메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 461-481

Benefits and risks of pharmacological treatments for essential tremor

(15)  Lyons, Kelly E a   Pahwa, Rajesh a,k   Comella, Cynthia L b   Eisa, Mahmood S c   Elble, Rodger J d   Fahn, Stanley e   Jankovic, Joseph f   Juncos, Jorge L g   Koller, William C h   Ondo, William G f   Sethi, Kapil D i   Stern, Matthew B c   Tanner, Caroline M j   Tintner, Ron f   Watts, Ray L g  


Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

3 ISOPROPYLAMINO 1 (7 METHYL 4 INDANYLOXY) 2 BUTANOL; ACETAZOLAMIDE; ALPRAZOLAM; AROTINOLOL; ATENOLOL; BENZODIAZEPINE DERIVATIVE; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; BOTULINUM TOXIN A; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKING AGENT; CARBONATE DEHYDRATASE INHIBITOR; CLONAZEPAM; CLONIDINE; CLOZAPINE; DIAZEPAM; GABAPENTIN; ISONIAZID; LORAZEPAM; METHAZOLAMIDE; METOPROLOL; MIRTAZAPINE; NADOLOL; NIMODIPINE; PHENOBARBITAL; PINDOLOL; PRIMIDONE; PROPRANOLOL; SPIRENDOLOL; TIMOLOL; TOPIRAMATE; UNINDEXED DRUG;

EID: 0037902473     PISSN: 01145916     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00002018-200326070-00003     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (94)

References (140)
  • 1
    • 0025979346 scopus 로고
    • Essential tremor: Clinical correlates in 350 patients
    • Lou JS, Jankovic J. Essential tremor: clinical correlates in 350 patients. Neurology 1991; 41:234-8
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 234-238
    • Lou, J.S.1    Jankovic, J.2
  • 2
    • 0031984875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How common is the most common adult movement disorder? Estimates of the prevalence of essential tremor throughout the world
    • Louis ED, Ottman R, Hauser WA. How common is the most common adult movement disorder? estimates of the prevalence of essential tremor throughout the world. Mov Disord 1998; 13:5-10
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , pp. 5-10
    • Louis, E.D.1    Ottman, R.2    Hauser, W.A.3
  • 3
    • 0034643876 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic criteria for essential tremor and differential diagnosis
    • Elble RJ. Diagnostic criteria for essential tremor and differential diagnosis. Neurology 2000; 54:S2-6
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54
    • Elble, R.J.1
  • 5
    • 0030049706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Classification of tremors
    • Findley LJ. Classification of tremors. J Clin Neurophysiol 1996; 13:122-32
    • (1996) J Clin Neurophysiol , vol.13 , pp. 122-132
    • Findley, L.J.1
  • 6
    • 0000418868 scopus 로고
    • Tremor
    • Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, editors. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co.
    • Marshall J. Tremor. In: Vinken PJ, Bruyn GW, editors. Handbook of clinical neurology. Vol 6. Amsterdam: North-Holland Publishing Co, 1968: 809-25
    • (1968) Handbook of Clinical Neurology , vol.6 , pp. 809-825
    • Marshall, J.1
  • 7
    • 0016383031 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of chronic propranolol therapy in action tremors of the familial, senile or essential varieties
    • Winkler GF, Young RR. Efficacy of chronic propranolol therapy in action tremors of the familial, senile or essential varieties. N Engl J Med 1974; 290:984-8
    • (1974) N Engl J Med , vol.290 , pp. 984-988
    • Winkler, G.F.1    Young, R.R.2
  • 8
    • 0015156561 scopus 로고
    • The effect of adrenergic beta-receptor blocking drugs on tremor
    • Sevitt I. The effect of adrenergic beta-receptor blocking drugs on tremor. Practitioner 1971; 207:677-8
    • (1971) Practitioner , vol.207 , pp. 677-678
    • Sevitt, I.1
  • 9
    • 0015180804 scopus 로고
    • The control of essential tremor by propranolol
    • Winkler GF, Young RR. The control of essential tremor by propranolol. Trans Am Neurol Assoc 1971; 96:66-8
    • (1971) Trans Am Neurol Assoc , vol.96 , pp. 66-68
    • Winkler, G.F.1    Young, R.R.2
  • 10
    • 0016696812 scopus 로고
    • Essential tremor: Treatment with propranolol
    • Tolosa ES, Loewenson RB. Essential tremor: treatment with propranolol. Neurology 1975; 25:1041-4
    • (1975) Neurology , vol.25 , pp. 1041-1044
    • Tolosa, E.S.1    Loewenson, R.B.2
  • 11
    • 0017090986 scopus 로고
    • Long-term therapy of essential tremor with propranol
