Dual nonlinearities regulate contrast sensitivity in pattern discrimination tasks

Vision Research

Volumn 43, Issue 13, 2003, Pages 1433-1442

  Olzak, Lynn A ^a   Thomas, James P ^b  

^a MIAMI UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Contrast; Discrimination; Gain; Grating; Masking; Mechanism; Model; Nonlinear; Plaid; Psychophysics

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; CONTRAST SENSITIVITY; FEMALE; GRATING; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; MODEL; NONLINEAR SYSTEM; NORMAL HUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOPHYSICS; REGULATORY MECHANISM; SPATIAL FREQUENCY DISCRIMINATION; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TASK PERFORMANCE; VISUAL DISCRIMINATION; VISUAL MASKING; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 0037955689     PISSN: 00426989     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0042-6989(03)00175-5     Document Type: Article

References (68)

1. Ahmed B., Allison J.D., Douglas R.J., Martin K.A. An intracellular study of the contrast-dependence of neuronal activity in cat visual cortex. Cerebral Cortex. 7(6):1997;559-570.
2. Albrecht D.G., Farrar S.B., Hamilton D.B. Spatial contrast adaptation characteristics of neurones recorded in the cat's visual cortex. Journal of Physiology (London). 347:1984;713-739.
3. Albrecht D.G., Geisler W.S. Motion selectivity and the contrast-response function of simple cells in the visual cortex. Visual Neuroscience. 7(6):1991;531-546.
4. Albrecht D.G., Hamilton D.B. Striate cortex of monkey and cat: contrast response function. Journal of Neurophysiology. 48(1):1982;217-237.
5. Allison J.D., Melzer P., Ding Y., Bonds A.B., Casagrande V.A. Differential contributions of magnocellular and parvocellular pathways to the contrast response of neurons in bush baby primary visual cortex (V1). Visual Neuroscience. 17(1):2000;71-76.
6. Bauman L.A., Bonds A.B. Inhibitory refinement of spatial frequency selectivity in single cells of the cat striate cortex. Vision Research. 31(6):1991;933-944.
7. Benardete E.A., Kaplan E. The dynamics of primate M retinal ganglion cells. Visual Neuroscience. 16(2):1999;355-368.
8. Benardete E.A., Kaplan E., Knight B.W. Contrast gain control in the primate retina: P cells are not X-like, some M cells are. Visual Neuroscience. 8(5):1992;483-486.
9. Bobak P., Bodis-Wollner I., Marx M.S. Cortical contrast gain control in human spatial vision. Journal of Physiology (London). 405:1988;421-437.
10. Bonds A.B. Role of inhibition in the specification of orientation selectivity of cells in the cat striate cortex. Visual Neuroscience. 2(1):1989;41-55.
11. Bonds A.B. The encoding of cortical contrast gain. Lam R.S.D.M. Contrast Sensitivity. vol. 5:1993;215-230 MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
12. Burr D., Morrone C., Maffei L. Intra-cortical inhibition prevents simple cells from responding to textured visual patterns. Experimental Brain Research. 43(3-4):1981;455-458.
13. Burr D.C., Morrone M.C. Inhibitory interactions in the human vision system revealed in pattern-evoked potentials. Journal of Physiology. 389:1987;1-21.
14. Campbell F.W., Kulikowski J.J. Orientational selectivity of the human visual system. Journal of Physiology. 187(2):1966;437-445.
15. Carandini M., Heeger D.J., Movshon J.A. Linearity and normalization in simple cells of the macaque primary visual cortex. Journal of Neuroscience. 17(21):1997;8621-8644.
16. Chubb C., Econopouly J., Landy M.S. Histogram contrast analysis and the visual segregation of IID textures. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision. 11(9):1994;2350-2374.
17. Chubb C., McGowan J., Sperling G., Werkhoven P. Non-Fourier motion analysis. Ciba Foundation Symposia. 184:1994;193-205.
18. Chubb C., Sperling G., Solomon J.A. Texture interactions determine perceived contrast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 86(23):1989;9631-9635.
19. DeBruyn E.J., Bonds A.B. Contrast adaptation in cat visual cortex is not mediated by GABA. Brain Research. 383(1-2):1986;339-342.
