Neuropsychological and scintigraphic aspects of frontotemporal dementia preceding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis;Aspects neuropsychologiques et scintigraphiques des démences fronto-temporales précédant l'atteinte du motoneurone

Revue Neurologique

Volumn 159, Issue 5 I, 2003, Pages 529-542

  Vercelletto, M ^a   Belliard, S ^b   Wiertlewski, S ^a   Venisse, T ^a   Magne, C ^a   Duyckaerts, C ^c   Damier, P ^a  

^a CHU de Nantes   (France)

^b PONTCHAILLOU UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (France)

^c PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADULT; AGED; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; APHASIA; ARTICLE; BRAIN ATROPHY; CLINICAL ARTICLE; DISEASE DURATION; FEMALE; FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA; HUMAN; HYPOGLOSSAL NUCLEUS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MEMORY DISORDER; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NEUROPSYCHOLOGY; SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTER TOMOGRAPHY; SPINAL CORD VENTRAL HORN;

AGED; AMYOTROPHIC LATERAL SCLEROSIS; APHASIA; ATROPHY; DEMENTIA; DENTATE GYRUS; DIAGNOSIS, DIFFERENTIAL; FEMALE; FRONTAL LOBE; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMANS; HYPOGLOSSAL NERVE; MALE; MEMORY DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED; NEURONS; NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL TESTS; SEMANTICS; TEMPORAL LOBE; TOMOGRAPHY, EMISSION-COMPUTED, SINGLE-PHOTON; TOMOGRAPHY, X-RAY COMPUTED;

EID: 0038544428     PISSN: 00353787     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. ABE K, FUJIMURA H, TOYOOKA K, HAZAMA T, HIRONO N, YORIFUJI S, YANAGIHIRA T. (1993). Single photon emission computed tomography investigations of patients with motor neuron disease. Neurology, 43: 1569-1573.
2. BAK TH, HODGES JR. (1999). Cognitive language and behaviour in motor neurone disease; evidence of fronto-temporal dysfunction. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 10: 29-32.
3. BAK TH, O'Donovan DG, XUEREB JH, BONIFACE S, HODGES JR. (2001). Selective impairment of verb processing associated with pathological changes in Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in the motor neurone disease-dementia-aphasia syndrome. Brain, 124: 103-120.
4. BAK TH, HODGES JR. (2001). Motor neuron disease, dementia and aphasia: co-incidence, co-occurrence or continuum. J Neurol, 248: 260-270.
5. BONDUELLE M, BOUYGUES P, ESCOUROLLE R, LORMEAU G. (1968). Évolution simultanée d'une sclérose latérale amyotrophique, d'un syndrome parkinsonien et d'une démence progressive. A propos de deux observations anatomo-cliniques. Essai d'interprétation. J Neurol Sci, 6: 315-332.
6. BOUDOURESQUES J, TOGA M, ROGER J, KHALIL R, VIGOUROUX A, PELLET W, HASSOUN J. (1967). État démentiel, sclérose latérale amyotrophique, syndrome extrapyramidal. Étude anatomique. Discussion nosologique. Rev Neurol (Paris), 116: 693-704.
7. BRION S, PSIMARAS A, CHEVALIER JF, PLAS J, MASSE G, JATTEAU O. (1980). L'association maladie de Pick et sclérose latérale amyotrophique. Étude d'un cas anatomoclinique. L'Encéphale, 6: 259-286.
8. BRUN A, ENGLUND B, GUSTAFSON L, et al. (1994). Clinical and neuropathological criteria for fronto temporal dementia. The Lund and Manchester Groups. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 57: 416-418.
9. BROOKS BR. (1994). World federation of neurology research group on neuromuscular disorders. (1994). El Escorial world federation of neurology criteria for the diagnosis of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci, 124: 96-107.
10. CAPPA SF, BINETTI G, PEZZINI A, PADOUANI A, ROZZINI L, TMA BUCCHI M. (1998). Object and action naming in Alzheimer's disease and fronto-temporal dementia. Neurology, 50: 351-354.
