Community and managerial predictors of performance in small rural US retail and service firms

Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services

Volumn 10, Issue 4, 2003, Pages 215-230

  Miller, Nancy J ^a   Besser, Terry L ^a   Gaskill, LuAnn R ^b   Sapp, Stephen G ^a  

^a IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Business performance; Planning strategies; Rural communities; Small business; Social capital

Indexed keywords

INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE; MARKETING; RETAILING; RURAL AREA; SERVICE SECTOR;

UNITED STATES;

EID: 0037972308     PISSN: 09696989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0969-6989(02)00012-7     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Aryes, J., Leistritz, L., Stone, K., 1992a. Rural retail business survival: implications for community developers. Journal of the Community Development Society 23 (2), 11-21.
2. Aryes, J., Leistritz, L., Stone, K., 1992b. Revitalizing the retail trade sector in rural communities: lessons from three Midwestern states. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development, Iowa State University Publications, Ames, IA.
3. Bagozzi, R., Yi, Y., 1988. On the evaluation of structural equation models. Academy of Marketing Science 16 (1), 74-94.
4. Bamberger, I., 1983. Value systems, strategies and the performance of small and medium-sized firms. European Small Business Journal 1 (4), 25-39.
5. Bastow-Shoop, H., Leistritz, F.L., Jolly, L., Kean, R., Gaskill, L., Jasper, C., Sternquist, B., 1995. Factors affecting the financial viability of rural retail businesses. Journal of the Community Development Society 26 (2), 167-185.
6. Berry, L.L., Seiders, K., Gresham, L.G., 1997. For love and money: the common traits of successful retailers. Organizational Dynamics 25 (Autumn), 7-23.
7. Besser, T.L., 1998. The significance of community to business social responsibility. Rural Sociology 8, 412-431.
8. Besser, T.L., 1999. Community involvement and the perception of success among small business operators in small towns. Journal of Small Business Management 37 (4), 16-30.
9. Besser, T.L., forthcoming. The conscience of capitalism: business social responsibility to communities. The State University of New York Press, Albany, NY.
10. Bhat, S., Fox, R., 1996. An investigation of jeopardy effects in store choice. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 3 (3), 129-133.
11. Bollen, K.A., 1989. Structural equations with latent variables. Wiley, NY.
12. Case, J., 2001. Small business 2001, Inc. Magazine. May 15, 2001. HYPERLINK http://www. inc.com/articles/details/printable/0,3535,CID22612G3,00.html. Site visited June 21, 2001.
13. Cohen, R., 1981. The new international division of labor, multinational corporations and urban hierarchy. In: Dear, M., Scott, A. (Eds.), Urbanization and Urban Planning in Capitalists Society. Methuen, New York, pp. 287-315.
14. Cronbach, L.J., 1951. Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika 16, 297-334.
15. Dess, G.G., Robinson, R.B., 1984. Measuring organizational performance in the absence of objective measures: the case of the privately held firm and conglomerate business unit. Strategic Management Journal 5 (3), 265-273.
16. Flora, C.B., Flora, J.L., 1995. Creating social capital and becoming native to place, In: Vitek, W.E. (Ed.), Rootage in the Land: Essays on Community and Place. Yale University Press, New Haven, CT.
17. Gatti, G.G., Harwell, M., 1998. Advantages of computer programs over power charts for estimation of power. Journal of Statistical Education 6(3), HYPERLINK http://www.amstat.org/publications/jse/v6n3/gatti.html Site visited June 13, 2001.
18. Gaskill, L.R., Van Auken, H.E., Manning, R., 1993. A factor analytic study of the perceived causes of small business failure. Journal of Small Business Management 32 (4), 18-31.
19. Gaskill, L.R., Van Auken, H.E., Kim, H., 1994. Impact of operational planning on small business retail performance. Journal of Small Business Strategy 5 (1), 21-35.
20. Gibbs, R.M., 1995. Going away to college and wider urban job opportunities take highly educated youth away from rural areas. Rural Development Perspectives 10 (3), 35-44.
21. Gibbs, R.M., Cromartie, J.B., 1994. Rural south outmigration: how big is the problem and for whom? Rural Development Perspectives 10 (1), 9-16.
22. Granovetter, M., 1985. Economic action and social structure: the problem of embeddedness. American Journal of Sociology 91 (3), 481-510.
23. Handelman, J.M., Arnold, S.J., 1999. The role of marketing actions with a social dimension: appeals to the institutional environment. Journal of Marketing 63, 33 48.
24. Haswell, S., Homes, S., 1989. Estimating the small business failure rate: a reappraisal. Journal of Small Business Management 27 (July), 68-74.
25. Hofer, C.W., Sandberg, W.R., 1987. Improving new venture performance: some guidelines for success. American Journal of Small Business 12 (1), 11-25.
26. Hoy, F., Vaught, B., 1980. The rural entrepreneur: a study in frustration. Journal of Small Business Management 18 (1), 19 24.
27. Kamakura, W., Lenartowicz, T., Rachford, B.T., 1996. Productivity assessment of multiple retail outlets. Journal of Retailing 72 (4), 333 356.
