Medial pontine hemorrhagic stroke

Physical Therapy

Volumn 83, Issue 6, 2003, Pages 552-566

  Ruhland, Janet L ^a,b   Van Kan, Peter L E ^b  

^a MERITER HOSPITAL   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN MADISON   (United States)

Author keywords

Brain stem stroke; Descending motor systems; Motor rehabilitation; Neural control of movement; Primary pontine hemorrhage; Quality of life

Indexed keywords

AGED; ARTICLE; BODY POSTURE; BRAIN CORTEX; BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN HEMATOMA; BRAIN HEMORRHAGE; BRAIN STEM; CASE REPORT; COGNITION; COMMUNICATION DISORDER; COMPUTER ASSISTED TOMOGRAPHY; CRANIAL NERVE INJURY; HEMORRHAGIC STROKE; HUMAN; HYPERTENSION; INTERPERSONAL COMMUNICATION; LIMB MOVEMENT; MALE; MOTOR PERFORMANCE; MOTOR SYSTEM; QUALITY OF LIFE; SOMATOSENSORY SYSTEM; STROKE; TEGMENTUM;

EID: 0038101539     PISSN: 00319023     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/ptj/83.6.552     Document Type: Article

References (112)

1. Sherr Klein B. Slow Dance: A Story of Stroke, Love, and Disability. Berkeley, Calif. Page Mill Press, Div of Circulus; 1998.
2. Tavalaro J, Tayson R. Look Up for Yes. New York, NY: Kodansha International; 1997.
3. Grant GF. My brain stem stroke. BMJ. 1996;312(7035):917.
4. Kuypers HGJM. The organization of the motor system. Int J Neurol. 1963;4:78-91.
5. Lawrence DG, Kuypers HGJM. The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey, II: the effects of lesions of the descending brain-stem pathways. Brain. 1968;91:15-36.
6. Lawrence DG, Kuypers HGJM. The functional organization of the motor system in the monkey, I: the effects of bilateral pyramidal lesions. Brain. 1968;91:1-14.
7. Kuypers HGJM. A new look at the organization of the motor system. Prog Brain Res. 1982;57:381-403.
8. Wilson VJ, Melville Jones G. Mammalian Vestibular Physiology. New York, NY: Plenum Press; 1979.
9. Markham CH. Vestibular control of muscular tone and posture. Can J Neurol Sci. 1987;14(suppl 3):493-496.
10. Grillner S, Hongo T, Lund S. The vestibulospinal tract: effects on alpha-motoneurones in the lumbosacral spinal cord in the cat. Exp Brain Res. 1970;10:94-120.
11. Peterson BW, Fukushima K. The reticulospinal system and its role in generating vestibular and visuomotor reflexes. In: Sjolund B, Bjorklund A, eds. Brain Stem Control of Spinal Mechanisms. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Biomedical Press; 1982:225-251.
12. Kably B, Drew T. Corticoreticular pathways in the cat, II: discharge activity of neurons in area 4 during voluntary gait modifications. J Neurophysiol. 1998;80:406-424.
13. Prentice SD, Drew T. Contributions of the reticulospinal system to the postural adjustments occurring during voluntary gait modifications. J Neurophysiol. 2001;85:679-698.
14. Harting JK. Descending pathways from the superior colliculus: an autoradiographic analysis in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta). J Comp Neurol. 1977;173:583-612.
15. Sparks DL, Nelson JS. Sensory and motor maps in the mammalian superior colliculus. Trends Neurosci. 1987;10:312-317.
16. Sparks DL, Hartwich-Young R. The deep layers of the superior colliculus. Rev Oculomot Res. 1989;3:213-255.
17. Muir RB, Lemon RN. Corticospinal neurons with a special role in precision grip. Brain Res. 1983;261:312-316.
18. Bennett KM, Lemon RN. Corticomotoneuronal contribution to the fractionation of muscle activity during precision grip in the monkey. J Neurophysiol. 1996;75:1826-1842.
19. Schieber MH. How might the motor cortex individuate movements? Trends Neurosci. 1990;13:440-445.