11. CASELLI RJ, WINDEBANK AJ, PETERSEN RC, et al. (1993). Rapidly progressive aphasic dementia and motor neuron disease. Ann Neurol, 33: 200-207.
12. CASTAIGNE P, LHERMITTE F, CAMBIER J, ESCOUROLLE R, LE BIGOT P. (1972). Étude neuropathologique de 61 observations de scléroses latérale amyotrophique. Rev Neurol (Paris), 127: 401-414.
13. CAVALLERI F, DE RENZI E. (1994). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. Acta Neurol Scand, 89: 391-394.
14. CHANG L, CORNFORD M, MILLER BL, ITABASHI H, MENA I. (1995). Neuronal ultrastructural abnormalities in a patient with frontotemporal dementia and motor neuron disease. Dementia, 6: 1-8.
15. CONSTANDINIS J. (1987). Syndrome familial: association de maladie de Pick et sclérose latérale amyotrophique familiale. L'Encéphale, 13: 285-293.
16. DE BRITO-MARQUES PR, DE MELLO RV. (1999). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia, case report. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 57: 277-283.
17. DELAY J, BRION S, ESCOUROLLE R, MARTY R. (1959). Sclérose latérale amyotrophique et démence (à propos de 2 cas anatomocliniques). Rev Neurol (Paris), 100: 191-204.
18. DE MORSIER G. (1967). Un cas de maladie de Pick avec sclérose latérale amyotrophique terminale. Contribution à la sémiologie temporale. Rev Neurol (Paris), 116: 373-382.
19. DEYMER F, SMITH TW, DE GIMOLARI U, DIACHMAN DA. (1989). Thalamic dementia and motor neuron disease. Neurology, 39: 58-61.
20. DORAN M, XUEREB J, HODGES JR. (1995). Rapidly progressive aphasie with bulbar motor neurone disease: a clinical and neuropsychological study. Behav Neurol, 8: 169-180.
21. DUBOIS B, SLACHEVSKY A, LITVAN I, PILLON B. (2001). The FAB a frontal assessment battery at beside. Neurology, 55: 1621-1626.
22. FERRER I, ROIG G, ESPINO A, PEIRO G, MATIAS GUIUX. (1991). Dementia of frontal lobe and motor neuron disease. A golgi of the frontal cortex. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 54: 932-934.
23. GALASSI R, MONTAGNA P, MORREALE A, LORUSSO S, TINUPER P, DAIDONE R, LUGARESI E. (1989). Neuropsychological, EEG and Brain computed tomography findings in motor neuron disease. Eur Neurol, 29: 115-120.
24. GARRAUX G, SALMON E, DEGUELDRE C, LEMAIRE C, FRANCK G. (1999). Medial temporal lobe metabolic impairment in dementia associated with motor neuron disease. J Neurol Sci, 168: 145-150.
25. GENTILESCHI VV, MUGGIA S, POLONI M, SPINNLER H. (1999). Fronto temporal dementia and motor neuron disease a neuropsychological study. Acta Neurol Scand, 100: 341-349.
26. GROSSMANN M, PAYER F, BNISHI BA, D'ESPOSITO M, MORRISON DD, SADEK A, ALAVI A. (1998). Language comprehension and regional cerebral defects in frontotemporal degeneration and Alzheimer's disease. Neurology, 50: 157-163.
27. GUNNARSSON LG, DAHLBOM K, STRANDMAN E. (1991). Motor neuron disease and dementia reported among 13 members of a single family. Acta Neurol Scand. 84: 429-433.
28. GUSTAFSON L. (1987). Frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type I. Clinical picture and differential diagnosis. Arch Gerontol Geriatr, 6: 209-223.
