Prevalence of and associated risk factors for shedding Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia cysts within feral pig populations in California

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Volumn 63, Issue 10, 1997, Pages 3946-3949

  Atwill, Edward R ^a   Sweitzer, Richard A ^a   Pereira, Maria Das Graças C ^a   Gardner, Ian A ^a   Van Vuren, Dirk ^a   Boyce, Walter M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SURFACE WATER;

CYST; FERAL PIG; OOCYST; PROTOZOAN PATHOGEN;

ADOLESCENT; ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL MODEL; ANIMAL TISSUE; ARTICLE; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; FECES ANALYSIS; FEMALE; GIARDIA; MALE; NONHUMAN; POPULATION RISK; PREVALENCE; RISK FACTOR; SWINE; UNITED STATES; WATER CONTAMINATION;

CALIFORNIA; USA;

ANIMALIA; BOS TAURUS; CRYPTOSPORIDIUM PARVUM; GIARDIA; GIARDIA SP.; PROTOZOA; RIPARIA; SUS SCROFA;

EID: 0030766491     PISSN: 00992240     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/aem.63.10.3946-3949.1997     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Anderson, B. C. 1981. Cryptosporidiosis in calves: epidemiologic question, diagnosis, and management, p. 92-94. In Annual Meeting of the American Association of Bovine Practitioners. Frontier Printers, Stillwater, Okla.
2. Atherton, F., C. P. S. Newman, and D. P. Casemore. 1995. An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis associated with a public water supply in the UK. Epidemiol. Infect. 115:123-131.
3. Balatbat, A. B., G. W. Jordan, Y. J. Tang, and J. Silva, Jr. 1996. Detection of Cryptosporidium parvum DNA in human feces by nested PCR. J. Clin. Microbiol. 34:1769-1772.
4. Barrett, R. H. 1978. The feral hog on the Dye Creek Ranch, California. Hilgardia 46:281-355.
5. Bridgman, S. A., R. M. Robertson, Q. Syed, N. Speed, N. Andrews, and R. R. Hunter. 1995. Outbreak of cryptosporidiosis associated with a disinfected groundwater supply. Epidemiol. Infect. 115:555-566.
6. DuPont, H. L., C. L. Chappell, C. R. Sterling, P. C. Okhuysen, J. B. Rose, and W. Jakubowski. 1995. The infectivity of Cryptosporidium parvum in healthy volunteers. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:855-859.
7. Erlandsen, S. L. 1994. Biotic transmission - is giardiasis a zoonosis?, p. 83-97. In R. C. A. Thompson, J. A. Reynoldson, and A. J. Lymbery (ed.), Giardia: from molecules to disease. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
8. Everitt, J. H., and M. A. Alaniz. 1980. Fall and winter diets of feral pigs in south Texas. J. Range Manag. 33:126-129.
9. Garber, L. P., M. D. Salman, H. S. Hurd, T. Keefe, and J. L. Schlater. 1994. Potential risk factors for Cryptosporidium infection in dairy calves. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 205:86-91.
10. Goldstein, S. T., D. D. Juranek, O. Ravenholt, A. W. Hightower, D. G. Martin, J. L. Mesnik, S. D. Griffiths, A. J. Bryant, R. R. Reich, and B. L. Herwaldt. 1996. Cryptosporidiosis: an outbreak associated with drinking water despite state-of-the-art water treatment. Ann. Intern. Med. 124:459-468.
11. Graczyk, T. K., M. R. Cranfield, and R. Fayer. 1996. Evaluation of commercial immunoassay (EIA) and immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test kits for detection of Cryptosporidium oocysts of species other than Cryptosporidium parvum. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 54:274-279.
12. Hayes, E. B., T. D. Matte, T. R. O'Brien, T. W. McKinley, G. S. Logsdon, J. B. Rose, B. L. P. Ungar, D. M. Word, P. F. Pinsky, M. L. Cummings, M. A. Wilson, E. G. Long, E. S. Hurwitz, and D. D. Juranek. 1989. Large community outbreak of cryptosporidiosis due to contamination of a filtered public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 320:1372-1376.
13. Hirji, K. F., A. A. Tsiatis, and C. R. Mehta. 1989. Median unbiased estimation for binary data. Am. Stat. 43:7-11.
