Excitonic solar cells

Journal of Physical Chemistry B

Volumn 107, Issue 20, 2003, Pages 4688-4698

  Gregg, Brian A ^a  

^a NATIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARGE CARRIERS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; DISSOCIATION; DYES; EXCITONS; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); LIGHT ABSORPTION; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; POTENTIAL ENERGY; SEMICONDUCTOR MATERIALS;

CONVENTIONAL SOLAR CELL; DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELL; EXCITONIC SOLAR CELL; INTERFACIAL EXCITON DISSOCIATION PROCESS; PHOTOINDUCED CHEMICAL POTENTIAL ENERGY; SOLID-STATE EXCITONIC SOLAR CELL;

SOLAR CELLS;

EID: 0038281423     PISSN: 15206106     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/jp022507x     Document Type: Article

References (85)

1. Fahrenbruch, A. L.; Bube, R. H. Fundamentals of Solar Cells. Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conversion; Academic Press: New York, 1983.
2. Yu, G.; Gao, J.; Hummelen, J. C.; Wudl, F.; Heeger, A. J. Science 1995, 270.
3. Halls, J. J. M.; Walsh, C. A.; Greenham, N. C.; Marseglia, E. A.; Friend, R. H.; Moratti, S. C.; Holmes, A. B. Nature 1995, 376, 498-500.
4. Hagfeldt, A.; Grätzel, M. Acc. Chem. Res. 2000, 33, 269-277.
5. O'Regan, B.; Grätzel, M. Nature 1991, 353, 737-740.
6. Kallman, H.; Pope, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1959, 30, 585.
7. Tolin, G.; Kearns, D. R.; Calvin, M. J. Chem. Phys. 1960, 32, 1013-1019.
8. Fox, D.; Labes, M. M.; Weissberger, A. Physics and Chemistry of the Organic Solid State; Interscience: New York, 1963, Vol. 1.
9. Gutman, F.; Lyons, L. E. Organic Semiconductors, Part A; Krieger: Malabar, 1981.
10. Pope, M.; Swenberg, C. E. Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals; Clarendon Press: New York, 1982.
11. Powell, R. C.; Soos, Z. G. J. Lumin. 1975, 11, 1-45.
12. Gregg, B. A.; Hanna, M. C. J. Appl. Phys. 2003, 93(6), 3605-3614.
13. Gregg, B. A.; Fox, M. A.; Bard, A. J. J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 1586-1598.
14. Ramsdale, C. M.; Barker, J. A.; Arias, A. C.; MacKenzie, J. D.; Friend, R. H.; Greenham, N. C. J. Appl. Phys. 2002, 92, 4266-4270.
15. Gregg, B. A. In Semiconductor Photochemistry and Photophysics; Schanze, K. S., Ramamurthy, V., Eds.; Marcel Dekker: New York, 2003; Vol. 10, pp 51-88.
16. Tang, C. W. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1986, 48, 183-185.
17. Simon, J.; Andre, J.-J. Molecular Semiconductors; Springer-Verlag: Berlin, 1985.
18. Gregg, B. A. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1996, 258, 376-380.
19. Peumans, P.; Bulovic, V.; Forrest, S. R. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 76, 2650-2652.
20. Heeger, A. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 8475-8491.
21. Shaheen, S. E.; Brabec, C. J.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Padinger, F.; Fromherz, T. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2001, 78, 841-843.
22. Granström, M.; Petritsch, K.; Arias, A. C.; Lux, A.; Andersson, M. R.; Friend, R. H. Nature 1998, 395, 257-260.
23. Huynh, W. U.; Dittmer, J. J.; Alivisatos, A. P. Science 2002, 295, 2425-2427.
24. Jenekhe, S. A.; Yi, S. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2000, 77, 2635-2637.
25. Brabec, C. J.; Cravino, A.; Meissner, D.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Freomherz, T.; Rispens, M. T.; Sanchez, L.; Hummelen, J. C. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2001, 11, 374-380.
26. Arango, A. C.; Johnson, L. R.; Bliznyuk, V. N.; Schlesinger, Z.; Carter, S. A.; Hörhold, H.-H. Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 1689-1692.
27. Malliaras, G. G.; Salem, J. R.; Brock, P. J.; Scott, J. C. J. Appl. Phys. 1998, 84, 1583-1587.
28. Kalyanasundaram, K.; Grätzel, M. Coord. Chem. Rev. 1998, 77, 347-414.
29. Nazeeruddin, M. K.; Kay, A.; Rodicio, I.; Humphry-Baker, R.; Müller, E.; Liska, P.; Vlachopoulos, N.; Grätzel, M. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 6382-6390.
30. Schlichthörl, G.; Huang, S. Y.; Sprague, J.; Frank, A. J. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 8141-8155.
31. Södergren, A.; Hagfeldt, A.; Olsson, J.; Lindquist, S.-E. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 5552-5556.
32. Nozik, A. J. Physica E 2002, 14, 115-120.
33. Fonash, S. J. Solar Cell Device Physics; Academic Press: New York, 1981.
34. Miller, R. J. D.; McLendon, G. L.; Nozik, A. J.; Schmickler, W.; Willig, F. Surface Electron-Transfer Processes; VCH: New York, 1995.
35. Boxer, S. G. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1983, 726, 265-292.
36. Barber, J.; Andersson, B. Nature 1994, 370, 31-34.
37. Baltscheffsky, M. Current Research in Photosynthesis; Kluwer Academic: Dodrecht, 1990; Vol. 1.
38. Gregg, B. A. In Molecules as Components in Electronic Devices; Lieberman, M., Ed.; American Chemical Society: Washington, DC, 2003; pp 243-257.
