Clinical trials: Evidence and unanswered questions - Hyperlipidaemia

Cerebrovascular Diseases

Volumn 16, Issue SUPPL. 3, 2003, Pages 25-32

  Deanfield, John E ^a  

^a GREAT ORMOND STREET HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Hyperlipidaemia; Low density lipoprotein cholesterol; Statin therapy; Stroke

Indexed keywords

ANTILIPEMIC AGENT; ATORVASTATIN; CHOLESTEROL; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; PRAVASTATIN; SIMVASTATIN;

ATHEROSCLEROSIS; CARDIOVASCULAR RISK; CELL MIGRATION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; CLINICAL TRIAL; CONFERENCE PAPER; DIABETES MELLITUS; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; HYPERLIPIDEMIA; MIGRATION INHIBITION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SMOOTH MUSCLE FIBER; STROKE; TRANSIENT ISCHEMIC ATTACK;

ANTILIPEMIC AGENTS; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL TRIALS; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYDROXYMETHYLGLUTARYL-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS; HYPERLIPIDEMIAS; MALE;

EID: 0038395796     PISSN: 10159770     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1159/000070274     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (31)

1. Castelli WP, Anderson K, Wilson PW, Levy D: Lipids and risk of coronary heart disease. The Framingham study. Ann Epidemiol 1992;2:23-28.
2. Stamler J, Vaccaro O, Neaton JD, Wentworth D: Diabetes, other risk factors, and 12-yr cardiovascular mortality for men screened in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Diabetes Care 1993;16:434-444.
3. Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study Group: Randomised trial of cholesterol lowering in 4444 patients with coronary heart disease: the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Lancet 1994;344:1383-1389.
4. Sacks FM, Pfeffer MA, Moye LA, Rouleau L, Rutherford JD, Cole TG, Brown L, Warnica JW, Arnold JMO, Wun C-C, Davis BR, Braunwald E; the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events Trial Investigators: The effect of pravastatin on coronary events after MI in patients with average cholesterol levels. New Engl J Med 1996;335:1001-1009.
5. White HD, Simes RJ, Anderson NE, Hankey GJ, Watson JD, Hunt D, Colquhoun DM, Glasziou P, MacMahon S, Kirby AC, West MJ, Tonkin AM: Pravastatin therapy and the risk of stroke. New Eng J Med 2000;343:317-326.
6. Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults: Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:2486-2497.
7. Prospective Studies Collaboration: Cholesterol, diastolic blood pressure, and stroke: 13,000 strokes in 450,000 people in 45 prospective cohorts. Lancet 1995;346:1647-1653.
8. Iso H, Jacobs DR, Jr, Wentworth D, Neaton JD, Cohen JD: Serum cholesterol levels and six-year mortality from stroke in 350,977 men screened for the multiple risk factor intervention trial. New Engl J Med 1989;320:904-910.
9. Pedersen TR, Kjekshus J, Pyörälä K, Olsson AG, Cook TJ, Musliner TA, Tobert JA, Haghfelt T: Effect of simvastatin on ischemic signs and symptoms in the Scandinavian Simvastatin Survival Study (4S). Am J Cardiol 1998;81:333-335.
10. Plehn JF, Davis BR, Sacks FM, Rouleau JL, Pfeffer MA, Bernstein V, Cuddy TE, Moye LA, Piller LB, Rutherford J, Simpson LM, Braunwald E: Reduction of stroke incidence after myocardial infarction with pravastatin: the Cholesterol and Recurrent Events (CARE) study. The Care Investigators. Circulation 1999;99(2):216-223.
11. The LIPID Study Group: Long-term effectiveness and safety of pravastatin in 9014 patients with coronary heart disease and average cholesterol concentrations: the LIPID trial follow-up. Lancet 2002;359:1379-1387.
12. Byington RP, Davis BR, Plehn JF, White HD, Baker J, Cobbe SM, Shepherd J, for the Prospective Pravastatin Pooling Investigators: Reduction of stroke events with pravastatin. The Prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) Project. Circulation 2001;103:387-392.
13. Craven TE, Ryu JE, Espeland MA: Evaluation of the associations between carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery stenosis: a case-control study. Circulation 1990;82:1230-1242.
14. O'Leary DH, Polak JF, Kronmal RA, Kittner SJ, Bond MG, Wolfson SK, Jr, Bommer W, Price TR, Gardin JM, Savage PJ: Distribution and correlates of sonographically detected carotid artery disease in the Cardiovascular Health Study: the CHS Collaborative Research Group. Stroke 1992;23:1752-1760.