29. GUSTAFSON L. (1993). Clinical picture of frontal lobe degeneration of non-Alzheimer type. Dementia, 4: 143-148.
30. HAMADA K, FURAZAKA T, YANAGIHARA T, YOSHIDA K, HAMADA T, YOSHIMURA N, TASHIRO K. (1995). Dementia with ALS features and diffuse Pick Body-like inclusions (atypical Pick's disease?). Clinical Neuropathol, 14: 1-6.
31. HAZOUARO E, BERGEMER-FOUQUET AM, HOMMET C, et al. (2000). Sclérose latérale amyotrophique révélée par des troubles cognitifs. Intérêt de la tomographie de perfusion cérébrale en réanimation. La Presse Med, 29: 299-302.
32. HOSLER BA, SIDDIQUE T, SAPP PC, et al. (2000). Linkage of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with frontotemporal dementia to chromosome 9q21-q22. JAMA, 284: 1664-1669.
33. HOROUPIAN DD, THAL L, KATZMAN R, et al. (1984). Dementia and motor neuron disease: morphometric, biochemical and golgi studies. Ann Neurol, 16: 305-313.
34. HOWARD DD, PATTERSON K. (1992). Pyramids and palm trees: a test of semantic access from pictures and words. Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk: Thames valley Test Company.
35. HUDSON AJ. (1981). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and its association with dementia, parkinsonism and other neurological disorders: a review. Brain, 104: 217-247
36. HUDSON AJ. (1993). Aphasic dementia and motor neuron disease. Ann Neurol, 34: 417-418.
37. JACKSON M, LENNOX G, LOWE J. (1996). Motor neuron diseaseinclusion dementia. Neurodegeneration, 5: 339-350.
38. KATO S, ODA M, HAYASHI H, KAWATA A, SHIMIZU T. (1994). Participation of the limbic system and its associated areas in the dementia of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci, 126: 62-69.
39. KATO S, ODA M, MURAHASHI M, SUDA N. (1995). Motor neuron disease with involvement of pallido-luyio-nigral system and mesencephalic tegmentum. Clin Neuropathol, 14: 241-244.
40. KERTESZ A, HUDSON L, MACKENSZIE IRA, MUNOZ DG. (1994). The pathology and nosology of primary progressive aphasia. Neurology, 44: 2065-2072.
41. KEW JJM, LEIGH PN. (1992). Dementia with motor neuron disease. In: Baillere's clinical neurology, 1: 611-626.
42. KISHIKAWA M, NAKAMURA J, ISEKI M, IKEDA T, SHIMOKAWA I, TSUJIHATA M, NAGASATO K. (1995). A long surviving case of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with atrophy of the frontal lobe: a comparison with Mitsuyama syndrom. Acta Neuropathol, 89: 189-193.
43. KOBAYASHI M, IKEDA K, KINOSHITA M, IWASAKI Y. (1999). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with suptanuclear ophthalmo and rigidity. (1999). Neurol Res, 21 (7): 661-4
44. KOMACHI H, OKEDA R, ISHII N, YANAGISAWA K, YAMADA M, MIYATAKE T. (1994). Motor neuron disease with dementia and ophthalmoplegia. A clinical and pathological study. J Neurol, 241: 592-596.
45. KUSAKA H., IMAI T. (1993). Pathology of motor neurons in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. Clin Neuropathol, 12: 164-168.
46. LEBERT F, PASQUIER F, SOULIEZ L, PETIT H. (1988). Frontotemporal behavioural scale. Alzheimer Dis Ass Disord, 12: 335-339.
47. LEWIS J, McGOWAN E, ROCKWOD J, et al. (2000). Neurofibrillary tangles, amyotrophy and progressive motor disturbance in mice expressing mutant (p301 L) tau protein. Nat Genet, 25: 402-405.
48. LOPEZ O, BECKER J, DE KOSKY S. (1994). Dementia accompagning motor neuron disease. Dementia, 5: 42-47.
49. LLYOD CM, RICHARDSON MP, BROOKS DJ, AL-CHALABI A, LEIGH PM. (2001). Extra motor involvement in ALS: PET study with the GAB (A) Ugand [(11) C]. Flumazeril. Brain, 123: 2285-2296.
