Twinning in southern elephant seals: The implications of resource allocation by mothers

Wildlife Research

Volumn 30, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 35-39

  McMahon, Clive R ^a,b   Hindell, Mark A ^c  

^a AUSTRALIAN ANTARCTIC DIVISION   (Australia)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA   (South Africa)

^c UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA   (Australia)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

GROWTH RATE; LACTATION; MATERNAL CARE; MORTALITY; PINNIPED; RESOURCE ALLOCATION; TWINNING;

AUSTRALIA;

ELEPHANT; MAMMALIA; MIROUNGA LEONINA; PHOCIDAE; PINNIPEDIA;

EID: 0038030645     PISSN: 10353712     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1071/WR01069     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. Arnbom, T. A., Fedak, M. A., Boyd, I. L., and McConnell, B. J. (1993). Variation in weaning mass of pups in relation to maternal mass, post-weaning fast duration, and weaned pup behaviour in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) at South Georgia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 71, 1772-1781.
2. Arnbom, T., Fedak, M. A., and Boyd, I. L. (1997). Factors affecting maternal expenditure in southern elephant seals during lactation. Ecology 78, 471-483.
3. Baker, J. D., and Fowler, C. W. (1992). Pup weight and survival of northern fur seals Callorhinus ursinus. Journal of Zoology, London 227, 231-238.
4. Boness, D. J. (1990). Fostering behaviour in Hawaiian monk seals: is there a reproductive cost? Behavioural Ecology and Sociobiology 27, 113-122.
5. Bonner, W. N., and Laws, R. M. (1993). Morphometrics, specimen collection and preservation. In 'Antarctic Seals'. (Ed. R. M. Laws.) pp. 161-171. (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
6. Bowen, W. D., Oftedal, O. T., Boness, D. J., and Iverson, S. J. (1994). The effect of maternal age and other factors on the birth mass in the harbour seal. Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, 8-14.
7. Boyd, I. L. (1991). Environmental and physiological factors controlling the reproductive cycles of pinnipeds. Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, 1135-1148.
8. Boyd, I. L. (2000). State-dependent fertility in pinnipeds: contrasting capital and income breeders. Functional Ecology 14, 623-630.
9. Bryden, M. M. (1966). Twin foetuses in the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L.). Papers and Proceedings of the Royal Society of Tasmania 100, 89-90.
10. Carrick, R., Csordas, S. E., and Ingham, S. E. (1962). Studies on the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (L). IV. Breeding and development. CSIRO Wildlife Research 2, 161-197.
11. Carrick, R., and Ingham, S. E. (1962). Studies on the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina (L). I. Introduction to the series. CSIRO Wildlife Research 7, 89-101.
12. Case, T. J. (1978). On the evolution and adaptive significance of postnatal growth in the terrestrial vertebrates. Quarterly Review of Biology 53, 243-282.
13. Charlesworth, B. (1994). 'Evolution in Age-structured Populations.' (Cambridge University Press: Cambridge.)
14. Clutton-Brock, T. H., Price, O. F., and Albon, S. D. (1992). Early development and population fluctuations in Soay sheep. Journal of Animal Ecology 61, 381-396.
15. Coulson, J. C., and Hickling, G. (1964). The breeding biology of the grey seal, Halichoerus grypus (Fab2.), on the Farne Islands, Northumberland. Journal of Animal Ecology 33, 485-512.
16. Engelhard, G. H., van den Hoff, J., Broekman, M., Baarspul, A. N. J., Field, I., Burton, H. R., and Reijnders, P. J. H. (2001). Mass of weaned elephant seal pups in areas of low and high human presence. Polar Biology 24, 244-251.
17. Fedak, M. A., Arnbom, T. A., and Boyd, I. L. (1996). The relation between the size of southern elephant seal mothers, the growth of their pups and the use of maternal energy, fat and protein during lactation. Physiological Zoology 69, 887-911.
