A high cytosol value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) may be predictive of early relapse in primary breast cancer

Cancer Investigation

Volumn 21, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 208-216

  Dazzi, Claudio ^a   Cariello, Anna ^a   Maioli, Patrizia ^a   Magi, Serena ^a   Rosti, Giovanni ^a   Giovanis, Petros ^a   Giovannini, Gloria ^b   Lanzanova, Giuseppe ^a   Marangolo, Maurizio ^a  

^a SANTA MARIA DELLE CROCI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF FERRARA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Angiogenesis; PAI 1; Primary breast cancer; Prognostic factors; uPA; VEGF

Indexed keywords

CD34 ANTIGEN; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; ESTROGEN RECEPTOR; FLUOROURACIL; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; PROGESTERONE RECEPTOR; TAMOXIFEN; UROKINASE; VASCULOTROPIN;

ADULT; AGED; ANGIOGENESIS; ARTICLE; BREAST CANCER; CANCER GRADING; CELL DENSITY; CORRELATION ANALYSIS; CYTOSOL; DISEASE COURSE; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; ENZYME ANALYSIS; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MICROVASCULARIZATION; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATION; PREDICTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROGNOSIS; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RELAPSE; STATISTICAL ANALYSIS; STATISTICAL SIGNIFICANCE;

ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ANTIGENS, CD; ANTIGENS, CD34; BREAST NEOPLASMS; CHEMOTHERAPY, ADJUVANT; CYTOSOL; ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; LYMPHATIC METASTASIS; LYMPHOKINES; MIDDLE AGED; NEOPLASM STAGING; PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBITOR 1; PREDICTIVE VALUE OF TESTS; PROGNOSIS; RECEPTORS, ESTROGEN; RECEPTORS, PROGESTERONE; RECURRENCE; REGRESSION ANALYSIS; TIME FACTORS; URINARY PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS;

