Perspectives on diabetic retinopathy

American Journal of Ophthalmology

Volumn 136, Issue 1, 2003, Pages 122-135

  Aiello, Lloyd M ^a,b  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b JOSLIN DIABETES CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALDOSE REDUCTASE INHIBITOR; ANGIOGENESIS INHIBITOR; ANTIHISTAMINIC AGENT; ANTIOXIDANT; APTAMER; ENDOSTATIN; HORMONE INHIBITOR; METALLOPROTEINASE; NEUROPROTECTIVE AGENT; PROTEIN KINASE C INHIBITOR; RIBOZYME;

ADOPTIVE IMMUNOTHERAPY; BLEEDING; BLINDNESS; CHOROID DETACHMENT; CLINICAL PRACTICE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COLOR VISION DEFECT; CORNEA DISEASE; DIABETES MELLITUS; DIABETIC RETINOPATHY; DISEASE COURSE; EARLY DIAGNOSIS; FOLLOW UP; FUTUROLOGY; GENE THERAPY; GLAUCOMA; HUMAN; IRIS DISEASE; LASER COAGULATION; LENS DISEASE; NIGHT BLINDNESS; OPHTHALMOPLEGIA; PATIENT CARE; PHILOSOPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROPHYLAXIS; PROSTHESIS; RETINA DETACHMENT; RETINA MACULA EDEMA; REVIEW; RISK FACTOR; STEM CELL; TELECOMMUNICATION; TREATMENT INDICATION;

EID: 0038016408     PISSN: 00029394     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0002-9394(03)00219-8     Document Type: Article

References (99)

