Extragonadal synthesis of sex steroids: Intracrinology

Annales d'Endocrinologie

Volumn 64, Issue 2, 2003, Pages 95-107

  Labrie, F ^a  

^a LAVAL UNIVERSITY   (Canada)

Author keywords

Androgens; Estrogens; Peripheral target tissues

Indexed keywords

ANDROGEN; ANTIESTROGEN; AROMATASE INHIBITOR; ESTROGEN; PRASTERONE; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR; SEX HORMONE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BREAST CANCER; CONFERENCE PAPER; FEMALE; HORMONE RELEASE; HORMONE SUBSTITUTION; HORMONE SYNTHESIS; HUMAN; OSTEOPOROSIS; OVARY CANCER; POSTMENOPAUSE; STEROIDOGENESIS; UTERUS CANCER;

ADULT; AGED; CYTOCHROME P-450 ENZYME SYSTEM; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE; DEHYDROEPIANDROSTERONE SULFATE; ESTROGEN ANTAGONISTS; ESTROGEN REPLACEMENT THERAPY; FEMALE; GONADAL STEROID HORMONES; HUMANS; MALE; MENOPAUSE; MIDDLE AGED; OVARY; SELECTIVE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS; TESTIS;

EID: 0037989013     PISSN: 00034266     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (89)