EID: 0038078453     PISSN: 07357907     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1081/CNV-120016417     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Folkman, J. What is the evidence that tumors are angiogenic dependent? J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1990, 82, 4-6.
2. Folkman, J. Tumor angiogenesis: therapeutic implications. N. Engl. J. Med. 1971, 285, 1182-1186.
3. Horak, E.R.; Leek, R.; Klenk, N.; LeJeune, S.; Smith, K.; Stuart, N.; Greenall, M.; Stepniewska, K.; Harris, A.L. Angiogenesis, assessed by platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule antibodies, as indicator of node metastases and survival in breast cancer. Lancet 1992, 340, 1120-1124.
4. Weidner, N.; Folkman, J.; Pozza, F.; Bevilacqua, P.; Allred, E.N.; Moore, D.H.; Meli, S.; Gasparini, G. Tumor angiogeneses: a new significant and indipendent prognostic indicator in early-stage breast carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1992, 84, 1875-1887.
5. Van Hoef, M.E.H.N.; Knox, W.F.; Dhesi, S.S.; Howell, A.; Schor, A.M. Assessment ofangiogenesis: a new significant and independent prognostic indicator in early-stage breast carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1992, 84, 1875-1887.
6. Fox, S.B.; Turner, G.D.H.; Leek, R.D.; Whitehouse, R.M.; Gatter, K.C.; Harris, A.L. The prognostic value of quantitative angiogenesis in breast cancer and role of adhesion molecular expression in tumor endothelium. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1995, 36, 219-226.
7. Goulding, H.; Nik Abdul Rashid, N.F.; Robertson, J.F.; Bell, J.A.; Elston, C.W.; Blarney, R.W.; Ellis, I.O. Assessment of angiogenesis in breast carcinoma: an important factor in prognosis? Hum. Pathol. 1995, 26, 1196-1200.
8. Bevilacqua, P.; Barbareschi, M.; Verderio, P.; Boracchi, P.; Caffo, O.; Dalla Palma, P.; Meli, S.; Weidner, N.; Gasparini, G. Prognostic value of intratumoral microvessel density, a measure of tumor angiogenesis, in node-negative breast carcinoma. Results of a multiparametric study. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1995, 36, 205-217.
9. Toi, M.; Inada, K.; Suzuki, H.; Tominaga, T. Tumor angiogenesis in breast cancer: its importance as a prognostic indicator and the association with vascular endothelial growth factor expression. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1995, 36, 193-204.
10. Obermair, A.; Kurz, C.; Czerwenka, K.; Thoma, M.; Kaider, A.; Wagner, T.; Gitsch, G.; Sevelda, P. Microvessel density and vessel invasion in lymph-node negative breast cancer: effect on recurrence-free survival. Int. J. Cancer 1995, 62, 126-131.
11. Axelsson, K.; Ljung, B.-M.E.; More, D.H., II. Thor, A.D.; Chew, K.L.; Edgerton, S.M.; Smitrh, H.S.; Mayall, B.H. Tumor angiogenesis as a prognostic assay for invasive ductal breast carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1995, 87, 997-1008.
12. Gasparini, G. Clinical significance of the determination of angiogenesis in human breast cancer: update of the biological background and overview of the vicenza studies. Eur. J. Cancer 1993, 32A, 2485-2493.
13. Grøndhal-Hansen, J.; Christensen, I.J.; Rosenquist, C.; Brünner, N.; Mouridsen, H.T.; Danø, K.; Blichert-Toft, M. High levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator and its inhibitor PAI-1 in cytosolic extracts of breast carcinomas are associated with poor prognosis. Cancer Res. 1993, 53, 2513-2521.
14. Jänicke, F.; Schmitt, M.; Pache, L.; Ulm, K.; Harbeck, N.; Höfler, H.; Graeff, H. Urokinase (uPA) and its inhibitor PAI-1 I are strong and independent prognostic factors in node-negative breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1993, 24, 195-208.
15. Bouchet, C.; Spyratos, F.; Martin, P.M.; Hacène, K.; Gentile, A.; Oglobine, J. Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator inhibitors PAI-1 and PAI-2 in breast carcinomas. Br. J. Cancer 1994, 69, 398-405.
16. Duffy, M.J. Proteases as prognostic markers in cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 1996, 2, 613-618.
17. Kondo, Y.; Arii, S.; Mori, A.; Furutani, M.; Chiba, T.; Imamura, M. Enhancement of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis by transfection of vascular endothelial growth factor into LoVo human colon cancer cell line. Clin. Cancer Res. 2000, 6, 622-630.
18. Kim, K.J.; Li, B.; Winer, J.; Armanini, M.; Gillett, N.; Phillips, H.S.; Ferrara, N. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor-induced angiogenesis suppresses tumour growth in vivo. Nature 1993, 362, 841-844.
19. Skobe, M.; Rockwell, P.; Goldstein, N.; Vosseler, S.; Fusenig, N.E. Halting angiogenesis suppresses carcinoma cell invasion. Nat. Med. 1997, 3, 1222-1227.
20. Gasparini, G.; Toi, M.; Gion, M.; Verderio, P.; Dittadi, R.; Hanatani, M.; Matsubara, I.; Vinante, O.; Bonoldi, E.; Boracchi, P.; Gatti, C.; Suzuki, H.; Tominaga, T. Prognostic significance of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in node-negative breast carcinoma. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1997, 89, 139-147.
21. Elston, C.W.; Ellis, I.O. Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 1991, 19, 403-410.
22. EORTC Breast Cancer Co-Operative Group. Revision of the standards for the assessment of hormone receptors in human breast cancer: report of the second EORTC workshop, held on 16-17 March, 1979, in The Netherlands Cancer Institute. Eur. J. Cancer 1980, 16, 1513-1515.