    • Murray TJ. Long-term therapy of essential tremor with propranol. Can Med Assoc J 1976; 115:892-4
    • (1976) Can Med Assoc J , vol.115 , pp. 892-894
    • Murray, T.J.1
  • 12
    • 0015546437 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of benign essential tremor with propranolol: A controlled clinical trial
    • Dupont E, Hansen HJ, Dalby MA. Treatment of benign essential tremor with propranolol: a controlled clinical trial. Acta Neurol Scand 1973; 69:75-84
    • (1973) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.69 , pp. 75-84
    • Dupont, E.1    Hansen, H.J.2    Dalby, M.A.3
  • 14
    • 0016256977 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol treatment of essential tremor
    • Sweet RD, Blumberg J, Lee JE, et al. Propranolol treatment of essential tremor. Neurology 1974; 24:64-7
    • (1974) Neurology , vol.24 , pp. 64-67
    • Sweet, R.D.1    Blumberg, J.2    Lee, J.E.3
  • 15
    • 0020686464 scopus 로고
    • Effect of a single dose of propranolol on essential tremor: A double-blind controlled study
    • Calzetti S, Findley LJ, Gresty MA, et al. Effect of a single dose of propranolol on essential tremor: a double-blind controlled study. Ann Neurol 1983; 13:165-71
    • (1983) Ann Neurol , vol.13 , pp. 165-171
    • Calzetti, S.1    Findley, L.J.2    Gresty, M.A.3
  • 16
    • 0020580506 scopus 로고
    • The response of essential tremor to propranolol: Evaluation of clinical variables governing the efficacy of prolonged administration
    • Calzetti S, Findley LJ, Perucca E, et al. The response of essential tremor to propranolol: evaluation of clinical variables governing the efficacy of prolonged administration. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1983; 46:393-8
    • (1983) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.46 , pp. 393-398
    • Calzetti, S.1    Findley, L.J.2    Perucca, E.3
  • 17
    • 0022645205 scopus 로고
    • Dose-response relationship of propranolol in essential tremor
    • Koller WC. Dose-response relationship of propranolol in essential tremor. Arch Neurol 1986; 35:42-3
    • (1986) Arch Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 42-43
    • Koller, W.C.1
  • 18
    • 0021930691 scopus 로고
    • Long-acting propranolol in essential tremor
    • Koller WC. Long-acting propranolol in essential tremor. Neurology 1985; 36:108-10
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 108-110
    • Koller, W.C.1
  • 19
    • 0023921194 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol and propranolol-LA in essential tremor: A double-blind comparative study
    • Cleeves L, Findley L. Propranolol and propranolol-LA in essential tremor: a double-blind comparative study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1988; 51: 379-81
    • (1988) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.51 , pp. 379-381
    • Cleeves, L.1    Findley, L.2
  • 21
    • 0037766410 scopus 로고
    • Essential-familial tremor and other action tremors
    • Young RR. Essential-familial tremor and other action tremors. Semin Neurol 1982; 2:386-91
    • (1982) Semin Neurol , vol.2 , pp. 386-391
    • Young, R.R.1
  • 22
    • 0021930256 scopus 로고
    • Time course of a single oral dose of propranolol in essential tremor
    • Koller WC, Royse V. Time course of a single oral dose of propranolol in essential tremor. Neurology 1985; 35:1494-9
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 1494-1499
    • Koller, W.C.1    Royse, V.2
  • 24
    • 0037766408 scopus 로고
    • Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist in essential tremor [brief report]
    • Huttunen J, Teräväinen H, Larsen A. Beta-adrenoreceptor antagonist in essential tremor [brief report]. Lancet 1984; II: 857
    • (1984) Lancet , vol.2 , pp. 857
    • Huttunen, J.1    Teräväinen, H.2    Larsen, A.3
  • 25
    • 0018292319 scopus 로고
    • Metoprolol for essential tremor [brief report]
    • Britt CR, Peters BH. Metoprolol for essential tremor [brief report]. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 331
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.301 , pp. 331
    • Britt, C.R.1    Peters, B.H.2
  • 26
    • 0018631748 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of essential tremor with metoprolol [brief report]
    • Ljung O. Treatment of essential tremor with metoprolol [brief report]. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 1005