15. MacMahon S, Sharpe N, Gamble G, Hart H, Scott J, Simes J, White H, on behalf of the LIPID trial research group: Effects of lowering average or below-average cholesterol levels on the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. Results of the LIPID Atherosclerosis Substudy. Circulation 1998;97:1784-1790.
16. Lammie GA, Sandercock PA, Dennis MS: Recently occluded intracranial and extracranial carotid arteries. Relevance of the unstable atherosclerotic plaque. Stroke 1999;30:1319-1325.
17. Rost NS, Wolf PA, Kase CS, Kelly-Hayes M, Silbershatz H, Massaro JM, D'Agostino RB, Franzblau C, Wilson PW: Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack: the Framingham study. Stroke 2001;32:2575-2579.
18. Nesto RW, Rutter MK: Impact of the atherosclerotic process in patients with diabetes. Acta Diabetol 2002;39:S22-S28.
19. Bellosta S, Bernini F, Ferri N, Quarato P, Canavesi M, Arnaboldi L, Fumagalli R, Paoletti R, Corsini A: Direct vascular effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors. Atherosclerosis 1998;137:S101-S109.
20. Aikawa M, Rabkin E, Sugiyama S, Voglic SJ, Fukumoto Y, Furukawa Y, Shiomi M, Schoen FJ, Libby P: An HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, cerivastatin, suppresses growth of macrophages expressing matrix metalloproteinases and tissue factor in vivo and in vitro. Circulation 201;103:276-283.
21. Williams JK, Sukhova GK, Herrington DM, Libby P: Pravastatin has cholesterol-lowering independent effects on the artery wall of atherosclerotic monkeys. J Am Coll Cardiol 1998;31:684-691.
22. Corsini A, Bernini F, Quarato P, Donetti E, Bellosta S, Fumagalli R, Paoletti R, Soma VM: Non-lipid-related effects of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors. Cardiology 1996;87:458-468.
23. Laufs U, La Fata V, Plutzky J, Liao JK: Upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Circulation 1998;97:1129-1135.
24. Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Ezekowitz MD, Ganz P, Oliver MF, Waters D, Zeiher A, Chaitman BR, Leslie S, Stern T; Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) study investigators: Effects of atorvastatin on early recurrent ischemic events in acute coronary syndromes: the MIRACL study: a randomized controlled trial. J Am Med Assoc 2001;285:1711-1718.
25. Waters DD, Schwartz GG, Olsson AG, Zeiher A, Oliver MF, Ganz P, Ezekowitz M, Chaitman BR, Leslie SJ, Stern T; MIRACL Investigators. Effects of atorvastatin on stroke in patients with unstable angina or non-Q-wave myocardial infarction: a Myocardial Ischemia Reduction with Aggressive Cholesterol Lowering (MIRACL) substudy. Circulation 2002;106:1596-1598.
26. Heart Protection Study Collaborative Group: MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol lowering with simvastatin in 20,536 high-risk individuals: a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2002;360:7-22.
27. Tanne D, Koren-Morag N, Graff E, Goldbourt U: Blood lipids and first-ever ischemic stroke/transient ischemic attack in the Bezafibrate Infarction Prevention (BIP) Registry: high triglycerides constitute an independent risk factor. Circulation 2001;104(24):2892-2897.
28. Bloomfield Rubins H, Davenport J, Babikian V, Brass LM, Collins D, Wexler L, Wagner S, Papademetriou V, Rutan G, Robins SJ, for the VA-HIT Study Group: Reduction in Stroke With Gemfibrozil in Men With Coronary Heart Disease and Low HDL Cholesterol. The Veterans Affairs HDL Intervention Trial (VA-HIT). Circulation 2001;103:2828-2833.
29. The Diabetes Atorvastin Lipid Intervention (DALI) Study Group: The effect of aggressive versus standard lipid lowering by atorvastatin on diabetic dyslipidemia: the DALI study: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic dyslipidemia. Diabetes Care 2001;24:1335-1341.
30. Berenson GS, Srinivasan SR, Bao W, Newman WP III, Tracy RP, Wattigney WA, for the Bogalusa Heart Study: Association between multiple cardiovascular risk factors and atherosclerosis in children and young adults. N Engl J Med 1998;338:1650-1656.
31. Smilde TJ, Van Wissen S, Wollersheim H, Trip MD, Kastelein JJP, Stalenhoef AHP: Effect of aggressive versus conventional lipid lowering on atherosclerosis progression in familial hypercholesterolaemia (ASAP): a prospective, randomised, double-blind trial. Lancet 2001;357:577-581.