1. Banting F.G., Best C.H., Collip J.B., Campbell W.R., Fletcher A.A. Pancreatic extracts in the treatment of diabetes mellitus preliminary report. 1922 . Can Med Assoc J. 145:1991;1281-1286.
2. Banting F.G., Best C.H. Pancreatic extracts. 1922. J Lab Clin Med. 115:1990;254-272.
3. Joslin E.P. The treatment of diabetes mellitus: with observations based upon three thousand cases. 1923;Lea and Febeiger, Philadelphia.
4. Waite J.H., Beetham W.P. The visual mechanism in diabetes mellitus a comparative study of 2002 diabetics and 457 non-diabetics for control . N Engl J Med. 212:1935;367-443.
5. Goldberg M.F., Fine S.L. Symposium on the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Publication no 1890 ed. 1968;US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Arlington, VA.
6. Aiello L.M., Beetham W.P., Balodimos M.C., Chazan B.I., Bradley R.F. Ruby laser photocoagulation in treatment of diabetic proliferating retinopathy: preliminary report. Goldberg M.F., Fine S.L. Symposium on the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Publication no 1890 ed. 1968;437-463 US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Arlington VA.
7. Beetham W.P., Aiello L.M., Balodimos M.C., Koncz L. Ruby-laser photocoagulation of early diabetic neovascular retinopathy preliminary report of a long-term controlled study . Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 67:1969;39-67.
8. Beetham W.P., Aiello L.M., Balodimos M.C., Koncz L. Ruby laser photocoagulation of early diabetic neovascular retinopathy. Preliminary report of a long-term controlled study. Arch Ophthalmol. 83:1970;261-272.
9. Davis M.D., Norton W.D., Myers F.L. Airlie classification of diabetic retinopathy. Goldberg M.F., Fine S.L. Symposium on the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Publication no 1890 ed. 1968;7-22 US Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Arlington VA.
10. Report number 6 design, methods, and baseline results. Report number 7: a modification of the Airlie House classification of diabetic retinopathy . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 21:1981;1-226.
11. Grading diabetic retinopathy from stereoscopic color fundus photographs - an extension of the modified Airlie House classification. ETDRS Report Number 10. Ophthalmology. 98:(Suppl):1991;786-806.
12. Preliminary report on effects of photocoagulation therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 81:1976;383-396.
13. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy the second report of Diabetic Retinopathy Study findings . Ophthalmology. 85:1978;82-106.
14. Four risk factors for severe visual loss in diabetic retinopathy. The third report from the Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Arch Ophthalmol. 97:1979;654-655.
15. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy relationship of adverse treatment effects to retinopathy severity. Diabetic Retinopathy Study report no. 5 . Dev Ophthalmol. 2:1981;248-261.
16. Photocoagulation treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Clinical application of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) findings, DRS report number 8. Ophthalmology. 88:1981;583-600.
17. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 1. Arch Ophthalmol. 103:1985;1796-1806.
18. Treatment techniques and clinical guidelines for photocoagulation of diabetic macular edema. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 2. Ophthalmology. 94:1987;761-774.
19. Techniques for scatter and local photocoagulation treatment of diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report no. 3. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 27:1987;254-264.
20. Photocoagulation for diabetic macular edema Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report no. 4 . Int Ophthalmol Clin. 27:1987;265-272.
21. Case reports to accompany Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study reports 3 and 4. Int Ophthalmol Clin. 27:1987;273-333.
22. Kinyoun J., Barton F., Fisher M., Hubbard L., Aiello L., Ferris F. III. Detection of diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmoscopy versus photography - Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 5. Ophthalmology. 96:1989;746-750.
23. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study design and baseline patient characteristics. ETDRS report number 7. Ophthalmology. 98:(Suppl):1991;741-756.
24. Effects of aspirin treatment on diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 8. Ophthalmology. 98:(Suppl):1991;757-765.
25. Early photocoagulation for diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 9. Ophthalmology. 98:(Suppl):1991;766-785.
26. Classification of diabetic retinopathy from fluorescein angiograms. ETDRS report number 11. Ophthalmology. 98:(Suppl):1991;807-822.
27. Fundus photographic risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 12. Ophthalmology. 98:(Suppl):1991;823-833.
28. Fluorescein angiographic risk factors for progression of diabetic retinopathy. ETDRS report number 13. Ophthalmology. 98:(Suppl):1991;834-840.
29. Aspirin effects on mortality and morbidity in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report 14. JAMA. 268:1992;1292-1300.
30. Fong D.S., Barton F.B., Bresnick G.H. Impaired color vision associated with diabetic retinopathy Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report no. 15 . Am J Ophthalmol. 128:1999;612-617.
31. Chew E.Y., Williams G.A., Burton T.C., Barton F.B., Remaley N.A., Ferris F.L. III. Aspirin effects on the development of cataracts in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report 16. Arch Ophthalmol. 110:1992;339-342.
32. Flynn H.W. Jr, Chew E.Y., Simons B.D., Barton F.B., Remaley N.A., Ferris F.L. III. Pars plana vitrectomy in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. ETDRS report number 17. Ophthalmology. 99:1992;1351-1357.
33. Davis M.D., Fisher M.R., Gangnon R.E., et al. Risk factors for high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy and severe visual loss Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report 18 . Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 39:1998;233-252.
34. Focal photocoagulation treatment of diabetic macular edema. Relationship of treatment effect to fluorescein angiographic and other retinal characteristics at baseline ETDRS report no. 19 . Arch Ophthalmol. 113:1995;1144-1155.