1. Labrie F., Intracrinology. Mol. Cell. Endocrinol., 1991; 78: p. C113-C118.
2. Labrie F., A. Bélanger, J. Simard, V. Luu-The and C. Labrie, DHEA and peripheral androgen and estrogen formation: Intracrinology. Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci., 1995; 774: p. 16-28.
3. Labrie F., V. Luu-The, S.X. Lin, C. Labrie, J. Simard, R. Breton and A. Bélanger, The key role of 17β-HSDs in sex steroid biology. Steroids, 1997; 62: p. 148-158.
4. Labrie F., J. Simard, V. Luu-The, A. Bélanger, G. Pelletier, Y. Morel, F. Mebarki, R. Sanchez, F. Durocher, C. Turgeon, Y. Labrie, E. Rhéaume, C. Labrie, and Y. Lachance, The 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/isomerase gene family: lessons from type II 3β-HSD congenital deficiency, in Signal Transduction in Testicular Cells. Ernst Schering Research Foundation Workshop, V. Hansson, F.O. Levy, and K. Taskén, Editors. 1996, Springer-Verlag: Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. p. 185-218.
5. Labrie F., V. Luu-The, S.-X. Lin, J. Simard, C. Labrie, M. El-Alfy, G. Pelletier and A. Bélanger, Intracrinology: role of the family of 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in human physiology and disease. J. Mol. Endocrinol., 2000; 25(1): p. 1-16.
6. Labrie F., V. Luu-The, C. Labrie and J. Simard, DHEA and its transformation into androgens and estrogens in peripheral target tissues: intracrinology. Front Neuroendocrinol, 2001; 22(3): p. 185-212.
7. Migeon C.J., A.R. Keller, B. Lawrence and T.H. Shepart II, Dehydroepiandrosterone and androsterone levels in human plasma. Effect of age and sex: day-to-day and diurnal variations. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1957; 17: p. 1051-1062.
8. Vermeulen A., J.P. Deslypene, W. Schelfhout, L. Verdonck and R. Rubens, Adrenocortical function in old age: response to acute adrenocorticotropin stimulation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1982; 54: p. 187-191.
9. Orentreich N., J.L. Brind, R.L. Rizer and J.H. Vogelman, Age changes and sex differences in serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate concentrations throughout adulthood. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1984; 59: p. 551-555.
10. Bélanger A., B. Candas, A. Dupont, L. Cusan, P. Diamond, J.L. Gomez and F. Labrie, Changes in serum concentrations of conjugated and unconjugated steroids in 40- to 80-year-old men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1994; 79: p. 1086-1090.
11. Vermeulen A. and L. Verdonck, Radioimmunoassays of 17β- hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one, 4-androstene-3,17-dione, dehydroepiandrosterone, 17β-hydroxyprogesterone and progesterone and its application to human male plasma. J. Steroid Biochem., 1976; 7: p. 1-10.
12. Labrie F., A. Bélanger, L. Cusan, J.L. Gomez and B. Candas, Marked decline in serum concentrations of adrenal C19 sex steroid precursors and conjugated androgen metabolites during aging. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1997; 82: p. 2396-2402.
13. Schriock E.D., C.K. Buffington, G.D. Hubert, B.R. Kurtz, A.E. Kitabchi, J.E. Buster and J.R. Givens, Divergent correlations of circulating dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and testosterone with insulin levels and insulin receptor binding. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1988; 66: p. 1329-1331.
14. Coleman D.L., E.H. Leiter and R.W. Schwizer, Therapeutic effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) in diabetic mice. Diabetes, 1982; 31: p. 830-833.
15. Nestler J.E., C.O. Barlascini, J.N. Clore and W.G. Blackard, Dehydroepiandrosterone reduces serum low density lipoprotein levels and body fat but does not alter insulin sensitivity in normal men. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1988; 66: p. 57-61.
16. MacEwen E.G. and I.D. Kurzman, Obesity in the dog: role of the adrenal steroid dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). J. Nutr., 1991; 121: p. S51-S55.
17. Tchernof A., J.P. Després, A. Bélanger, A. Dupont, D. Prud'homme, S. Moorjani, P.J. Lupien and F. Labrie, Reduced testosterone and adrenal C19 steroid levels in obese men. Metabolism, 1995; 44: p. 513-519.