50. MANN DM, SOUTH PW, SNOWDEN JS, NEARY DD. (1993). Dementia of frontal lobe type: neuropathology and immunohistochemistry. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 56: 605-614.
51. MATSUDA M, MIKI J, HATTORI T, TABATA K. (2000). A case of motor neuron disease, with dementia, presenting motor aphasia as an initial symptom. Rinsho Shinkeigaku, 40: 160-165.
52. MATSUMOTO S, HIRANO A, GOTO S. (1990). Ubiquitin-immunoreactive filamentous inclusions in anterior horn cells of Guamanian and non-Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neuropathol, 80: 233-238.
53. MATSUMOTO S, KUSAKA H, ITO H, IMAI T. (1996). Golgi apparatus and intraneuronal inclusions of anterior horn cells in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: an immunohistochemical study. Acta Neuropathol (Berl), 91: 603-607.
54. MATYJA E, RENKAWCK K. (1988). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a patient with dominating dementia. Neuropath Pol, 26: 86-95
55. MEYER A. (1929). Uber eine der amyotrophischen lateralsklerose mahestehende erkrankung mit psychischen storungen. Z Ges Neurol Psychiat., 121: 107-138.
56. MICHAUX L, SAMSON M, HARLET JM, GRUMME R. (1955). Évolution dementielle de 2 cas de sclérose latérale amyotrophique accompagnée d'aphasie. Rev Neurol (Paris), 92: 357-367.
57. MITSUYAMA Y, TAKAMATSU I. (1971). Autopsy case of presenile dementia with motoneuron disease. (Japanese) Brain Nerv, 23: 409-416
58. MITSUYAMA Y, TAKAMIYA S. (1979). Presenile dementia with motor neuron disease in Japan. A new entity. Arch Neurol, 36: 592-593.
59. MITSUYAMA Y. (1984). Presenile dementia with motor neuron disease in Japan: clinico-pathological review of 26 cases. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 47: 953-959.
60. MITSUYAMA Y. (1993). Presenile dementia with motor neuron disease. Dementia, 4:137-142.
61. MITSUYAM A. (2000). Dementia with motor neuron disease. Neuropathology, 20: 79-81.
62. MORRIS RW, KHAN N, JANSSEM JC, BROWN JM, PERREZ-TUR J. (2001). The genetic and pathological classification of familial frontotemporal dementia. Act Neurol, 58: 1813-1820.
63. MURAKAMI N, YOSHIDA M, HASHIZUME Y, TAKAHASHI A. (1992). A clinicopathological study on 13 cases of motor neuron disease with dementia. Rinsko Shinkeigaku; 32: 1193-1202.
64. MYRIANTHOPOULOS NC, SMITH JK. (1962). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with progressive dementia. Neurology, 12: 603-610.
65. NAKANO I. (1993). Temporal lobe lesions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with or without dementia: a neuropathological study. Neuropathology, 13: 215-227.
66. NAKANO I. (2000). Frontotemporal dementia with motor neuron disease (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia). Neuropathology, 20: 68-75.
67. NAKAYAMA H, ARAI N, ANDOU S, AKASHI T. (1999). Three autopsy cases of frontotemporal dementia with pyramidal tract lesion (Abstract). Neuropathology, 19: A23.
68. NEARY D, SNOWDEN JS, NORTHEN B, GOULDING P. (1988). Dementia of frontal lobe type. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 51: 353-361.
69. NEARY D, SNOWDEN JS, MANN DMA, NORTHEN B, GOULDING PJ, MACDERMOTT N. (1990). Frontal lobe dementia and motor neuron disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 53: 23-32.
70. NEARY D, SNOWDEN JS, GUSTAFSON L, et al. (1998). Frontotemporal lobar degeneration: A consensus on clinical diagnostic criteria. Neurology, 51: 1546-1554.