20. DeBruyn E.J., Gajewski Y.A., Bonds A.B. Anticholinesterase agents affect contrast gain of the cat cortical visual evoked potential. Neuroscience Letters. 71(3):1986;311-316.
21. DeBusk B.C., DeBruyn E.J., Snider R.K., Kabara J.F., Bonds A.B. Stimulus-dependent modulation of spike burst length in cat striate cortical cells. Journal of Neurophysiology. 78(1):1997;199-213.
22. Dykes R.W., Landry P., Metherate R., Hicks T.P. Functional role of GABA in cat primary somatosensory cortex: shaping receptive fields of cortical neurons. Journal of Neurophysiology. 52(6):1984;1066-1093.
23. Enroth-Cugell C.R., Robson J.G. The contrast sensitivity of retinal ganglion cells. Journal of Physiology. 187:1966;517-552.
24. Foley J.M. Human luminance pattern-vision mechanisms: masking experiments require a new model. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision. 11(6):1994;1710-1719.
25. Foley J.M., Chen C.C. Pattern detection in the presence of maskers that differ in spatial phase and temporal offset: threshold measurements and a model. Vision Research. 39(23):1999;3855-3872.
26. Foley J.M., Legge G.E. Contrast detection and near-threshold discrimination in human vision. Vision Research. 21(7):1981;1041-1053.
27. Geisler W.S., Albrecht D.G. Cortical neurons: isolation of contrast gain control. Vision Research. 32(8):1992;1409-1410.
28. Graham N., Beck J., Sutter A. Nonlinear processes in spatial-frequency channel models of perceived texture segregation: effects of sign and amount of contrast. Vision Research. 32(4):1992;719-743.
29. Graham N., Sutter A. Effect of spatial scale and background luminance on the intensive and spatial nonlinearities in texture segregation. Vision Research. 36(10):1996;1371-1390.
30. Graham N., Sutter A. Spatial summation in simple (Fourier) and complex (non-Fourier) texture channels. Vision Research. 38(2):1998;231-257.
31. Graham N., Sutter A. Normalization: contrast-gain control in simple (Fourier) and complex (non-Fourier) pathways of pattern vision. Vision Research. 40(20):2000;2737-2761.
32. Heeger D.J. Modeling simple-cell direction selectivity with normalized, half-squared, linear operators. Journal of Neurophysiology. 70(5):1993;1885-1898.
33. Kaplan E., Purpura K., Shapley R.M. Contrast affects the transmission of visual information through the mammalian lateral geniculate nucleus. Journal of Physiology (London). 391:1987;267-288.
34. Landy M.S., Bergen J.R. Texture segregation and orientation gradient. Vision Research. 31(4):1991;679-691.
35. Lee B.B. Receptive field structure in the primate retina. Vision Research. 36(5):1996;631-644.
36. Lee B.B., Dacey D.M., Smith V.C., Pokorny J. Horizontal cells reveal cone type-specific adaptation in primate retina. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 96(25):1999;14611-14616.
37. Lee B.B., Pokorny J., Smith V.C., Kremers J. Responses to pulses and sinusoids in macaque ganglion cells. Vision Research. 34(23):1994;3081-3096.
38. Legge G.E. Space domain properties of a spatial frequency channel in human vision. Vision Research. 18(8):1978;959-969.
39. Legge G.E. Spatial frequency masking in human vision: binocular interactions. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 69(6):1979;838-847.
40. Legge G.E., Foley J.M. Contrast masking in human vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 70(12):1980;1458-1471.
41. Levitt J.B., Lund J.S. Contrast dependence of contextual effects in primate visual cortex. Nature. 387(6628):1997;73-76.
42. Lu Z.L., Sperling G. Contrast gain control in first- and second-order motion perception. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision. 13(12):1996;2305-2318.
43. Malik J., Perona P. Preattentive texture discrimination with early vision mechanisms. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision. 7(5):1990;923-932.
44. Morrone M.C., Burr D.C. Evidence for the existence and development of visual inhibition in humans. Nature. 321(6067):1986;235-237.