18. Galimberti, F., and Boitani, L. (1999). Demography and breeding biology of a small, localized population of southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Marine Mammal Science 15, 159-178.
19. Gelatt, T. S., Davis, C. S., Siniff, D. B., and Strobeck, C. (2001). Molecular evidence for twinning in Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii). Journal of Mammalogy 82, 491-499.
20. Hindell, M. A., and Slip, D. J. (1997). The importance of being fat: maternal expenditure in the southern elephant seal Mirounga leonina. In 'Marine Mammal Research in the Southern Hemisphere. Volume 1: Status, Ecology and Medicine'. (Eds M. Hindell and C. Kemper.) pp. 72-77. (Surrey Beatty: Sydney.)
21. Hindell, M. A., Burton, H. R., and Slip, D. J. (1991). Foraging areas of southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, as inferred from water temperature data. Australian Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 42 115-128.
22. Hindell, M. A., Bryden, M. M., and Burton, H. R. (1994). Early growth and milk composition in southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina). Australian Journal of Zoology 42, 723-732.
23. King, J. E. (1983). 'Seals of the World.' (British Museum (Natural History) & Oxford University Press: Oxford.)
24. Laws, R. M. (1953). The elephant seal (Mirounga leonina Linn.). I. Growth and age. Falkland Island Dependency Survey, Scientific Report No. 8, 62 pp.
25. Laws, R. M. (1956). The elephant seal (Mirounga leonina Lin.). II. General, social and reproductive behaviour. Falkland Island Dependency Survey, Scientific Report No. 13, 88 pp.
26. Lycett, J. E., Henzi, S. P., and Barrett, L. (1998). Maternal investment in mountain baboons and the hypothesis of reduced care. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology 42, 49-56.
27. McConnell, B. J., Chambers, C., and Fedak, M. A. (1992). Foraging ecology of southern elephant seals in relation to bathymetry and productivity of the Southern Ocean. Antarctic Science 4, 393-398.
28. McMahon, C. R., and Campbell, D. (2000). Southern elephant seals breeding at Peterson Island, Antarctica. Polar Record 36, 51.
29. McMahon, C. R., van den Hoff, J., Burton, H. R., and Davis, P. D. (1997). Evidence for precocious development in female pups of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, at Macquarie Island. In 'Marine Mammal Research in the Southern Hemisphere. Volume 1: Status, Ecology and Medicine'. (Eds M. Hindell and C. Kemper.) pp. 92-96. (Surrey Beatty: Sydney.)
30. McMahon, C. R., Burton, H. R., and Bester, M. N. (2000). Weaning mass and the future survival of juvenile southern elephant seals, Mirounga leonina, at Macquarie Island. Antarctic Science 12, 149-153.
31. Oftedal, O. T. (2000). Use of maternal reserves as a lactation strategy in large mammals. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 59, 99-106.
32. Oftedal, O. T., Bonnes, D. J., and Tedman, R. A. (1987). The behaviour, physiology and anatomy of lactation in the Pinnipedia. Current Mammalogy 1, 175-245.
33. Pomeroy, P. P., Fedak, M. A., Rothery, P, and Anderson, S. (1999). Consequences of maternal size for reproductive expenditure and pupping success of grey seals at North Rhona, Scotland. Journal of Animal Ecology 68, 235-253.
34. Reiter, J., Panken, K. J., and LeBoeuf, B. J. (1981). Female competition and the reproductive success in northern elephant seals. Animal Behaviour 29, 670-687.
35. Riedman, M. (1990). 'The Pinnipeds: Seals, Sea Lions and Walruses.' (University of California Press: Berkeley.)
36. Scheffer, V. B. (1967). Standard measurements of seals. Journal of Mammalogy 48, 459-462.
37. Spotte, S. (1982). The incidence of twins in pinnipeds. Canadian Journal of Zoology 60, 2226-2233.
38. Stirling, L. (1975). Adoptive suckling in pinnipeds. Journal of the Australian Mammal Society 1, 389-391.