20. Belhaj-Saif A, Karrer JH, Cheney PD. Distribution and characteristics of poststimulus effects in proximal and distal forelimb muscles from red nucleus in the monkey. J Neurophysiol. 1998;79:1777-1789.
21. Mewes K, Cheney PD. Facilitation and suppression of wrist and digit muscles from single rubromotoneuronal cells in the awake monkey. J Neurophysiol. 1991;66:1965-1977.
22. Miller LE, Van Kan PLE, Sinkjaer T, et al. Correlation of primate red nucleus discharge with muscle activity during free-form arm movements. J Physiol (Lond). 1993;469:213-243.
23. Sankjaer T, Miller L, Andersen T, Houk JC. Synaptic linkages between red nucleus cells and limb muscles during a multi-joint motor task. Exp Brain Res. 1995;102:546-550.
24. Miller LE, Houk JC. Motor co-ordinates in primate red nucleus: preferential relation to muscle activation versus kinematic variables. J Physiol (Lond). 1995;488 (pt 2):533-548.
25. Van Kan PLE, McCurdy ML. Contribution of primate magnocellular red nucleus to timing of hand preshaping during reaching to grasp. J Neurophysiol. 2002;87:1473-1487.
26. Van Kan PLE, McCurdy ML. Role of primate magnocellular red nucleus neurons in controlling hand preshaping during reaching to grasp. J Neurophysiol. 2001;85:1461-1478.
27. Padel Y, Steinberg R. Red nucleus cell activity in awake cats during a placing reaction. J Physiol (Paris). 1978;74:265-282.
28. Batson DE, Amassian VE. A dynamic role of rubral neurons in contact placing by the adult cat. J Neurophysiol. 1986;56:835-856.
29. Jiang W, Drew T. Effects of bilateral lesions of the dorsolateral funiculi and dorsal columns at the level of the low thoracic spinal cord on the control of locomotion in the adult cat, I: treadmill walking. J Neurophysiol. 1996;76:849-866.
30. Rho MJ, Lavoie S, Drew T. Effects of red nucleus microstimulation on the locomotor pattern and timing in the intact cat: a comparison with the motor cortex. J Neurophysiol. 1999;81:2297-2315.
31. Matsuyama K, Drew T. Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal neuronal activity during locomotion in the intact cat, I: walking on a level surface. J Neurophysiol. 2000;84:2237-2256.
32. Matsuyama K, Drew T. Vestibulospinal and reticulospinal neuronal activity during locomotion in the intact cat, II: walking on an inclined plane. J Neurophysiol. 2000;84:2257-2276.
33. Murphy SL. Deaths: final data for 1998. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2000; 48(11):1-105.
34. Stroke Statistics. Englewood, Colo: National Stroke Association; 2001.
35. Rosamond WD, Folsom AR, Chambless LE, et al. Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort. Stroke. 1999;30:736-743.
36. Silverstein A. Primary pontile hemorrhage: a review of 50 cases. Confin Neurol. 1967;29:33-46.
37. Chung CS, Park CH. Primary pontine hemorrhage: a new CT classification. Neurology. 1992;42:830-834.
38. Chase TN, Moretti L, Prensky AL. Clinical and electroencephalographic manifestations of vascular lesions of the pons. Neurology. 1968;18:357-368.
39. Orgogozo JM, Bogousslavsky J. Lacunar syndromes. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, Klawans HL, eds. Handbook of Clinical Neurology; Vol 10. Vascular Diseases, Part II. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: Elsevier Science Publishers; 1989:235-269.
40. Anderson C, Stewart-Wynne T. Clinical presentations of stroke: the classic and the less obvious. Aust Fam Physician. 1991;20:1565-1573.
41. Schneider R, Gautier JC. Leg weakness due to stroke: site of lesions, weakness patterns, and causes. Brain. 1994;117(pt 2):347-354.
42. Brust JC, Shafer SQ, Richter RW, Bruun B. Aphasia in acute stroke. Stroke. 1976;7:167-174.