45. Morrone M.C., Burr D.C., Maffei L. Functional implications of cross-orientation inhibition of cortical visual cells. I. Neurophysiological evidence. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series B - Biological Sciences. 216(1204):1982;335-354.
46. Morrone M.C., Burr D.C., Speed H.D. Cross-orientation inhibition in cat is GABA mediated. Experimental Brain Research. 67(3):1987;635-644.
47. Nachmias J., Sansbury R.V. Letter: Grating contrast: discrimination may be better than detection. Vision Research. 14(10):1974;1039-1042.
48. Neumann H., Sepp W. Recurrent V1-V2 interaction in early visual boundary processing. Biological Cybernetics. 81(5-6):1999;425-444.
49. Ohzawa I., Sclar G., Freeman R.D. Contrast gain control in the cat's visual system. Journal of Neurophysiology. 54(3):1985;651-667.
50. Olzak L.A., Thomas J.P. When orthogonal orientations are not processed independently. Vision Research. 31(1):1991;51-57.
51. Olzak L.A., Thomas J.P. Configural effects constrain Fourier models of pattern discrimination. Vision Research. 32(10):1992;1885-1898.
52. Olzak L.A., Thomas J.P. Neural recoding in human pattern vision: model and mechanisms. Vision Research. 39(2):1999;231-256.
53. Olzak L.A., Wickens T.D. Discrimination of complex patterns: orientation information is integrated across spatial scale; spatial-frequency and contrast information are not. Perception. 26(9):1997;1101-1120.
54. Pokorny J., Smith V.C. Psychophysical signatures associated with magnocellular and parvocellular pathway contrast gain. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision. 14(9):1997;2477-2486.
55. Sachs M.B., Nachmias J., Robson J.G. Spatial-frequency channels in human vision. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 61(9):1971;1176-1186.
56. Shapley R.M., Victor J.D. The effect of contrast on the transfer properties of cat retinal ganglion cells. Journal of Physiology (London). 285:1978;275-298.
57. Sillito A.M. The contribution of inhibitory mechanisms to the receptive field properties of neurones in the striate cortex of the cat. Journal of Physiology. 250(2):1975;305-329.
58. Sillito A.M. Inhibitory mechanisms influencing complex cell orientation selectivity and their modification at high resting discharge levels. Journal of Physiology. 289:1979;33-53.
59. Sillito A.M., Kemp J.A. The influence of GABAergic inhibitory processes on the receptive field structure of X and Y cells in cat dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN). Brain Research. 277(1):1983;63-77.
60. Sillito A.M., Salt T.E., Kemp J.A. Modulatory and inhibitory processes in the visual cortex. Vision Research. 25(3):1985;375-381.
61. Snippe H.P., Poot L., van Hateren J.H. A temporal model for early vision that explains detection thresholds for light pulses on flickering backgrounds. [In Process Citation] Visual Neuroscience. 17(3):2000;449-462.
62. Stone J., Dreher B., Leventhal A. Hierarchical and parallel mechanisms in the organization of visual cortex. Brain Research. 180(3):1979;345-394.
63. Stromeyer 3rd C.F., Klein S. Spatial frequency channels in human vision as asymmetric (edge) mechanisms. Vision Research. 14(12):1974;1409-1420.
64. Thomas J.P. Underlying psychometric function for detecting gratings and identifying spatial frequency. Journal of the Optical Society of America. 73(6):1983;751-758.
65. Thomas J.P., Olzak L.A. Uncertainty experiments support the roles of second-order mechanisms in spatial frequency and orientation discriminations. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision. 13(4):1996;689-696.
66. Thomas J.P., Olzak L.A. Contrast gain control and fine spatial discriminations. Journal of the Optical Society of America A - Optics Image Science and Vision. 14(9):1997;2392-2405.
67. Watson A.B., Nielsen K.R., Poirson A., Fitzhugh A.A.B., Nguyen K., Ahumada A. Use of a raster framebuffer in vision research. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments and Computers. 18(6):1986;587-594.
68. Wolfson S.S., Landy M.S. Examining edge- and region-based texture analysis mechanisms. Vision Research. 38(3):1998;439-446.