Terminal decline in cognitive function

Neurology

Volumn 60, Issue 11, 2003, Pages 1782-1787

  Wilson, R S ^a,b   Beckett, L A ^c   Bienias, J L ^a,b   Evans, D A ^a,b   Bennett, D A ^a,b  

^a RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^b RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; CLERGY; COGNITION; COGNITIVE DEFECT; DEATH; DEMENTIA; DEPTH PERCEPTION; DISEASE COURSE; EDUCATION; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MEMORY DISORDER; PERCEPTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RELIGION; SEMANTICS; SURVIVAL; WORKING MEMORY;

EID: 0038454674     PISSN: 00283878     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1212/01.WNL.0000068019.60901.C1     Document Type: Article

References (54)

1. Wilson RS, Beckett LA, Barnes LL, et al. Individual differences in rates of change in cognitive abilities of older persons. Psychol Aging 2002;17:179-193.
2. Wilson RS, Beckett LA, Bennett DA, Albert MA, Evans DA. Change in cognitive function in older persons from a community population: relation to age and Alzheimer's disease. Arch Neurol 1999;56:1274-1279.
3. Evans DA, Beckett LA, Albert MA, et al. Level of education and change in cognitive function in a community population of older persons. Ann Epidemiol 1993;3:71-77.
4. Wilson RS, Mendes de Leon CF, Barnes LL, et al. Participation in cognitively stimulating activities and risk of incident Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 2002;287:742-748.
5. Yaffe K, Blackwell T, Gore R, Sands L, Reus V, Browner WS. Depressive symptoms and cognitive decline in nondemented elderly women. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1999;56:425-430.
6. Wilson RS, Barnes LL, Mendes de Leon CF, et al. Depressive symptoms, cognitive decline, and risk of AD in older persons. Neurology 2002;59:364-370.
7. Morris MC, Evans DA, Bienias JL, Tangney CC, Wilson RS. Vitamin E and cognitive decline in older persons. Arch Neurol 2002;59:1125-1132.
8. Wilson RS, Bienias JL, Berry-Kravis E, Evans DA, Bennett DA. The apolipoprotein E ε2 allele and decline in episodic memory. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2002;73:672-677.
9. Wilson RS, Schneider JA, Barnes LL, et al. The apolipoprotein E ε4 allele and decline in different cognitive systems during a 6-year period. Arch Neurol 2002;59:1154-1160.
10. Kleemeier RW. Intellectual change in the senium. In: Proceedings of the Social Statistics Section of the American Statistical Association. Washington, DC: American Statistical Association, 1962:290-295.
11. Bennett DA, Wilson RS, Schneider JA, et al. Natural history of mild cognitive impairment in older persons. Neurology 2002;59:198-205.
12. Mitchell TW, Nissanov J, Han LY, et al. Novel method to quantify neuropil threads in brains from elders with and without cognitive impairment. J Histochem Cytochem 2000;48:1627-1637.
13. McKhann G, Drachmann D, Folstein M, Katzman R, Price D, Stadlan E. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer's Disease. Neurology 1984;34:939-944.
14. Katz S, Ford AB, Moskowitz RW, et al. Studies of illness in the aged. The index of ADL: a standardized measure of biological and psychosocial function. JAMA 1963;185:914-923.
15. Folstein MF, Folstein SE, McHugh PR. "Mini-Mental State": a practical method for grading the mental state of patients for the clinician. J Psychiatr Res 1975;12:189-198.
16. Goodglass H, Kaplan E. The assessment of aphasia and related disorders. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1983.
17. Welsh KA, Butters N, Mohs RC, et al. The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part V. A normative study of the neuropsychological battery. Neurology 1994;44:609-614.
18. Albert MS, Smith L, Scherr P, Taylor J, Evans DA, Funkenstein H. Use of brief cognitive tests to identify individuals in the community with clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease. Int J Neurosci 1991;57:167-178.
19. Wechsler D. Wechsler Memory Scale - revised manual. San Antonio: Psychological Corp., 1987.
20. Kaplan EF, Goodglass H, Weintraub S. The Boston Naming Test. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lea & Febiger, 1983.
21. Ekstrom RB, French JW, Harman HH, Kermen D. Manual for kit of factor-referenced cognitive tests. Princeton: Educational Testing Service, 1976.
22. Nelson HE. National Adult Reading Test (NART) manual. Windsor: Nfer-Nelson, 1982.
23. Cooper JA, Sager HJ, Jordan N, Harvey NS, Sullivan EV. Cognitive impairment in early, untreated Parkinson's disease and its relationship to motor disability. Brain 1991;114:2095-2122.