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.301 , pp. 1005
    • Ljung, O.1
  • 27
    • 0018821050 scopus 로고
    • Metoprolol in essential tremor
    • Newman RP, Jacobs L. Metoprolol in essential tremor. Arch Neurol 1980; 37: 596-7
    • (1980) Arch Neurol , vol.37 , pp. 596-597
    • Newman, R.P.1    Jacobs, L.2
  • 28
    • 0018698531 scopus 로고
    • Metoprolol tartrate for essential tremor [brief report]
    • Riley T, Pleet AB. Metoprolol tartrate for essential tremor [brief report]. N Engl J Med 1979; 301: 663
    • (1979) N Engl J Med , vol.301 , pp. 663
    • Riley, T.1    Pleet, A.B.2
  • 29
    • 0018834146 scopus 로고
    • Metoprolol in essential tremor
    • Turnbull DM, Shaw DA. Metoprolol in essential tremor. Lancet 1980; I: 95
    • (1980) Lancet , vol.1 , pp. 95
    • Turnbull, D.M.1    Shaw, D.A.2
  • 30
    • 0019618486 scopus 로고
    • Metoprolol and propranolol in essential tremor: A double-blind controlled study
    • Calzetti S, Findley LJ, Gresty MA, et al. Metoprolol and propranolol in essential tremor: a double-blind controlled study. J. Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981; 44: 814-9
    • (1981) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 814-819
    • Calzetti, S.1    Findley, L.J.2    Gresty, M.A.3
  • 31
    • 0021361058 scopus 로고
    • Metoprolol compared to propranolol in the treatment of essential tremor
    • Koller WC, Biary N. Metoprolol compared to propranolol in the treatment of essential tremor. Arch Neurol 1984; 41: 171-2
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 171-172
    • Koller, W.C.1    Biary, N.2
  • 32
    • 0020566784 scopus 로고
    • Nadolol in the treatment of essential tremor
    • Koller WC. Nadolol in the treatment of essential tremor. Neurology 1983; 33: 1074-5
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , pp. 1074-1075
    • Koller, W.C.1
  • 33
    • 0019499355 scopus 로고
    • Effects of timolol and atenolol on benign essential tremor: Placebo-controlled studies based on quantitative tremor recordings
    • Dietrichson P, Espen E. Effects of timolol and atenolol on benign essential tremor: placebo-controlled studies based on quantitative tremor recordings. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1981; 44: 677-83
    • (1981) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.44 , pp. 677-683
    • Dietrichson, P.1    Espen, E.2
  • 34
    • 0017645040 scopus 로고
    • Comparison between the effects of pindolol and propranolol on essential tremor
    • Teräväinen H, Larsen A, Fogelheim R. Comparison between the effects of pindolol and propranolol on essential tremor. Neurology 1977; 27: 439-43
    • (1977) Neurology , vol.27 , pp. 439-443
    • Teräväinen, H.1    Larsen, A.2    Fogelheim, R.3
  • 36
    • 0023884849 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of essential tremor with arotinolol
    • Kuroda Y, Kakigi R, Shilasaki H. Treatment of essential tremor with arotinolol. Neurology 1988; 38: 650-1
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 650-651
    • Kuroda, Y.1    Kakigi, R.2    Shilasaki, H.3
  • 37
    • 0019350477 scopus 로고
    • Benign familial tremor treated with primidone
    • O'Brien MD, Upton AR, Toseland PA. Benign familial tremor treated with primidone. BMJ 1981; 282: 178-80
    • (1981) BMJ , vol.282 , pp. 178-180
    • O'Brien, M.D.1    Upton, A.R.2    Toseland, P.A.3
  • 39
    • 0021881737 scopus 로고
    • Primidone in essential tremor of the hands and head: A double-blind controlled clinical study
    • Findley LJ, Cleeves L, Calzetti S. Primidone in essential tremor of the hands and head: a double-blind controlled clinical study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1985; 481: 911-5
    • (1985) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.481 , pp. 911-915
    • Findley, L.J.1    Cleeves, L.2    Calzetti, S.3
  • 40
    • 0022631856 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of primidone in essential tremor
    • Koller WC, Royse V. Efficacy of primidone in essential tremor. Neurology 1986; 36: 121-4
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 121-124
    • Koller, W.C.1    Royse, V.2
  • 42
    • 0019957505 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind controlled study of primidone in essential tremor: Preliminary results