18. Baulieu E.E., G. Thomas, S. Legrain, N. Lahlou, M. Roger, B. Debuire, V. Faucounau, L. Girard, M.P. Hervy, F. Latour, M.C. Leaud, A. Mokrane, H. Pitti-Ferrandi, C. Trivalle, O. de Lacharriere, S. Nouveau, B. Rakoto-Arison, J.C. Souberbielle, J. Raison, Y. Le Bouc, A. Raynaud, X. Girerd, and F. Forette, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), DHEA sulfate, and aging: contribution of the DHEAge Study to a sociobiomedical issue. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 2000; 97(8): p. 4279-4284.
19. Morales A.J., J.J. Nolan, J.C. Nelson and S.S. Yen, Effects of replacement dose of dehydroepiandrosterone in men and women of advancing age. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1994; 78: p. 1360-1367.
20. Diamond P., L. Cusan, J.L. Gomez, A. Bélanger and F. Labrie, Metabolic effects of 12-month percutaneous DHEA replacement therapy in postmenopausal women. J. Endocrinol., 1996; 150: p. S43-S50.
21. Labrie F., P. Diamond, L. Cusan, J.L. Gomez and A. Bélanger, Effect of 12-month DHEA replacement therapy on bone, vaginum, and endometrium in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1997; 82: p. 3498-3505.
22. Labrie F., A. Dupont and A. Bélanger, Complete androgen blockade for the treatment of prostate cancer, in Important Advances in Oncology, V.T. de Vita, S. Hellman, and S.A. Rosenberg, Editors. 1985, J.B. Lippincott: Philadelphia. p. 193-217.
23. Labrie F., A. Belanger, L. Cusan and B. Candas, Physiological changes in dehydroepiandrosterone are not reflected by serum levels of active androgens and estrogens but of their metabolites: intracrinology. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 1997; 82(8): p. 2403-9.
24. Labrie C., A. Bélanger and F. Labrie, Androgenic activity of dehydroepiandrosterone and androstenedione in the rat ventral prostate. Endocrinology, 1988; 123: p. 1412-1417.
25. Bélanger B., A. Bélanger, F. Labrie, A. Dupont, L. Cusan and G. Monfette, Comparison of residual C-19 steroids in plasma and prostatic tissue of human, rat and guinea pig after castration: unique importance of extratesticular androgens in men. J. Steroid Biochem., 1989; 32: p. 695-698.
26. Buzdar A.U., R. Smith, C. Vogel, P. Bonomi, A.M. Keller, G. Favis, M. Mulagha and J. Cooper, Fadrozole HCL (CGS-16949A) versus megestrol acetate treatment of post-menopausal patients with metastatic breast carcinoma: results of 2 randomized double-blind controlled multiinstitutional trials. Cancer, 1996; 77: p. 2503-2513.
27. Cummings S.R., S. Eckert, K.A. Krueger, D. Grady, T.J. Powles, J.A. Cauley, L. Norton, T. Nickelsen, N.H. Bjarnason, M. Morrow, M.E. Lippman, D. Black, J.E. Glusman, A. Costa, and V.C. Jordan, The effect of raloxifene on risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women: results from the MORE randomized trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation. JAMA, 1999; 281(23): p. 2189-2197.
28. Labrie F., Y. Sugimoto, V. Luu-The, J. Simard, Y. Lachance, D. Bachvarov, G. Leblanc, F. Durocher and N. Paquet, Structure of human type II 5 alpha-reductase gene. Endocrinology, 1992; 131(3): p. 1571-3.
29. Labrie F., J. Simard, V. Luu-The, A. Bélanger and G. Pelletier, Structure, function and tissue-specific gene expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/5-ene-4-ene isomerase enzymes in classical and peripheral intracrine steroidogenic tissues. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 1992; 43: p. 805-826.
30. Luu-The V., Y. Zhang, D. Poirier and F. Labrie, Characteristics of human types 1, 2 and 3 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activities: oxidation-reduction and inhibition. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 1995; 55: p. 581-587.
31. Labrie Y., F. Durocher, Y. Lachance, C. Turgeon, J. Simard, C. Labrie and F. Labrie, The human type II 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene encodes two alternatively-spliced messenger RNA species. DNA Cell Biol., 1995; 14: p. 849-861.
32. Bélanger A., M. Brochu and J. Cliche, Levels of plasma steroid glucuronides in intact and castrated men with prostatic cancer. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1986; 62: p. 812-815.