71. NEARY D, SNOWDEN JS, MANN DMA. (2000). Cognitive change in motor neuron desease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci, 180: 15-20.
72. NIIZATO K, TSUCHIYA K, TOMINAGA I, KATO Y, IKEDA K. (1997). Pick's disease with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): report of two autopsy cases and literature review. J Neurol Sci, 148: 107-112.
73. OHNISHI T, HOSHI H, JINNOUCHI S, NAGAMACHI S, WATANABE K, MITUYAMA Y. (1990). The utility of cerebral blood flow imaging in patients with the unique syndrome of progressive dementia with motor neuron disease. J Nucl Med, 31: 688-691.
74. OKAMOTO K, MURAKAMI N, KUSAKA H, et al. (1992). Ubiquitin-positive intraneuronal inclusions in the extramotor cortices of presenile dementia patients with motor neuron disease. J Neurol, 239: 426-430.
75. OKUDA B, KAWABATA K, TACHIBANA H, SUGITA M, FUKUCHI M. (1993). Three-dimensional surface display using 1231-IMP in a case of motor neuron disease with dementia. Jnp J Psychiatry Neurol, 47: 599-602.
76. OSTBERG P, BOGDANOVIC N, FERNAEUS SE, WAHLUND LO. (2001). Jargonagraphia in a case frontotemporal dementia. Brain Lang, 79: 333-339.
77. PASQUIER F, LEBERT F, LAVENU I, PETIT H. (1998). Diagnostic des démences fronto-temporales. Rev Neurol (Paris), 154: 217-223.
78. PEAVY G, HERZOG A, RUBIN N, MESULAM M. (1992). Neuropsychogical aspects of dementia of motor neuron desease. A report of two cases. Neurology, 42: 1004-1010.
79. POPPE W, TENNSTEDT A. (1963). Klinisch-und pathologisch-anatomische Untersuchungen über kombinationsformen präseniler Himatrophien (Pick, Alzheimer) mit spinalen atrophisierenden Prozessen. Psychiatr Neurol Basel, 145: 322-344
80. PORTET F, TOUCHON J, CAMUS W. (2001). SLA et troubles cognitifs: analyse et revue de la littérature. Rev Neurol (Paris), 157: 139-150.
81. RAKOWICZ WP, HODGES JR. (1998). Dementia and aphasia in motor neuron disease: an underrecognised association? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 65: 881-889.
82. REVESZ T, HOLTON JL, CROOKS R, SCARAVILLI F. (1999). Evidence for pathological involvement of the spinal cord in motor neuron disease-inclusion dementia (abstract). J Neuropathol Exp Neurol, 58: 547.
83. SAWADA H, UDAKA F, KISHI Y, et al. (1998). Single photon emission computed tomography in motor neuron disease with dementia. Neuroradiology, 30: 577-578.
84. SNOWDEN JS, NEARY DD, MANN DA. (2002). Frontotemporal dementia. Brit J Psychiatr 180: 140-143.
85. STRONG MJ, GRACE GM, ORANGE JB. (1996). Cognition, language, and speech in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A review. J Clin Exper Neuropsychol, 18: 291-303.
86. SUDO S, FUKUTANI Y, MATSUBARA R, SASAKI K, SHIOZAWA M, WADA Y, NAIKI H, ISAKI K. (2002). Motor neuron disease with dementia combined with degeneration of striatonigral and pallidoluysian systems. Acta Neuropathol (Berlin), 103: 521-525.
87. TALBOT PR, GOULDING PJ, LLOYD J, SNOWDEN JS, NEARY D, TESTA HJ. (1995). Inter-relation between « classic » motor neuron disease and frontotemporal dementia: neuropsychological and single photon emission computed tomography study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry, 58: 541-547.
88. TANAKA M, KONDO S, HIRAI S, SUN XX, YAMAGISHI T, OKAMOTO K. (1993). Cerebral blood flow and oxygen metabolism in progressive dementia associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. J Neurol Sci, 120: 22-28.