28. Kaplan, R.S, Norton, D.P., 1992. The balanced scorecard measures that drive performance. Harvard Business Review 78 (January February), 71-79.
29. Kean, R., Gaskill, L., Leistritz, L., Jasper, C., Bastow-Shoop, H., Jolly, L., Sternquist, B., 1998. Effects of community characteristics, business environment, and competitive strategies on rural retail business performance. Journal of Small Business Management 36 (2), 45 57.
30. Keats, B.W., Bracker, J.S., 1988. Toward a theory of small firm performance: a conceptual model. American Journal of Small Business 12 (4), 42-58.
31. Kirk, R.E., 1995. Experimental Design: Procedures for the Behavioral Sciences. Brooks/Cole Publishing Company, Pacific Grove, CA.
32. Kotey, B., Meredith, G.G., 1997. Relationships among owner manager personal values, business strategies, and enterprise performance. Journal of Small Business Management 35 (2), 37 65.
33. Lichter, D.T., McLaughlin, D.K., 1995. Changing economic opportunities, family structure, and poverty in rural areas. Rural Sociology 60 (4), 688-706.
34. Matthews, C.H., Scott, S.G., 1995. Uncertainty and planning in small entrepreneurial firms: an empirical assessment. Journal of Small Business Management 33 (4), 34 53.
35. McLaughlin, D.K., Perman, L., 1991. Returns vs. endowments in the earnings attainment process for metropolitan and nonmetropolitan men and women. Rural Sociology 56 (3), 339 365.
36. Miller, N.J., 1998. Local consumer spending: a reflection of rural community social and economic exchange. Journal of the Community Development Society 29 (2), 166-185.
37. Miller, N.J., 2001. Networking among small, independent retailers. Unpublished Manuscript, Iowa State University, Department of Textiles and Clothing, Ames. IA.
38. Miller, N.J., Besser, T.L., 2000. The importance of community values in small business strategy formation: evidence from rural Iowa. Journal of Small Business Management 38 (1), 68-85.
39. Muhwezi, D.R., 1990. Corporate contributions: an empirical assessment of the underlying factors among small business organizations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Iowa State University, Ames, IA.
40. Mulford, C.L., Schrader, B., Hansen, H.B., 1988. Operational and strategic planning in small business. North Central Regional Center for Rural Development. Iowa State University Publication, Ames, IA.
41. O'Neill, H.M., Duker, J., 1986. Survival and failure in small business. Journal of Small Business Management 24 (January), 30-37.
42. Porter, L., Steers, R., Mowday, R., Boulian, P., 1974. Organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover among psychiatric technicians. Journal of Applied Psychology 59 (3), 603-609.
43. Portes, A., Sensenbrenner, J., 1993. Embeddedness and immigration: notes on the social determinants of economic action. American Journal of Sociology 98 (6), 1320-1350.
44. Putnam, R.D., 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Tradition in Modern Italy. Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ.
45. Reich, R.B., 1992. The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st Century Capitalism, Vintage Books, New York.
46. Robinson, R.B., Pearce II, J.A., 1984. Research thrusts in small firm strategic planning. Academy of Management Review 9 (1), 128 137.
47. Rutledge, D.P., Wilson, R.D., 1994. Evaluating strategy with internal and environmental effects. Journal of Business Research 31, 213 224.
48. Sassen, S., 1992. The Global City. Princeton University Press. Princeton, NJ.
49. Sassen, S., 1994. Cities in a World Economy. Pine Forge Press, Thousand Oaks, CA.
50. Scarborough, N.M., Zimmerer, T.W., 1987. Strategic planning for the small business. Business 37 (2), 11 19.
51. Shrader, C.B., Mulford, C.L., Blackburn, V.L., 1989. Strategic and operational planning, uncertainty, and performance in small firms. Journal of Small Business Management 27 (October), 45-56.
52. Small Business Administration, 1996. Facts about small business, SBA 1.2:F 11 Small Bus. 996-2. US Government, Washington, DC.
53. Smith, M.H., Beaulieu, L.J., Seraphine, A., 1995. Social capital, place of residence, and college attendance. Rural Sociology 60, 363-380.
54. Star, A.D., Massel, M.Z., 1981. Survival rates for retailers. Journal of Retailing 57 (Summer), 87 99.
55. Stinner, W.F., Van Loon, M., Chung, S-W., Byun, Y., 1990. Community size, individual social position, and community attachment. Rural Sociology 55 (4), 494-521.
56. Stone, K.E., 1995. Competing with the Retail Giants: how to Survive in the New Retail Landscape. Wiley, New York, NY.
57. Strange, M., 1996. Transforming the rot belt. Des Moines Sunday Register 25 (February), C1 2.
58. US Census Bureau, 1997. Comparative Statistics for the States: Retail. HYPERLINK http:www.census.gov'econ97. Site visited October 13, 2000.
59. Uzzi, B., 1996. The sources and consequences of embeddedness for the economic performance of organizations: the network effect. American Sociological Review 61 (August), 674-698.
60. Uzzi, B., 1999. Embeddedness in the making of financial capital: how social relations and networks benefit firms seeking financing. American Sociological Review 64, 481-505.