23. Goldhirsch, A.; Wood, W.C.; Senn, H.J.; Glick, J.H.; Gelber, R.D. Meeting highlights: international consensus panel on the treatment of primary breast cancer. J. Natl Cancer Inst. 1995, 87, 1441-1445.
24. Duffy, M.J.; O'Grady, P.; Devaney, D.; O'Siorain, L.; Fennelly, J.J.; Lijnen, H.J. Urokinase-plasminogen activator, a marker for aggressive breast cancers. Preliminary report. Cancer 1988, 62, 531-533.
25. Jänicke, F.; Schmitt, M.; Ulm, K.; G6ssner, W.; Graeff, H. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator antigen and early relapse in breast cancer. Lancet 1989, 8670, 1049.
26. Jänicke, F.; Schmitt, M.; Graeff, H. Clinical relevance of the urokinase-type and tissue-type plasminogen activators and of their type 1 inhibitor in breast cancer. Sem. Thromb. Hemostasis 1991, 17, 303-312.
27. Foekens, J.A.; Schmitt, M.; van Putten, W.L.J.; Peters, H.A.; Bontenbal, M.; Jänicke, F.; Klijn, J.G.M. Prognostic value of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in 671 primary breast cancer patients. Cancer Res. 1992, 52, 6101-6105.
28. Foekens, J.A.; Schmitt, M.; van Putten, W.L.J.; Peters, H.A.; Kramer, M.D.; Jänicke, F.; Klijn, J.G.M. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and prognosis in primary breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 1994, 12, 1648-1658.
29. Grøndhal-Hansen, J.; Peters, H.A.; van Putten, W.L.J.; Look, M.P.; Pappot, H.; Rønne, E.; Danø, K.; Klijn, J.G.M.; Brünner, N.; Foekens, J.A. Prognostic significance of the receptor for urokinase plasminogen activator in breast cancer. Clin. Cancer Res. 1995, 1, 1079-1087.
30. Fernö, M.; Bendahl, P.O.; Borg, A.; Brundell, J.; Hirschberg, L.; Olsson, H.; Killander, D. Urokinase plasminogen activator, a strong independent prognostic factor in breast cancer, analysed in steroid receptor cytosols with illuminometric immunoassays. Eur. J. Cancer 1996, 32, 793-801.
31. Kim, S.J.; Siba, E.; Kobayashi, T.; Yayoi, E.; Furukawa, J.; Takatsuka, Y.; Shin, E.; Koyama, H.; Inaji, H.; Takai, S. Prognostic impact of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (PA), PA inhibitor type 1 and tissue-type PA antigen levels in node-negative breast cancer: a prospective study on multicenter basis. Clin. Cancer Res. 1998, 4, 177-182.
32. Knoop, A.; Andreasen, P.A.; Andersen, J.A.; Hansen, S.; Laenkholm, A.V.; Simonsen, A.C.; Andersen, J.; Overgaard, J.; Rose, C. Prognostic significance of urokinasetype plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 in primary breast cancer. Br. J. Cancer 1998, 77, 932-940.
33. Bouchet, C.; Hacène, K.; Martin, P.M.; Becette, V.; Tubiana-Hulin, M.; Lasry, S.; Oglobine, J.; Spyratos, F. Dissemination risk index based on plasminogen activator system components in primary breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 1999, 17, 3048-3057.
34. Harbeck, N.; Thomssen, C.; Berger, U.; Ulm, K.; Kates, R.E.; Hofler, H.; Janicke, F.; Graeff, H.; Schmitt, M. Invasion marker PAI-1 remains a strong prognostic factor after long term follow up both for primary breast cancer and following first relapse. Breast Cancer Res. Treat. 1999, 54, 147-157.
35. Foekens, J.A.; Peters, H.A.; Look, M.P.; Portengen, H.; Schmitt, M.; Kramer, M.D.; Brünner, N.; Jänicke, F.; Meijer-van Gelder, M.E.; Henzen-Logmans, S.C.; van Putten, W.L.J.; Klijn, J.G.M. The urokinase system of plasminogen activation and prognosis in 2780 breast cancer patients. Cancer Res. 2000, 60, 636-643.
36. Schmitt, M.; Harbeck, N.; Thomssen, C.; Wilhem, O.; Magdolen, V.; Reuning, U.; Ulm, K.; Höfler, H.; Jänicke, F.; Graeff, H. Clinical impact of the plasminogen activation system in tumor invasion and metastasis: prognostic relevance and target for therapy. Thromb. Haemostasis 1997, 78, 285-296.
37. Reilly, D.; Christensen, L.; Duch, M.; Nolan, N.; Duffy, M.J.; Andreasen, P.A. Type-1 plasminogen activator inhibitor in human breast carcinomas. Int. J. Cancer 1992, 50, 208-214.
38. Pyke, C.; Kristensen, P.; Ralfkiær, E.; Eriksen, J.; Danø, K. The plasminogen activation system in human colon cancer: messenger RNA for the inhibitor PAI-1 is located in endothelial cells in the tumor stroma. Cancer Res. 1991, 51, 4067-4071.
39. Schnaper, H.W.; McGowan, K.A.; Kim-Schulze, S.; Cid, M.C. Oestrogen and endothelial cell angiogenic activity. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 1996, 23, 247-250.
40. Senger, D.R.; Van De Walter, L.; Brown, L.F.; Nagy, J.A.; Yeo, K.T.; Yeo, T.K.; Berse, B.; Jackman, R.W.; Dvorak, A.M.; Dvorak, H.F. Vascular permeability factor (VPF,VEGF) in tumor biology. Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1993, 12, 303-324.
41. Banerjee, S.K.; Sarkar, D.K.; Weston, A.P.; De, A.; Campbell, D.R. Overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptor during the development of estrogen-induced rat pituitary tumors may mediate estrogen-initiated tumor angiogenesis. Carcinogenesis 1997, 18, 1155-1161.
42. Prechtl, A.; Harbeck, N.; Thomssen, C.; Meisner, C.; Braun, M.; Untch, M.; Wieland, M.; Lisboa, B.; Cufer, T.; Graeff, H.; Selbmann, K.; Schmitt, M.; Jänicke, F. Tumor-biological factors uPA and PAI-1 as stratification criteria of a multicenter adjuvant chemotherapy trial in node-negative breast cancer. Int. J. Biol. Marker 2000, 15, 73-78.