33. Labrie F., A. Bélanger, A. Dupont, V. Luu-The, J. Simard and C. Labrie, Science behind total androgen blockade: from gene to combination therapy. Clin. Invest. Med., 1993; 16: p. 475-492.
34. Labrie F., J. Simard, V. Luu-The, G. Pelletier, K. Belghmi and A. Belanger, Structure, regulation and role of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase and aromatase enzymes in formation of sex steroids in classical and peripheral intracrine tissues, in Hormone, Enzymes and Receptors, M.C. Sheppard and P.M. Stewart, Editors. 1994, Baillière's Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Baillière Tindall Ltd.: London. p. 451-474.
35. Pelletier G., E. Dupont, J. Simard, V. Luu-The, A. Bélanger and F. Labrie, Ontogeny and subcellular localization of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) in the human and rat adrenal, ovary and testis. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 1992; 43: p. 451-467.
36. Christiansen, C., M.S. Christensen, N.E. Larsen and I.B. Transbol, Pathophysiological mechanisms of estrogen effect on bone metabolism. Dose-response relationships in early post- menopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1982; 55: p. 1124-1130.
37. Horwitz K.B., The molecular biology of RU486. Is there a role for antiprogestins in the treatment of breast cancer? Endocr. Rev., 1992; 13: p. 146-163.
38. Musgrove E.S., C.S. Lee and R.L. Sutherland, Progestins both stimulate and inhibit breast cancer cell cycle progression while increasing expression of transforming growth factor alpha, epidermal growth factor receptor, c-fos, and c-myc genes. Mol. Cell. Biol., 1991; 11: p. 5032-5043.
39. Clarke C.L. and R.L. Sutherland, Progestin regulation of cellular proliferation. Endocr. Rev., 1990; 11: p. 266-301.
40. Colditz G.A., S.E. Hankinson, D.J. Hunter, W.C. Willett, J.E. Manson, M.J. Stampfer, C. Hennekens, B. Rosner and F.E. Speizer, The use of estrogens and progestins and the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. N. Engl. J. Med., 1995; 332: p. 1589-1593.
41. Ross R.K., A. Paganini-Hill, P.C. Wan and M.C. Pike, Effect of hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk: estrogen versus estrogen plus progestin. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 2000; 92(4): p. 328-332.
42. Schairer C., J. Lubin, R. Troisi, S. Sturgeon, L. Brinton and R. Hoover, Menopausal estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement therapy and breast cancer risk. JAMA, 2000; 283(4): p. 485-491.
43. Women's Health Initiative, Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women. JAMA, 2002; 288: p. 321-333.
44. Lomax P. and E. Schonbaum, Postmenopausal hot flushes and their management. Pharmacol. Ther., 1993; 57(2-3): p. 347-358.
45. Greendale G.A. and H.L. Judd, The menopause: health implications and clinical management. J. Am. Geriatr. Soc., 1993; 41(4): p. 426-436.
46. Grady, D., S.M. Rubin, D.B. Petitti, C.S. Fox, D. Black, B. Ettinger, V.L. Ernster and S.R. Cummings, Hormone therapy to prevent disease and prolong life in postmenopausal women. Ann. Intern. Med., 1992; 117(12): p. 1016-1037.
47. Lobo R.A., Clinical review 27: Effects of hormonal replacement on lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1991; 73(5): p. 925-930.
48. Harris S.T., H.K. Genant, D.J. Baylink, J.C. Gallagher, S.K. Karp, M.A. McConnell, E.M. Green and R.W. Stoll, The effects of estrone (Ogen) on spinal bone density of postmenopausal women. Arch. Intern. Med., 1991; 151(10): p. 1980-1984.
49. Stampfer M.J., G.A. Colditz, W.C. Willett, J.E. Manson, B. Rosner, F.E. Speizer and C.H. Hennekens, Postmenopausal estrogen therapy and cardiovascular disease. Ten year follow up from the nurses' health study. N. Engl. J. Med., 1991; 325(11): p. 756-762.
50. Barrett-Connor E. and T.L. Bush, Estrogen and coronary heart disease in women. JAMA, 1991; 265(14): p. 1861-1867.
51. Lindsay R., Hormone replacement therapy for prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Am. J. Med., 1993; 95(5a): p. 37S-39S.