43. Hier DB, Mondlock J, Caplan LR. Behavioral abnormalities after right hemisphere stroke. Neurology. 1983;33:337-344.
44. Bassetti C, Bogousslavsky J, Barth A, Regli F. Isolated infarcts of the pons. Neurology. 1996;46:165-175.
45. Kataoka S, Hori A, Shirakawa T, Hirose G. Paramedian pontine infarction: neurological/topographical correlation. Stroke. 1997;28:809-815.
46. Silverstein A. Primary pontine hemorrhage. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, eds. Handbook of Clinical Neurology; Vol 12. Vascular Diseases of the Nervous System. Amsterdam, the Netherlands: North-Holland Publishing Co; 1972:37-53.
47. Caplan LR, Goodwin JA. Lateral tegmental brainstem hemorrhages. Neurology. 1982;32:252-260.
48. Bogousslavsky J, Meienberg O. Eye-movement disorders in brainstem and cerebellar stroke. Arch Neurol. 1987;44:141-148.
49. Lee RG, van Donkelaar P. Mechanisms underlying functional recovery following stroke. Can J Neurol Sci. 1995;22:257-263.
50. Nudo RJ, Friel KM. Cortical plasticity after stroke: implications for rehabilitation. Rev Neurol. 1999;155:713-717.
51. Nudo RJ, Plautz EJ, Frost SB. Role of adaptive plasticity in recovery of function after damage to motor cortex. Muscle Nerve. 2001;24:1000-1019.
52. Taub E, Crago JE, Uswatte G. Constraint-induced movement therapy: a new approach to treatment in physical rehabilitation. Rehabil Psychol. 1998;43:152-170.
53. Taub E, Uswatte G, Pidikiti R. Constraint-induced movement therapy: a new family of techniques with broad application to physical rehabilitation - a clinical review. J Rehabil Res Dev. 1999;36:237-251.
54. Taub E, Morris DM. Constraint-induced movement therapy to enhance recovery after stroke. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2001;3:279-286.
55. Nudo RJ, Wise BM, SiFuentes F, Milliken GW. Neural substrates for the effects of rehabilitative training on motor recovery after ischemic infarct. Science. 1996;272(5269):1791-1794.
56. Friel KM, Nudo RJ. Recovery of motor function after focal cortical injury in primates: compensatory movement patterns used during rehabilitative training. Somatosens Mot Res. 1998;15:173-189.
57. Krebs HI, Volpe BT, Aisen ML, Hogan N. Increasing productivity and quality of care: robot-aided neuro-rehabilitation. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2000;37:639-652.
58. Volpe BT, Krebs HI, Hogan N, et al. A novel approach to stroke rehabilitation: robot-aided sensorimotor stimulation. Neurology. 2000; 54:1938-1944.
59. Hummelsheim H, Hauptmann B, Neumann S. Influence of physiotherapeutic facilitation techniques on motor evoked potentials in centrally paretic hand extensor muscles. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol. 1995;97:18-28.
60. Robertson IH. Cognitive rehabilitation: attention and neglect. Trends Cogn Sci. 1999;3:385-393.
61. Robertson IH, Murre JM. Rehabilitation of brain damage: brain plasticity and principles of guided recovery. Psychol Bull. 1999;125:544-575.
62. Chae J, Bethoux F, Bohine T, et al. Neuromuscular stimulation for upper extremity motor and functional recovery in acute hemiplegia. Stroke. 1998;29:975-979.
63. Chae J, Yu D. A critical review of neuromuscular electrical stimulation for treatment of motor dysfunction in hemiplegia. Assistive Technology. 2000;12(1):33-49.
64. Glanz M, Klawansky S, Stason W, Berkey C, et al. Biofeedback therapy in poststroke rehabilitation: a meta-analysis of the randomized controlled trials. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1995;76:508-515.
65. Glanz M, Klawansky S, Chalmers T. Biofeedback therapy in stroke rehabilitation: a review. J R Soc Med. 1997;90:33-39.