14. Johnson, E., E. R. Atwill, M. E. Filkins, and J. Kalush. 1997. The prevalence of shedding of Cryptosporidium and Giardia spp. based on a single fecal sample collection from each of 91 horses used for backcountry recreation. J. Vet. Diagn. Invest. 9:56-60.
15. Kotanen, P. 1994. Effects of feral pigs on grasslands. Fremontia 22:14-17.
16. Laxer, M. A., B. K. Timblin, and R. J. Patel. 1991. DNA sequences for the specific detection of Cryptosporidium parvum by the polymerase chain reaction. Am. J. Trop. Med. Hyg. 45:688-694.
17. LeChevallier, M. W., W. D. Norton, and R. G. Lee. 1991. Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 57:2610-2616.
18. LeChevallier, M. W., and W. D. Norton. 1995. Giardia and Cryptosporidium in raw and finished water. J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 87:54-68.
19. Levine, J. F., M. G. Levy, R. L. Walker, and S. Crittenden. 1991. Cryptosporidiosis in veterinary students. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 193:1413-1414.
20. Lymbery, A. J., and M. Tibayrenc. 1994. Discussants report. Population genetics and systematics: how many species of Giardia are there?, p. 71-79. In R. C. A. Thompson, J. A. Reynoldson, and A. J. Lymbery (ed.), Giardia: from molecules to disease. CAB International, Wallingford, United Kingdom.
21. MacKenzie, W. R., N. J. Hoxie, M. E. Proctor, M. S. Gradus, K. A. Blair, D. E. Peterson, J. J. Kazmierczak, D. G. Addiss, K. R. Fox, J. B. Rose, and J. P. Davis. 1994. A massive outbreak in Milwaukee of Cryptosporidium infection transmitted through the public water supply. N. Engl. J. Med. 331: 161-167.
22. Matschke, G. H. 1967. Aging European wild boar by dentition. J. Wildl. Manag. 31:109-113.
23. Mehta, C., and N. Patel. 1993. LogXact: user manual. Cytel Software Corp., Cambridge, Mass.
24. Miron, D., J. Kenes, and R. Dagan. 1991. Calves as a source of an outbreak of cryptosporidiosis among young children in an agricultural closed community. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 10:438-441.
25. Rose, J. B., C. P. Gerba, and W. Jakubowski. 1991. Survey of potable water supplies for Cryptosporidium and Giardia. Environ. Sci. Technol. 25:1393-1400.
26. Schauss, M. E., H. J. Coletto, and M. J. Kutilek. 1990. Population characteristics of wild pigs, Sus scrofa, in eastern Santa Clara County, California. Calif. Fish Game 76:68-77.
27. Simpson, V. R. 1992. Cryptosporidiosis in newborn red deer (Cervus elaphus). Vet. Rec. 130:116-118.
28. Smith, H. V., W. J. Patterson, R. Hardie, L. A. Greene, C. Benton, W. Tulloch, R. A. Gilmour, R. W. A. Girdwood, J. C. M. Sharp, and G. I. Forbes. 1989. An outbreak of waterborne cryptosporidiosis caused by post-treatment contamination. Epidemiol. Infect. 103:703-715.
29. Sweitzer, R. A., and J. Berger. 1993. Seasonal dynamics of mass and body condition in Great Basin porcupines (Erethizon dorsatum). J. Mammal. 74: 198-203.
30. Sweitzer, R. A., B. J. Gonzalez, I. A. Gardner, D. Van Vuren, and W. M. Boyce. 1996. Population densities and disease surveys of wild pigs in the coast ranges of central and northern California, p. 75-82. In Proceedings of the 17th Vertebrate Pest Conference. University of California, Davis.
31. Sweitzer, R. A., G. G. Ghneim, I. A. Gardner, D. Van Vuren, B. J. Gonzales, and W. M. Boyce. 1997. Immobilization and physiological parameters associated with chemical restraint of wild pigs with Telazol and xylazine hydrochloride. J. Wildl. Dis. 33:198-205.
32. Xiao, L., and R. P. Herd. 1994. Epidemiology of equine Cryptosporidium and Giardia infections. Equine Vet. J. 26:14-17.
33. Xiao, L., R. P. Herd, and K. E. McClure. 1994. Periparturient rise in the excretion of Giardia sp. cysts and Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts as a source of infection for lambs. J. Parasitol. 80:55-59.
34. Xiao, L. 1994. Giardia infection in farm animals. Parasitol. Today 10:436-438.