35. Chew E.Y., Klein M.L., Murphy R.P., Remaley N.A., Ferris F.L. III. Effects of aspirin on vitreous/preretinal hemorrhage in patients with diabetes mellitus. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report no. 20. Arch Ophthalmol. 113:1995;52-55.
36. Chew E.Y., Klein M.L., Ferris F.L. III, et al. Association of elevated serum lipid levels with retinal hard exudate in diabetic retinopathy. Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) report 22. Arch Ophthalmol. 114:1996;1079-1084.
37. Fong D.S., Segal P.P., Myers F., Ferris F.L., Hubbard L.D., Davis M.D. Subretinal fibrosis in diabetic macular edema. ETDRS report 23. Arch Ophthalmol. 115:1997;873-877.
38. Fong D.S., Ferris F.L. III, Davis M.D., Chew E.Y. Causes of severe visual loss in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study ETDRS report no. 24 . Am J Ophthalmol. 127:1999;137-141.
39. Chew E.Y., Benson W.E., Remaley N.A., et al. Results after lens extraction in patients with diabetic retinopathy Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study report number 25 . Arch Ophthalmol. 117:1999;1600-1606.
40. Two-year course of visual acuity in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy with conventional management. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study (DRVS) report 1. Ophthalmology. 92:1985;492-502.
41. Early vitrectomy for severe vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy. Two-year results of a randomized trial. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study report 2. Ophthalmology. 103:1985;1644-1652.
42. Early vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy in eyes with useful vision. Clinical application of results of a randomized trial. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study report 4. Ophthalmology. 95:1988;1321-1334.
43. Early vitrectomy for severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy in eyes with useful vision. Results of a randomized trial. Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study report 3. Ophthalmology. 95:1988;1307-1320.
44. Early vitrectomy for severe vitreous hemorrhage in diabetic retinopathy. Four-year results of a randomized trial Diabetic Retinopathy Vitrectomy Study report 5 . Arch Ophthalmol. 108:1990;958-964.
45. The relationship of glycemic exposure (HbA1c) to the risk of development and progression of retinopathy in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes. 44:1995;968-983.
46. Progression of retinopathy with intensive versus conventional treatment in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Ophthalmology. 102:1995;647-661.
47. Lifetime benefits and costs of intensive therapy as practiced in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. JAMA. 276:1996;1409-1415.
48. The effect of intensive diabetes treatment on the progression of diabetic retinopathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Arch Ophthalmol. 113:1995;36-51.
49. The absence of a glycemic threshold for the development of long-term complications the perspective of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial . Diabetes. 45:1996;1289-1298.
50. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. N Engl J Med. 342:2000;381-389.
51. Design, implementation, and preliminary results of a long-term follow-up of the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Cohort. Diabetes Care. 22:1999;99-111.
52. Retinopathy and nephropathy in patients with type 1 diabetes four years after a trial of intensive therapy. Am J Ophthalmol. 129:2000;704-705.
53. UK Prospective Diabetes Study Group. Tight blood pressure control and risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes: UKPDS 38. BMJ 9-12-1998;317(7160):703-13.
54. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 352:1998;837-853.
55. Efficacy of atenolol and captopril in reducing risk of macrovascular and microvascular complications in type 2 diabetes UKPDS 39 . BMJ. 317:1998;713-720.
56. Kohner E.M., Stratton I.M., Aldington S.J., Holman R.R., Matthews D.R. Relationship between the severity of retinopathy and progression to photocoagulation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the UKPDS (UKPDS 52). Diabet Med. 18:2001;178-184.
57. Kohner E.M., Aldington S.J., Stratton I.M., et al. United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study, 30 diabetic retinopathy at diagnosis of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors . Arch Ophthalmol. 116:1998;297-303.
58. Ferris F. Early photocoagulation in patients with either type I or type II diabetes. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 94:1996;505-537.
59. Stefansson E., Machemer R., de Juan E. Jr, McCuen B.W., Peterson J. Retinal oxygenation and laser treatment in patients with diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 113:1992;36-38.
60. Frank R.N. On the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 91:1984;626-634.
61. Niki T., Muraoka K., Shimizu K. Distribution of capillary nonperfusion in early-stage diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 91:1984;1431-1439.
62. Shimizu K., Kobayashi Y., Muraoka K. Midperipheral fundus involvement in diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 88:1981;601-612.
63. Klein R., Klein B.E., Moss S.E., Davis M.D., DeMets D.L. Glycosylated hemoglobin predicts the incidence and progression of diabetic retinopathy. JAMA. 260:1988;2864-2871.
64. Cruickshanks K.J., Ritter L.L., Klein R., Moss S.E. The association of microalbuminuria with diabetic retinopathy. The Wisconsin Epidemiologic Study of Diabetic Retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 100:1993;862-867.
65. Klein B.E., Moss S.E., Klein R. Effect of pregnancy on progression of diabetic retinopathy. Diabetes Care. 13:1990;34-40.
66. Axer-Siegel R., Hod M., Fink-Cohen S., et al. Diabetic retinopathy during pregnancy. Ophthalmology. 103:1996;1815-1819.
67. Chew E.Y., Mills J.L., Metzger B.E., et al. Metabolic control and progression of retinopathy. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Diabetes in Early Pregnancy Study. Diabetes Care. 18:1995;631-637.
68. Airaksinen K.E., Salmela P.I., Miettinen R.U., Ikaheimo M.J., Takkunen J.T. Effect of coronary artery bypass surgery on autonomic nervous function and retinopathy in diabetic patients. Diabetes Res. 14:1990;149-150.
