S, Krueger KA. Purdie DW, et al. Continued breast cancer risk reduction in postmenopausal women treated with raloxifene: 4-year results from the MORE trial. Multiple outcomes of raloxifene evaluation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2001;65:125-34.
31. Rossouw JE, Anderson GL, Prentice RL, LaCroix AZ, Kooperberg C, Stefanick ML, et al. Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results from the Women's Health Initiative randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2002;288:321-33.
32. Chesnut CH III, Silverman S, Andriano K, Genant H, Gimona A, Harris S, et al. A randomized trial of nasal spray salmon calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis: the prevent recurrence of osteoporotic fractures study. PROOF Study Group. Am J Med 2000;109:267-76.
33. Neer RM, Arnaud CD, Zanchetta JR, Prince R, Gaich GA, Reginster JY, et al. Effect of parathyroid hormone (1-34) on fractures and bone mineral density in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis 1. N Engl J Med 2001;344:1434-41.
34. Department of Health. National service framework for older people. London: DoH, 2001.
35. Guideline for the prevention of falls in older persons. American Geriatrics Society, British Geriatrics Society, and American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons Panel on Falls Prevention. J Am Geriatr Soc 2001;49:664-72.
36. Gillespie LD, Gillespie WJ, Robertson MC, Lamb SE, Cumming RG, Rowe BH. Interventions for preventing falls in elderly people (Cochrane Review). Cochrane Database Sys Rev 2001;3:CD000340.
37. Close J, Ellis M, Hooper R, Glucksman E, Jackson S, Swift C. Prevention of falls in the elderly trial (PROFET): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet 1999;353:93-7.
38. Feder G, Cryer C, Donovan S, Carter Y. Guidelines for the prevention of falls in people over 65. The Guidelines' Development Group. BMJ 2000;321:1007-11.
39. Robertson MC, Campbell AJ, Gardner MM, Devlin N. Preventing injuries in older people by preventing falls: a meta-analysis of individual-level data. J Am Geriatr Soc 2002;50:905-11.
40. Parker MJ, Gillespie LD, Gillespie WJ. Hip protectors for preventing hip fractures in the elderly. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(2):CD001255.
41. Wallace BA, Cumming RG. Systematic review of randomized trials of the effect of exercise on bone mass in pre- and postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 2000;67:10-8.
42. Akesson K, Vergnaud P, Gineyts E, Delmas PD, Obrant KJ. Impairment of bone turnover in elderly women with hip fracture. Calcif Tissue Int 1993;53:162-9.
43. Rizzoli R, Ammann P, Chevalley T, Bonjour JP. Protein intake and bone disorders in the elderly. Joint Bone Spine 2001;68:383-92.
44. Gerdhem P, Obrant KJ. Effects of cigarette-smoking on bone mass as assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and ultrasound. Osteoporos Int 2002;12:932-6.
45. Report on osteoporosis in the European Community: action for prevention. Luxembourg: European Communities, 1998.
46. Espallargues M, Sampietro-Colom L, Estrada MD, Sola M, del Rio L, Setoain J, et al. Identifying bone-mass-related risk factors for fracture to guide bone densitometry measurements: a systematic review of the literature. Osteoporos Int 2001;12:811-22.
47. Kanis JA. Diagnosis of osteoporosis and assessment of fracture risk. Lancet 2002;359:1929-36.
48. Doherty M, Dacre J, Dieppe P, Snaith M. The 'GALS' locomotor screen. Ann Rheum Dis 1992;51:1165-9.