    • Findley LJ, Calzetti S. Double-blind controlled study of primidone in essential tremor: preliminary results. BMJ 1982; 285: 608
    • (1982) BMJ , vol.285 , pp. 608
    • Findley, L.J.1    Calzetti, S.2
  • 43
    • 0022642461 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of primidone, propranolol, and placebo in essential tremor using quantitative analysis
    • Gorman WP, Cooper R, Pocock P, et al. A comparison of primidone, propranolol, and placebo in essential tremor using quantitative analysis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1986; 491: 64-8
    • (1986) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.491 , pp. 64-68
    • Gorman, W.P.1    Cooper, R.2    Pocock, P.3
  • 44
    • 0022999984 scopus 로고
    • Duration of effectiveness of primidone in essential tremor
    • Crystal HA. Duration of effectiveness of primidone in essential tremor. Neurology 1986; 36: 1543
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 1543
    • Crystal, H.A.1
  • 45
    • 7844250973 scopus 로고
    • Response to essential tremor to treatment with primidone
    • Shale H, Fahn S. Response to essential tremor to treatment with primidone [abstract]. Neurology 1987; 37: 123
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 123
    • Shale, H.1    Fahn, S.2
  • 46
    • 0025156925 scopus 로고
    • Primidone in the long-term treatment of essential tremor: A prospective study with computerized quantitative analysis
    • Sasso E, Perucca E, Fava N, et al. Primidone in the long-term treatment of essential tremor: a prospective study with computerized quantitative analysis. Clin Neuropharmacol 1990; 13: 67-76
    • (1990) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.13 , pp. 67-76
    • Sasso, E.1    Perucca, E.2    Fava, N.3
  • 47
    • 0023845610 scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of alprazolam for essential tremor
    • Huber SJ, Paulson GW. Efficacy of alprazolam for essential tremor. Neurology 1988; 38 (2): 241-3
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 241-243
    • Huber, S.J.1    Paulson, G.W.2
  • 48
    • 0034460162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New alternative agents in essential tremor therapy; double-blind placebo-controlled study of alprazolam and acetazolamide
    • Gunal DI, Afsar N, Bekiroglu N, et al. New alternative agents in essential tremor therapy; double-blind placebo-controlled study of alprazolam and acetazolamide. Neurol Sci 2000; 21: 315-7
    • (2000) Neurol Sci , vol.21 , pp. 315-317
    • Gunal, D.I.1    Afsar, N.2    Bekiroglu, N.3
  • 49
    • 0021344490 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind trial of clonazepam in benign essential tremor
    • Thompson C, Lang A, Parkes JD, et al. A double-blind trial of clonazepam in benign essential tremor. Clin Neuropharmacol 1984; 7: 83-8
    • (1984) Clin Neuropharmacol , vol.7 , pp. 83-88
    • Thompson, C.1    Lang, A.2    Parkes, J.D.3
  • 50
    • 0023152313 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic predominant essential tremor: Successful treatment with clonazepam
    • Biary N, Koller W. Kinetic predominant essential tremor: successful treatment with clonazepam. Neurology 1987; 37: 471-4
    • (1987) Neurology , vol.37 , pp. 471-474
    • Biary, N.1    Koller, W.2
  • 51
    • 0021249548 scopus 로고
    • Orthostatic tremor
    • Heilman KM. Orthostatic tremor. Arch Neurol 1984; 41: 880-1
    • (1984) Arch Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 880-881
    • Heilman, K.M.1
  • 52
    • 0027423140 scopus 로고
    • Orthostatic tremor: Clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics
    • McManis PG, Sharbrough FW. Orthostatic tremor: clinical and electrophysiologic characteristics. Muscle Nerve 1993; 16: 1254-60
    • (1993) Muscle Nerve , vol.16 , pp. 1254-1260
    • McManis, P.G.1    Sharbrough, F.W.2
  • 53
    • 0000310665 scopus 로고
    • Gabapentin in essential tremor
    • Burrows GT, King RB. Gabapentin in essential tremor [abstract]. Neurology 1995; 45 Suppl. 4: A187-188
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Burrows, G.T.1    King, R.B.2
  • 54
    • 0000445509 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of gabapentin in various movement disorders
    • Adler CH. Effectiveness of gabapentin in various movement disorders [abstract]. Mov Disord 1996; 11 Suppl. 1: 251
    • (1996) Mov Disord , vol.11 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 251