66. Johnson SH. Imagining the impossible: intact motor representations in hemiplegics. Neuroreport. 2000;11:729-732.
67. Hummelsheim H, Eickhof C. Repetitive sensorimotor training for arm and hand in a patient with locked-in syndrome. Scand J Rehabil Med. 1999;31:250-256.
68. Berkovic SF, Bladin PF. Rubral tremor: clinical features and treatment of three cases. Clin Exp Neurol. 1984;20:119-128.
69. Shepherd GM, Tauboll E, Bakke SJ, Nyberg-Hansen R. Midbrain tremor and hypertrophic olivary degeneration after pontine hemorrhage. Mov Disord. 1997;12:432-437.
70. Papez JW, Stotler WA. Connections of the red nucleus. Arch Neurol Psychiatr. 1940;44:776-791.
71. Nathan PW, Smith MC. The rubrospinal and central tegmental tracts in man. Brain. 1982;105:223-269.
72. Snowden M, McCormick W, Russo M, et al. Validity and responsiveness of the minimum data set. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47:1000-1004.
73. Lawton MP, Casten R, Parmelee PA, et al. Psychometric characteristics of the minimum data set II: validity. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1998;46:736-744.
74. Hawes C, Phillips CD, Mor V, et al. MDS data should be used for research. Gerontologist. 1992;32:563-564.
75. Hawes C, Morris JN, Phillips CD, et al. Reliability estimates for the Minimum Data Set for nursing home resident assessment and care screening (MDS). Gerontologist. 1995;35:172-178.
76. Keith RA, Granger CV, Hamilton BB, Sherwin FS. The functional independence measure: a new tool for rehabilitation. In: Eisentberg MG, Grzesiak RC, eds. Advances in Clinical Rehabilitation. New York, NY: Springer Verlag; 1987:6-18.
77. Oczkowski WJ, Barreca S. The functional independence measure: its use to identify rehabilitation needs in stroke survivors. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1993;74:1291-1294.
78. Hamilton BB, Laughlin JA, Fiedler RC, Granger CV. Interrater reliability of the 7-level functional independence measure (FIM). Scand J Rehabil Med. 1994;26:115-119.
79. Stineman MG, Jette A, Fiedler R, Granger C. Impairment-specific dimensions within the Functional Independence Measure. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1997;78:636-643.
80. Stineman MG, Shea JA, Jette A, et al. The Functional Independence Measure: tests of scaling assumptions, structure, and reliability across 20 diverse impairment categories. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 1996;77:1101-1108.
81. Ross-Swain D, Fogle PT. Ross Information Processing AssessmentGeriatric: Examiner's Manual. Austin, Tex: PRO-ED; 1996.
82. O'Sullivan SB, Schmitz TJ. Physical Rehabilitation: Assessment and Treatment. 4th ed. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis Co; 1994:143-148, 183-184.
83. Kendall FP, McCreary EF, Provance PG. Muscles: Testing and Function. 4th ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 1993.
84. Norkin CC, White DJ. Measurement of Joint Motion: A Guide to Goniometry. 2nd ed. Philadelphia, Pa: FA Davis Co; 1995.
85. Shumway-Cook A, Woollacott MH. Motor Control: Theory and Practical Applications. 2nd ed. Baltimore, Md: Williams & Wilkins; 2001.
86. Lemon RN, Hanby JA, Porter R. Relationship between the activity of precentral neurones during active and passive movements in conscious monkeys. Proc R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 1976;194:341-373.
87. Brinkmann JR, Hoskins TA. Physical conditioning and altered self-concept in rehabilitated hemiplegic patients. Phys Ther. 1979;59:859-865.
88. Mitchell JM, Kemp BJ. Quality of life in assisted living homes: a multidimensional analysis. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2000;55:117-127.