52. Field C.S., S.J. Ory, H.W. Wahner, R.R. Herrmann, H.L. Judd and B.L. Riggs, Preventive effects of transdermal 17-beta estradiol on osteoporotic changes after surgical menopause: a two year placebo controlled trial. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1993; 168(1 Pt 1): p. 114-121.
53. Labrie F., J. Simard, V. Luu-The, G. Pelletier, A. Bélanger, Y. Lachance, H.F. Zhao, C. Labrie, N. Breton, Y. de Launoit, M. Dumont, E. Dupont, E. Rhéaume, C. Martel, J. Couet, and C. Trudel, Structure and tissue-specific expression of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/5-ene-4-ene isomerase genes in human and rat classical and peripheral steroidogenic tissues. J. Steroid Biochem. Mol. Biol., 1992; 41: p. 421-435.
54. Luu-The V., I. Dufort, N. Paquet, G. Reimnitz and F. Labrie, Structural characterization and expression of the human dehydroepiandrosterone sulfotransferase gene. DNA Cell Biol., 1995; 14: p. 511-518.
55. Labrie F., A. Bélanger, L. Cusan and B. Candas, Physiological changes in dehydroepiandrosterone are not reflected by serum levels of active androgens and estrogens but of their metabolites: intracrinology. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1997; 82(8): p. 2403-2409.
56. Martel C. and F. Labrie. Important androgenic component in the stimulatory effect of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) on bone density in the rat. in 8th International Congress on the Menopause. 1996; Sydney, Australia.
57. Zumoff B., J. Levin, R.S. Rosenfeld, M. Markham, G.W. Strain and D.K. Fukushima, Abnormal 24-hr mean plasma concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroisoandrosterone sulfate in women with primary operable breast cancer. Cancer Res., 1981; 41: p. 3360-3363.
58. Schwartz A.G., L. Pashko and J.M. Whitcomb, Inhibition of tumor development by dehydroepiandrosterone and related steroids. Toxicol. Pathol., 1986; 14: p. 357-362.
59. Gordon G.B., L.M. Shantz and P. Talalay, Modulation of growth, differentiation and carcinogenesis by dehydroepiandrosterone. Adv. Enzyme Regul., 1987; 26: p. 355-382.
60. Li S., X. Yan, A. Bélanger and F. Labrie, Prevention by dehydroepiandrosterone of the development of mammary carcinoma induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) in the rat. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 1993; 29: p. 203-217.
61. Suzuki T., N. Suzuki, R.A. Daynes and E.G. Engleman, Dehydroepiandrosterone enhances IL2 production and cytotoxic effector function of human T cells. Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol., 1991; 61: p. 202-211.
62. Rasmussen K.R., M.J. Arrowood and M.C. Healey, Effectiveness of dehydroepiandrosterone in reduction of cryptosporidial activity in immunosuppressed rats. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 1992; 36: p. 220-222.
63. Henderson E., J.Y. Yang and A. Schwartz, Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and sysnthetic DHEA analogs are modest inhibitors of HIV-1 IIIB replication. Aids Res. Hum. Retroviruses, 1992; 8: p. 625-631.
64. Casson P.R., R.N. Andersen, H.G. Herrod, F.B. Stentz, A.B. Straughn, G.E. Abraham and J.E. Buster, Oral dehydroepiandrosterone in physiologic doses modulates immune function in postmenopausal women. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 1993; 169: p. 1536-1539.
65. Johnston Jr C.C. and S. Epstein, Clinical, biochemical, radiographic, epidemiologic, and economic features of osteoporosis. Orthop. Clin. North. Am., 1981; 12: p. 559-569.
66. Bardon S., F. Vignon, D. Chalbos and H. Rochefort, RU486, a progestin and glucocorticoid antagonist, inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells via the progesterone receptor. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab., 1985; 60: p. 692-697.
67. Need A.G., M. Horowitz, A. Bridges, H.A. Morris and B.E. Nordin, Effects of nandrolone decanoate and antiresorptive therapy on vertebral density in osteoporotic postmenopausal women. Arch. Intern. Med., 1989; 149: p. 57-60.
68. Baran D.T., M.A. Bergfeld, S.L. Teitelbaum and L.V. Avioli, Effect of testosterone therapy on bone formation in an osteoporotic hypogonadal male. Calcif. Tiss. Res., 1978; 26: p. 103-106.
69. 5-steroids in the ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line. Cancer Res., 1986; 46: p. 4933-4937.