89. TSUCHIYA K, OZAWA E, FUKUSHIMA J, YASUI H, KONDO H, NAKANO I, IKEDA K. (2000). Rapidly progressive aphasia and motor neuron disease: a clinical, radiological, and pathological study of an autopsy case with circumscribed lobar atrophy. Acta Neuropathol (Berlin), 99, 81-87.
90. UDAKA F, SAWAOA H, SERIU N, SHINDOU K, NISHITANI N, KAMEYAMA M. (1992). MRI and SPECT findings in amyotophic lateral sclerosis. Demostrating of upper motor neuron involvement by clinical neuroimaging. Neuroradiology, 34: 389-393
91. VAN BOGAERT L. (1925). Les troubles mentaux dans la sclérose latérale amyotrophique L'Encéphale, 20: 315-321.
92. VAN REETH PC, PERIER O, COERS C, VAN BOGAERT L. (1961). Démence de Pick associée à une sclérose latérale amyotrophique atypique - étude anatomo-clinique. Acta Neurol Psychiatrica Belgica, 61: 309-325.
93. VERCELLETTO M, BERTOUT C, GEFFRIAUD G, LABAT J, MAGNE C, FEVE JR, (1995). Démence de type frontale et sclérose latérale amyotrophique. Rev Neurol (Paris), 151: 640-647.
94. VERCELLETTO M, RONIN M, HUVET M, MAGNE C, FEVE JR. (1999). Frontal type dementia preceding amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a neuropsychological and SPECT study of five clinical cases. Eur J Neurol, 6: 295-299.
95. VON BAGH K. (1941). Uber anatomische befunde bei 30 fällen von systematischer. Atrophie der grosshirnrinde (pickser Krankheit) mit besonderer Berücksichtiigung der stammganglien und der langen absteigende leitungsbahnen. Arch Psychiatr, 114: 68-70.
96. VON BRAUNMUHL A. (1932). Picksche kranheit und amyotropphische lateral sclerose. Alg Zeit Psychiatr, 96: 364-386.
97. VON POPPE W, TENNSTEDT A. (1964). Klinisch und patholoogischeanatomische untersuchungen über kombinations-formen präseiler hirnaatrophien (Pick, Alzheimer) mit spinalen atrphisierenden prozessen. Psychiatr Neurol, 145: 322-344.
98. VAN REETH PC, PEERIER O, COERS C, VAN BOGAERT L. (1961). Démence de Pick associée à une sclérose latérale amyotrophique atypique (étude anatomoclinique). Acta Neurol Psychiatr Belg, 61: 309-325.
99. WALDEMAR G, VORSTRUP S, JENSEN TS, JOHNSEN A, BOYSEN G. (1992). Focal reductions of cerebral blood flow in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a [[99mTc]-d, I-HMPAO SPECT study. J Neurol Sci, 107: 19-28.
100. WECHSLER IS, DAVISON C. (1932). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with mentals symptoms: a clinicopathologic study. Arch Neurol Psychiatr, 27: 858-880.
101. WIGHTMAN G, ANDERSON VE, MARTIN J, et al. (1992). Hippocampal and neocortical ubiquitin-immunoreactive inclusions in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. Neurosci Lett, 139: 269-274.
102. WIKSTROM J, PAETAU A, PAL O, SULKAVA R, HALTIA M. (1982). Classic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. Arch Neurol, 39: 681-683.
103. YOSHIDA M, MURAKAMI N, HASHIZUME Y, TAKAHASHI A. (1992). A clinicopathological study on 13 cases of motor neuron disease with dementia. Rinsho Shinkeigaku, 32: 1193-1202.
104. YUASA R. (1964). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with organic dementia. Report of a case. Clin Neurol, 10: 569-577.
105. YUASA R. (1999). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with dementia. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu. Abstract. (27 P t2): 326-329.
106. ZIEGLER LH. (1930). Psychotic and emotionnal phenomena associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Arch Neurol Psychiat, 24: 930-936.