24. Craik FIM. A functional account of age differences in memory. In: Klix E, Hagendorf H, eds. Human memory and cognitive capabilities: mechanisms and performances. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1986:409-422.
25. Smith A. Symbol Digit Modalities Test manual - revised. Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services, 1982.
26. Benton AL, Sivan AB, Hamsher K, Varney NR, Spreen O. Contributions to neuropsychological assessment. 2nd ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 1994.
27. Raven JC, Court JH, Raven J. Manual for Raven's Progressive Matrices and Vocabulary Scales. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992.
28. Laird N, Ware J. Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 1982;38:963-974.
29. Hall CB, Lipton RB, Sliwinski M, Stewart WF. A change point model for estimating the onset of cognitive decline in preclinical Alzheimer's disease. Stat Med 2000;19:1555-1566.
30. SAS Institute Inc. SAS/STAT user's guide, version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute, 2000.
31. Bosworth HB, Schaie KW, Willis SL. Cognitive and sociodemographic risk factors for mortality in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1999;54:P273-P282.
32. Small BJ, Backman L. Time to death and cognitive performance. Curr Directions Psychol Sci 1999;8:168-172.
33. White N, Cunningham WR. Is terminal drop pervasive or specific? J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1988;43:P141-P144.
34. Gussekloo J, Westendorp RGJ, Remarque EJ, Lagaay AM, Heeren TJ, Knook DL. Impact of mild cognitive impairment on survival in very elderly people: cohort study. Br Med J 1997;315:1053-1054.
35. Kelman HR, Thomas C, Kennedy GJ, Cheng J. Cognitive impairment and mortality in older community residents. Am J Public Health 1994;84:1255-1260.
36. Liu IY, LaCroix AZ, White LR, Kittner SJ, Wolf PA. Cognitive impairment and mortality: a study of possible confounders. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:136-143.
37. Small BJ, Backman L. Cognitive correlates of mortality: evidence from a population-based study of very old adults. Psychol Aging 1997;12:309-313.
38. Whalley LJ, Deary IJ. Longitudinal cohort study of childhood IQ and survival up to age 76. Br Med J 2001;322:819-822.
39. O'Toole BI, Stankov L. Ultimate validity of psychological tests. Personality Individual Differences 1992;13:699-716.
40. Siegler IC. The terminal drop hypothesis: fact or artifact? Exp Aging Res 1975;1:169-185.
41. Bassuk SS, Wypij D, Berkman LF. Cognitive impairment and mortality in the community-dwelling elderly. Am J Epidemiol 2000;151:676-688.
42. Deeg DJH, Hofman A, van Zonneveld RJ. The association between change in cognitive function and longevity in Dutch elderly. Am J Epidemiol 1990;132:973-982.
43. Johansson B, Berg S. The robustness of the terminal decline phenomenon: longitudinal data from the Digit-Span Memory Test. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1989;44:P184-P186.
44. Botwinick J, West R, Storandt M. Predicting death from behavioral test performance. J Gerontol 1978;33:755-766.
45. Bruce ML, Hoff RA, Jacobs SC, Leaf PJ. The effects of cognitive impairment on 9-year mortality in a community sample. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 1995;50:P289-P296.
46. Hassing LB, Small BJ, von Strauss E, et al. Mortality-related differences and change in episodic memory among the oldest old: evidence from a population-based sample of nonagenarians. Aging Neuropsychol Cogn 2002;9:11-20.
47. Steuer J, LaRue A, Blum JE, Jarvik LF. Critical loss in the eighth and ninth decades. J Gerontol 1981;36:211-213.
48. Anstey KJ, Luszcz MA, Giles LC, Andrews GR. Demographic, health, cognitive, and sensory variables as predictors of mortality in very old adults. Psychol Aging 2001;16:3-11.
49. Colsher P, Wallace R. Longitudinal application of cognitive function measures in a defined population of community-dwelling elders. Ann Epidemiol 1991;1:215-230.
50. Hassing LB, Johansson B, Berg S, et al. Terminal decline and markers of cerebro- and cardiovascular disease: findings from a longitudinal study of the oldest old. J Gerontol Psychol Sci 2002;57:P268-P276.
51. Palmore E, Cleveland W. Aging, terminal decline, and terminal drop. J Gerontol 1976;31:76-81.
52. Riegel KF, Riegel RM. Development, drop, and death. Dev Psychol 1976;6:306-319.
53. Schaie KW. Intellectual development in adulthood: the Seattle Longitudinal Study. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1996.
54. Bosworth HB, Schaie KW. Survival effects in cognitive function, cognitive style, and sociodemographic variables in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. Exp Aging Res 1999;25:121-139.