70. Poulin R., D. Baker and F. Labrie, Androgens inhibit basal and estrogen-induced cell proliferation in the ZR-75-1 human breast cancer cell line. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 1988; 12: p. 213-225.
71. Dauvois S., C.S. Geng, C. Lévesque, Y. Mérand and F. Labrie, Additive inhibitory effects of an androgen and the antiestrogen EM-170 on estradiol-stimulated growth of human ZR-75-1 breast tumors in athymic mice. Cancer Res., 1991; 51: p. 3131-3135.
72. Dauvois S., S. Li, C. Martel and F. Labrie, Inhibitory effect of androgens on DMBA-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Breast Cancer Res. Treat., 1989; 14: p. 299-306.
73. Luo S., A. Sourla, C. Labrie, A. Bélanger and F. Labrie, Combined effects of dehydroepiandrosterone and EM-800 on bone mass, serum lipids, and the development of dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Endocrinology, 1997; 138: p. 4435-4444.
74. Love R.R., D.A. Wiebe, P.A. Newcomb, L. Cameron, H. Leventhal, V.C. Jordan, J. Feyzi and D.L. DeMets, Effects of tamoxifen on cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women. Ann. Intern. Med., 1991; 115: p. 860-864.
75. Walsh B.W., I. Schiff, B. Rosner, L. Greenberg, V. Ravnikar and F. Sacks, Effects of postmenopausal estrogen replacement on the concentrations and metabolism of plasma lipoproteins. N. Engl. J. Med., 1991; 325: p. 1196-1204.
76. Barrett-Connor E., Estrogen and estrogen-progestogen replacement: therapy and cardiovascular diseases. Am. J. Med., 1993; 95(Suppl. 5A): p. 40S-43S.
77. Russell J.C., R.M. Amy, S. Graham, L.M. Wenzel and P.J. Dolphin, Effects of castration on hyperlipidemic, insulin resistant JCR:LA-corpulent rats. Atherosclerosis, 1993; 100: p. 113-122.
78. Black L.J., M. Sato, E.R. Bowley, D.E. Magee, A. Bekele, D.C. Williams, G.J. Cullinan, R. Bendele, R.F. Kaufman, W.R. Bensch, C.A. Frolik, J.D. Termine, and H.U. Bryant, Raloxifene (LY139481 HCl) prevents bone loss and reduces serum cholesterol without causing uterine hypertrophy in ovariectomized rats. J. Clin. Invest., 1994; 93: p. 63-69.
79. Dipippo V.A., R. Lindsay and C.A. Powers, Estradiol and tamoxifen interactions with thyroid hormone in the ovariectomized-thyroidectomized rat. Endocrinology, 1995; 136: p. 1020-1033.
80. Ke H.Z., H.A. Simmons, C.M. Pirie, T.D. Crawford and D.D. Thompson, Droloxifene, a new estrogen antagonist/agonist, prevents bone loss in ovariectomized rats. Endocrinology, 1995; 136: p. 2435-2441.
81. Bruning P.F., J.M. Bonfrer, A.A. Hart, M. de Jong Bakkar, D. Linders, J. van Loon and W.J. Nooyen, Tamoxifen, serum lipoproteins and cardiovascular risk. Br. J. Cancer, 1988; 58: p. 497-499.
82. Love R.R., P.A. Newcomb, D.A. Wiebe, T.S. Surawicz, V.C. Jordan, P.P. Carbone and D.L. DeMets, Effects of tamoxifen therapy on lipid and lipoprotein levels in postmenopausal patients with node-negative breast cancer. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1990; 82: p. 1327-1332.
83. Magnusson C., J.A. Baron, N. Correia, R. Bergstrom, H.O. Adami and I. Persson, Breast-cancer risk following long-term oestrogen- and oestrogen-progestin-replacement therapy. Int. J. Cancer, 1999; 81(3): p. 339-344.
84. Bergkvist L., H.O. Adami, I. Persson, R. Hoover and L. Schairer, The risk of breast cancer after estrogen and estrogen-progestin replacement. N. Engl. J. Med., 1989; 321: p. 293-297.
85. Persson, Cancer causes control, 1999; 10: p. 253-260.
86. Lacey J.V., P.J. Mink, J.H. Lubin, M.E. Sherman, R. Troisi, P. Hartge, A. Schatzkin and C. Schairer, Menopausal hormone replacement therapy and risk of ovarian cancer. JAMA, 2002; 288: p. 334-341.
87. Riman T., P.W. Dickman, S. Nilsson, N. Correia, H. Nordlinder, C.M. Magnusson, E. Weiderpass and I.R. Persson, Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of invasive epithelial ovarian cacner in Swedish women. J Natl Cancer Inst, 2002; 94: p. 497-504.
88. Rodriguez C., A.V. Patel, E.E. Calle, E.J. Jacob and M.J. Thun, Estrogen replacement therapy and ovarian cancer mortality in a large prospective study of US women. JAMA, 2002; 285: p. 1460-1465.
89. Yaffe, JAMA, 1998; 279: p. 688-695.