39. Gregg, B. A.; Cormier, R. A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 7959-7960.
40. Lonergan, M. C.; Cheng, C. H.; Langsdorf, B. L.; Zhou, X. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2002, 124, 690-701.
41. Pfeiffer, M.; Beyer, A.; Plönnigs, B.; Nollau, A.; Fritz, T.; Leo, K.; Schlettwein, D.; Hiller, S.; Wörhle, D. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 2000, 63, 83-99.
42. Pope, M.; Swenberg, C. E. Electronic Processes in Organic Crystals and Polymers, 2nd ed.; Oxford University Press: New York, 1999.
43. Popovic, Z. D.; Hor, A.-M.; Loutfy, R. O. Chem. Phys. 1988, 127, 451-457.
44. Campbell, I. H.; Hagler, T. W.; Smith, D. L.; Ferraris, J. P. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 76, 1900-1903.
45. Geacintov, N.; Pope, M.; Kallman, H. J. Chem. Phys. 1966, 45, 2639.
46. Gregg, B. A.; Fox, M. A.; Bard, A. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 3024-9.
47. Yuan, Y.; Gregg, B. A.; Lawrence, M. F. J. Mater. Res. 2000, 15, 2494-2498.
48. Pichot, F.; Gregg, B. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 6-10.
49. Cahen, D.; Hodes, G.; Grätzel, M.; Guillemoles, J. F.; Riess, I. J. Phys. Chem. B 2000, 104, 2053-2059.
50. Green, M. A. Third Generation Photovoltaics: Concepts for High Efficiency at Low Cost; McConnel, R. D., Kapur, V. K., Ed.; Electrochemical Society: Pennington, NJ, 2001; Vol. 2001-10, pp 3-19.
51. Würfel, P. Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 1997, 46, 43-52.
52. Gregg, B. A.; Kim, Y. I. J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 2412-2417.
53. Calvert, J. M.; Schmehl, R. H.; Sullivan, B. P.; Facci, J. S.; Meyer, T. J.; Murray, R. W. Inorg. Chem. 1983, 22, 2151-2162.
54. Gregg, B. A.; Heller, A. J. Phys. Chem. 1991, 95, 5970-5975.
55. Gregg, B. A. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1995, 67, 1271-1273.
56. Grovenor, C. R. M. Microelectronic Materials; IOP Publishing: Bristol, 1989.
57. Law, K.-Y. Chem. Rev. 1993, 93, 449-486.
58. Gregg, B. A.; Pichot, F.; Ferrere, S,; Fields, C. L. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 1422-1429.
59. Zaban, A.; Meier, A.; Gregg, B. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 7985-7990.
60. Gregg, B. A.; Sprague, J.; Peterson, M. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 5362-5369.
61. Zakhidov, A. A.; Yoshino, K. Synth. Met. 1994, 64, 155-165.
62. Kenkre, V. M.; Parris, P. E.; Schmidt, D. Phys. Rev. B 1985, 32, 4946-4955.
63. Kraabel, B.; McBranch, D.; Sariciftci, N. S.; Moses, D.; Heeger, A. J. Phys. Rev. B 1994, 50, 18543-18552.
64. Haugeneder, A.; Neges, M.; Kallinger, C.; Spirkl, W.; Lemmer, U.; Feldman, J.; Scherf, U.; Harth, E.; Gügel, A.; Müllen, K. Phys. Rev. B. 1999, 59, 15346-15351.
65. Gerischer, H. Photochem. Photobiol. 1972, 16, 243-260.
66. Memming, R. Photochem. Photobiol. 1972, 16, 325-333.
67. O'Regan, B.; Moser, J.; Anderson, M.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 8720-8726.
68. Spitler, M. T. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1987, 228, 69-76.
69. Parkinson, B. A.; Spitler, M. T. Electrochim. Acta 1992, 37, 943-948.
70. Gregg, B. A.; Zaban, A.; Ferrere, S. Z. Phys. Chem. 1999, 212, 11-22.
71. Zaban, A.; Ferrere, S.; Gregg, B. A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1998, 102, 452-460.
72. Schwarzburg, K.; Willig, F. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 5743-5746.
73. Dittrich, T.; Beer, P.; Koch, F.; Weidmann, J.; Lauermann, I. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1998, 73, 1901-1903.
74. Turrion, M.; Macht, B.; Tributsch, H.; Salavadore, P. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 9732-9738.
75. Franco, G.; Gehring, J.; Peter, L. M.; Ponomarev, E. A.; Uhlendorf, I. J. Phys. Chem. B 1999, 103, 692-698.
76. We thank Dr. Si-Guang Chen for assistance with these experiments.
77. Prigogine, I. Thermodynamics of Irreversible Processes; 3rd ed.; Wiley: New York, 1967.
78. Gibbs, J. W. The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs; Dover: New York, 1961; Vol. 1.
79. Ferber, J.; Luther, J. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 4895-4903. Although the authors did not emphasize this result, see their Figures 9 and 10.
80. Winston, D. W. Physical Simulation of Optoelectronic Semiconductor Devices; University of Colorado, Boulder, 1996.
81. Breeze, A. J.; Salomon, A.; Ginley, D. S.; Gregg, B. A.; Tillman, H.; Hörhold, H.-H. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2002, 81, 3085-3087.
82. Oskam, G.; Bergeron, B. V.; Meyer, G. J.; Searson, P. C. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 6867-6873.
83. Nusbaumer, H.; Moser, J.-E.; Zakeeruddin, S. M.; Nazeerudin, M. K.; Grätzel, M. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105, 10461-10464.
84. Sun, J.; Stanbury, D. M. Inorg. Chem. 1998, 37, 1257-1263.
85. Wang, Y.; Suna, A. J. Phys. Chem. B 1997, 101, 5627-5638.