    • Adler, C.H.1
  • 55
    • 0031859210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gabapentin for treatment of pain and tremor: A large case series
    • Merren MD. Gabapentin for treatment of pain and tremor: a large case series. South Med J 1998; 91: 739-44
    • (1998) South Med J , vol.91 , pp. 739-744
    • Merren, M.D.1
  • 56
    • 0032893712 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized placebo controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor
    • Gironell A, Barbanoj M, Kulisevsky, J, et al. A randomized placebo controlled comparative trial of gabapentin and propranolol in essential tremor. Arch Neurol 1999; 56 (4): 475-80
    • (1999) Arch Neurol , vol.56 , Issue.4 , pp. 475-480
    • Gironell, A.1    Barbanoj, M.2    Kulisevsky, J.3
  • 57
    • 0033910392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High dose gabapentin for essential tremor: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial
    • Ondo WG, Hunter C, Schwartz K, et al. High dose gabapentin for essential tremor: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Mov Disord 2000; 15: 678-82
    • (2000) Mov Disord , vol.15 , pp. 678-682
    • Ondo, W.G.1    Hunter, C.2    Schwartz, K.3
  • 58
    • 0031899082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor
    • Pahwa R, Lyons K, Hubble J, et al. Double-blind controlled trial of gabapentin in essential tremor. Mov Disord 1998; 13: 465-7
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , pp. 465-467
    • Pahwa, R.1    Lyons, K.2    Hubble, J.3
  • 59
    • 0029975930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the a2δ subunit of a calcium channel
    • Gee NS, Brown JP, Dissanayake VUK, et al. The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the a2δ subunit of a calcium channel. J Biol Chem 1996; 271: 5768-76
    • (1996) J Biol Chem , vol.271 , pp. 5768-5776
    • Gee, N.S.1    Brown, J.P.2    Dissanayake, V.U.K.3
  • 60
    • 0031946435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and gabapentin on calcium channels in hippocampal granule cells from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Schumacher TB, Beck H, Steinhauser C, et al. Effects of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and gabapentin on calcium channels in hippocampal granule cells from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia 1998; 39: 355-63
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , pp. 355-363
    • Schumacher, T.B.1    Beck, H.2    Steinhauser, C.3
  • 62
    • 0031883542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A summary of mechanistic hypotheses of gabapentin pharmacology
    • Taylor CP, Gee NS, Su TZ, et al. A summary of mechanistic hypotheses of gabapentin pharmacology. Epilepsy Res 1998; 29: 233-49
    • (1998) Epilepsy Res , vol.29 , pp. 233-249
    • Taylor, C.P.1    Gee, N.S.2    Su, T.Z.3
  • 63
  • 64
    • 0001006524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topiramate as a novel treatment for essential tremor
    • Connor GS. Topiramate as a novel treatment for essential tremor [abstract]. Mov Disord 1999; 14: 908
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , pp. 908
    • Connor, G.S.1
  • 65
    • 0037046967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial of topiramate treatment for essential tremor
    • Connor GS. A randomized double-blind placebo controlled trial of topiramate treatment for essential tremor. Neurology 2002; 59: 132-4
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.59 , pp. 132-134
    • Connor, G.S.1
  • 66
    • 0032872031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topiramate
    • Glauser TA. Topiramate. Epilepsia 1999; 40 Suppl. 5: S71-80
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , Issue.SUPPL. 5
    • Glauser, T.A.1
  • 67
    • 0032487644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple actions of the novel anticonvulsant drug topiramate in the rat subiculum in vitro
    • Kawasaki H, Tancredi V, D'Arcangelo G, et al. Multiple actions of the novel anticonvulsant drug topiramate in the rat subiculum in vitro. Brain Res 1998; 807: 125-34
    • (1998) Brain Res , vol.807 , pp. 125-134
    • Kawasaki, H.1    Tancredi, V.2    D'Arcangelo, G.3
  • 68
    • 0033011122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy
    • Petroff OA, Hyder F, Mattson RH, et al. Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine, and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Neurology 1999; 52: 473-8
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.52 , pp. 473-478
    • Petroff, O.A.1    Hyder, F.2    Mattson, R.H.3
  • 69
    • 0029688379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanism of action of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins
    • Montecucco C, Shiavo G, Rossetto O. The mechanism of action of tetanus and botulinum neurotoxins. Arch Toxicol Suppl 1996; 18: 342-54
    • (1996) Arch Toxicol Suppl , vol.18 , pp. 342-354
    • Montecucco, C.1    Shiavo, G.2    Rossetto, O.3
  • 71
    • 0035068065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin: Evidence-based medicine criteria in rare conditions
    • Jost WH, Kohl A. Botulinum toxin: evidence-based medicine criteria in rare conditions. J Neurol 2000; 248 Suppl. 1: I39-44
    • (2000) J Neurol , vol.248 , Issue.SUPPL. 1
    • Jost, W.H.1    Kohl, A.2
  • 72
    • 0025815312 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin treatment of tremors
    • Jankovic J, Schwartz K. Botulinum toxin treatment of tremors. Neurology 1991; 41: 1185-8
    • (1991) Neurology , vol.41 , pp. 1185-1188
    • Jankovic, J.1    Schwartz, K.2
  • 73
    • 0029873564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate botulinum toxin type A in essential hand tremor
    • Jankovic J, Schwartz K, Clemence W, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate botulinum toxin type A in essential hand tremor. Mov Disord 1996; 11: 250-6
    • (1996) Mov Disord , vol.11 , pp. 250-256
    • Jankovic, J.1    Schwartz, K.2    Clemence, W.3
  • 74
    • 0035849562 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, double masked, controlled trial of botulinum toxin type A in essential hand tremor
    • Brin MF, Lyons KE, Doucette J, et al. A randomized, double masked, controlled trial of botulinum toxin type A in essential hand tremor. Neurology 2001; 56: 1523-8
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , pp. 1523-1528
    • Brin, M.F.1    Lyons, K.E.2    Doucette, J.3
  • 75
    • 0034439948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin treatment for functional disability induced by essential tremor
    • Pacchetti C, Mancini F, Bulgheroni M, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment for functional disability induced by essential tremor. Neurol Sci 2000; 21: 349-53
    • (2000) Neurol Sci , vol.21 , pp. 349-353
    • Pacchetti, C.1    Mancini, F.2    Bulgheroni, M.3
  • 76
    • 0028148675 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin A injections for the treatment of hand tremors
    • Trosch RM, Pullman SL. Botulinum toxin A injections for the treatment of hand tremors. Movement Dis 1994; 9: 601-9
    • (1994) Movement Dis , vol.9 , pp. 601-609
    • Trosch, R.M.1    Pullman, S.L.2
  • 77
  • 78
    • 0030884685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative assessment of botulinum toxin treatment in 43 patients with head tremor
    • Wissel J, Masuhr F, Schelosky L, et al. Quantitative assessment of botulinum toxin treatment in 43 patients with head tremor. Mov Disord 1997; 12: 722-6
    • (1997) Mov Disord , vol.12 , pp. 722-726
    • Wissel, J.1    Masuhr, F.2    Schelosky, L.3
  • 79
    • 0028960238 scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin treatment of essential head tremor
    • Pahwa R, Busenbark K, Swanson-Hyland EF, et al. Botulinum toxin treatment of essential head tremor. Neurology 1995; 45: 822-4
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 822-824
    • Pahwa, R.1    Busenbark, K.2    Swanson-Hyland, E.F.3
  • 80
    • 0026582582 scopus 로고
    • Abductor laryngeal dystonia: A series treated with botulinum toxin
    • Blitzer A, Brin MF, Stewart C, et al. Abductor laryngeal dystonia: a series treated with botulinum toxin. Laryngoscope 1992; 102: 163-7
    • (1992) Laryngoscope , vol.102 , pp. 163-167
    • Blitzer, A.1    Brin, M.F.2    Stewart, C.3
  • 82
    • 0033800748 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The treatment of essential voice tremor with botulinum toxin A: A longitudinal case report
    • Warrick P. The treatment of essential voice tremor with botulinum toxin A: a longitudinal case report. J Voice 2000; 14: 410-21
    • (2000) J Voice , vol.14 , pp. 410-421