89. Horak FB, Nashner LM, Diener HC. Postural strategies associated with somatosensory and vestibular loss. Exp Brain Res. 1990;82:167-177.
90. Horak FB, Shupert CL, Dietz V, Horstmann G. Vestibular and somatosensory contributions to responses to head and body displacements in stance. Exp Brain Res. 1994;100:93-106.
91. Massion J. Movement, posture and equilibrium: interaction and coordination. Prog Neurobiol. 1992;38:35-56.
92. Massion J. Postural control system. Curr Opin Neurobiol. 1994;4:877-887.
93. Horak FB, Henry SM, Shumway-Cook A. Postural perturbations: new insights for treatment of balance disorders. Phys Ther. 1997;77:517-533.
94. Brodal A. Neurological Anatomy in Relation to Clinical Medicine. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 1981:394-447.
95. Saper CB. Brain stem modulation of sensation, movement, and consciousness. In: Kandel ER, Schwartz JH, Jessell TM, eds. Principles of Neural Science. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Inc, Health Professions Division; 2000:889-909.
96. Pariente J, Loubinoux I, Carel C, et al. Fluoxetine modulates motor performance and cerebral activation of patients recovering from stroke. Ann Neurol. 2001;50:718-729.
97. Goldstein LB. Effects of amphetamines and small related molecules on recovery after stroke in animals and man. Neuropharmacology. 2000;39:852-859.
98. Kraus MF. Neuropsychiatric sequelae of stroke and traumatic brain injury: the role of psychostimulants. Int J Psychiatry Med. 1995;25:39-51.
99. Walker-Batson D. Use of pharmacotherapy in the treatment of aphasia. Brain Lang. 2000;71:252-254.
100. Walker-Batson D, Curtis S, Natarajan R, et al. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the use of amphetamine in the treatment of aphasia. Stroke. 2001;32:2093-2098.
101. Walker-Batson D, Smith P, Curtis S, et al. Amphetamine paired with physical therapy accelerates motor recovery after stroke: further evidence. Stroke. 1995;26:2254-2259.
102. Feeney DM. From laboratory to clinic: noradrenergic enhancement of physical therapy for stroke or trauma patients. In: Freund HJ, Sabel BA, Witte OW, eds. Brain Plasticity: Advances in Neurology. Philadelphia, Pa: Lippincott-Raven Publishers; 1997:383-394.
103. Rothwell JC, Traub MM, Day BL, et al. Manual motor performance in a deafferented man. Brain. 1982;105(pt 3):515-542.
104. Massion J. The mammalian red nucleus. Physiol Rev. 1967;47:383-436.
105. Pompeiano O, Brodal A. Experimental demonstration of a somatotopical origin of rubrospinal fibers in the cat. J Comp Neurol. 1957;108:225-251.
106. Terao S, Takahashi M, Li M, et al. Selective loss of small myelinated fibers in the lateral corticospinal tract due to midbrain infarction. Neurology. 1996;47:588-591.
107. Poirier LJ, Bouvier G. The red nucleus and its efferent nervous pathways in the monkey. J Comp Neurol. 1966;128:223-244.
108. Kuypers HG, Lawrence DG. Cortical projections to the red nucleus and the brain stem in the rhesus monkey. Brain Res. 1967;4:151-188.
109. Pong M, Guest JD, Horn KM, et al. Spinal projections of monkey parvicellular red nucleus. Soc Neurosci Abstr. 2000;26:688.
110. Burman K, Darian-Smith C, Darian-Smith I. Macaque red nucleus: origins of spinal and olivary projections and terminations of cortical inputs. J Comp Neurol. 2000;423:179-196.
111. Pong M, Horn KM, Gibson AR. Spinal projections of the cat parvicellular red nucleus. J Neurophysiol. 2002;87:453-468.
112. Nathan PW, Smith M, Deacon P. Vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and descending propriospinal nerve fibres in man. Brain. 1996;119:1809-1833.