69. Horowitz M., O'Donovan D., Jones K.L., Feinle C., Rayner C.K., Samsom M. Gastric emptying in diabetes clinical significance and treatment . Diabet Med. 19:2002;177-194.
70. Kong M.F., Horowitz M. Gastric emptying in diabetes mellitus relationship to blood-glucose control . Clin Geriatr Med. 15:1999;321-338.
71. Early worsening of diabetic retinopathy in the diabetes control and complications trial. Arch Ophthalmol. 116:1998;874-886.
72. Bursell S.E., Clermont A.C., Aiello L.P., et al. High-dose vitamin E supplementation normalizes retinal blood flow and creatinine clearance in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 22:1999;1245-1251.
73. Aiello L.M., Cavallerano J., Cavallerano A., Bursell S. The Joslin Vision Network (JVN) innovative telemedicine care for diabetes . Ophthalmol Clin North Am. 13:2000;213-224.
74. Bursell S.E., Cavallerano J.D., Cavallerano A.A., et al. Stereo nonmydriatic digital-video color retinal imaging compared wth Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study seven standard field 35-mm stereo color photos for determining level of diabetic retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 108:2001;572-585.
75. Cavallerano A.A., Cavallerano J.D., Katalinic P., Tolson A.M., Aiello L.P., Aiello L.M. Use of Joslin Vision Network digital-video non-mydriatic retinal imaging to assess diabetic retinopathy in a clinical program. Retina. 23:2003;215-223.
76. Michaelson I.C. The mode of development of the vascular system of the retina, with some oservations on its significance for certain retinal diseases. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc. 68:1948;137-180.
77. Suzuma K., Naruse K., Suzuma I., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor induces expression of connective tissue growth factor via KDR, Flt1, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-Akt-dependent pathways in retinal vascular cells. J Biol Chem. 275:2000;40725-40731.
78. Miller J.W., Adamis A.P., Shima D.T., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor is temporally and spatially correlated with ocular angiogenesis in a primate model. Am J Pathol. 145:1994;574-584.
79. Pierce E.A., Avery R.L., Foley E.D., Aiello L.P., Smith L.E. Vascular endothelial growth factor/vascular permeability factor expression in a mouse model of retinal neovascularization. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92:1995;905-909.
80. Donahue M.L., Phelps D.L., Watkins R.H., LoMonaco M.B., Horowitz S. Retinal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) MRNA expression is altered in relation to neovascularization in oxygen induced retinopathy. Curr Eye Res. 15:1996;175-184.
81. Stone J., Chan-Ling T., Pe'er J., Itin A., Gnessin H., Keshet E. Roles of vascular endothelial growth factor and astrocyte degeneration in the genesis of retinopathy of prematurity. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 37:1996;290-299.
82. Dorey C.K., Aouididi S., Reynaud X., Dvorak H.F., Brown L.F. Correlation of vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor with extraretinal neovascularization in the rat. Arch Ophthalmol. 114:1996;1210-1217.
83. Aiello L.P., Wong J.S. Role of vascular endothelial growth factor in diabetic vascular complications. Kidney Int. 77:(Suppl):2000;S113-S119.
84. Aiello L.P., Bursell S.E., Clermont A., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor-induced retinal permeability is mediated by protein kinase C in vivo and suppressed by an orally effective beta-isoform-selective inhibitor. Diabetes. 46:1997;1473-1480.
85. Aiello L.P., Avery R.L., Arrigg P.G., et al. Vascular endothelial growth factor in ocular fluid of patients with diabetic retinopathy and other retinal disorders. N Engl J Med. 331:1994;1480-1487.
86. Adamis A.P., Miller J.W., Bernal M.T., et al. Increased vascular endothelial growth factor levels in the vitreous of eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Am J Ophthalmol. 118:1994;445-450.
87. Pe'er J, Folberg R, Itin A, Gnessin H, Hemo I, Keshet E. Upregulated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. 2003; forthcoming.
88. Malecaze F., Clamens S., Simorre-Pinatel V., et al. Detection of vascular endothelial growth factor messenger RNA and vascular endothelial growth factor-like activity in proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Arch Ophthalmol. 112:1994;1476-1482.
89. Adamis A.P., Shima D.T., Tolentino M.J., et al. Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor prevents retinal ischemia-associated iris neovascularization in a nonhuman primate. Arch Ophthalmol. 114:1996;66-71.
90. Aiello L.P., Pierce E.A., Foley E.D., et al. Suppression of retinal neovascularization in vivo by inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) using soluble VEGF-receptor chimeric proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 92:1995;10457-10461.
91. Ozaki H., Seo M.S., Ozaki K., et al. Blockade of vascular endothelial cell growth factor receptor signaling is sufficient to completely prevent retinal neovascularization. Am J Pathol. 156:2000;697-707.
92. Danis R.P., Bingaman D.P., Jirousek M., Yang Y. Inhibition of intraocular neovascularization caused by retinal ischemia in pigs by PKC-beta inhibition with LY333531. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 39:1998;171-179.
93. Ishii H., Jirousek M.R., Koya D., et al. Amelioration of vascular dysfunctions in diabetic rats by an oral PKC beta inhibitor. Science. 272:1996;728-731.
94. Dawson D.W., Volpert O.V., Gillis P., et al. Pigment epithelium-derived factor a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis . Science. 285:1999;245-248.
95. Jonas J.B., Kreissig I., Sofker A., Degenring R.F. Intravitreal injection of triamcinolone for diffuse diabetic macular edema. Arch Ophthalmol. 121:2003;57-61.
96. Martidis A., Duker J.S., Greenberg P.B., et al. Intravitreal triamcinolone for refractory diabetic macular edema. Ophthalmology. 109:2002;920-927.
97. Pender P.M., Benson W.E., Compton H., Cox G.B. The effects of panretinal photocoagulation on dark adaptation in diabetics with proliferative retinopathy. Ophthalmology. 88:1981;635-668.
98. Braun C.I., Benson W.E., Remaley N.A., Chew E.Y., Ferris F.L. III. Accommodative amplitudes in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study. Retina. 15:1995;275-281.
99. Rogell G.D. Internal ophthalmoplegia after argon laser panretinal photocoagulation. Arch Ophthalmol. 97:1979;904-905.