    • Warrick, P.1
  • 83
    • 0033890804 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Botulinum toxin for essential tremor of the voice with multiple anatomical sites of tremor: A crossover design study of unilateral versus unilateral injection
    • Warrick P. Botulinum toxin for essential tremor of the voice with multiple anatomical sites of tremor: a crossover design study of unilateral versus unilateral injection. Laryngoscope 2000: 110: 1266-374
    • (2000) Laryngoscope , vol.110 , pp. 1266-1374
    • Warrick, P.1
  • 84
    • 0035412940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Case of essential palatal tremor: Atypical features and remarkable benefit from botulinum toxin injection
    • Cho JW, Chu K, Jeon BS. Case of essential palatal tremor: atypical features and remarkable benefit from botulinum toxin injection. Mov Disord 2001; 16: 779-82
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 779-782
    • Cho, J.W.1    Chu, K.2    Jeon, B.S.3
  • 85
    • 0031683936 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of trembling chin with botulinum toxin
    • Bakar M, Zarifoglu M, Bora I, et al. Treatment of trembling chin with botulinum toxin. Mov Disord 1998; 13: 845-6
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , pp. 845-846
    • Bakar, M.1    Zarifoglu, M.2    Bora, I.3
  • 86
    • 0034643902 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacologic treatment of essential tremor
    • Koller WC, Hristova A, Brin M. Pharmacologic treatment of essential tremor. Neurology 2000; 54 Suppl. 4: S30-8
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Koller, W.C.1    Hristova, A.2    Brin, M.3
  • 87
  • 88
    • 0026720428 scopus 로고
    • The effect of acetazolamide on essential tremor: An open-label trial
    • Busenbark K, Pahwa R, Hubble J, et al. The effect of acetazolamide on essential tremor: an open-label trial. Neurology 1992; 42: 1394-13495
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , pp. 1394-13495
    • Busenbark, K.1    Pahwa, R.2    Hubble, J.3
  • 89
    • 0027207867 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind controlled study of methazolamide in the treatment of essential tremor
    • Busenbark K, Pahwa R, Hubble J, et al. Double-blind controlled study of methazolamide in the treatment of essential tremor. Neurology 1993; 43: 104-1047
    • (1993) Neurology , vol.43 , pp. 104-1047
    • Busenbark, K.1    Pahwa, R.2    Hubble, J.3
  • 90
    • 0020665651 scopus 로고
    • Phenobarbital and propranolol in essential tremor: A double-blind controlled clinical trial
    • Baruzzi A, Procaceranti G, Martinelle P. Phenobarbital and propranolol in essential tremor: a double-blind controlled clinical trial. Neurology 1983; 33: 296-300
    • (1983) Neurology , vol.33 , pp. 296-300
    • Baruzzi, A.1    Procaceranti, G.2    Martinelle, P.3
  • 91
    • 0022340974 scopus 로고
    • Phenobarbital in essential tremor
    • Findley LJ, Cleeves L. Phenobarbital in essential tremor. Neurology 1985; 35: 1784-7
    • (1985) Neurology , vol.35 , pp. 1784-1787
    • Findley, L.J.1    Cleeves, L.2
  • 92
    • 0023939707 scopus 로고
    • Double-blind comparison of primidone and phenobarbital in essential tremor
    • Sasso E, Perucca E, Calzetti S. Double-blind comparison of primidone and phenobarbital in essential tremor. Neurology 1988; 38: 808-10
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.38 , pp. 808-810
    • Sasso, E.1    Perucca, E.2    Calzetti, S.3
  • 93
    • 0023258327 scopus 로고
    • Calcium channel blockers and essential tremor
    • Topaktas S, Onur R, Dalkara T. Calcium channel blockers and essential tremor. Eur Neurol 1987; 27: 114-9
    • (1987) Eur Neurol , vol.27 , pp. 114-119
    • Topaktas, S.1    Onur, R.2    Dalkara, T.3
  • 96
    • 0029045625 scopus 로고
    • The effect of nimodipine on essential tremor
    • Biary N, Bahou Y, Sofi MA, et al. The effect of nimodipine on essential tremor. Neurology 1995; 45: 1523-5
    • (1995) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 1523-1525
    • Biary, N.1    Bahou, Y.2    Sofi, M.A.3
  • 97
    • 0025834563 scopus 로고
    • A double-blind trial of isoniazid for essential tremor and other action tremors
    • Hallett M, Ravits J, Dubinsky RM, et al. A double-blind trial of isoniazid for essential tremor and other action tremors. Mov Disord 1991; 6 (3): 253-6
    • (1991) Mov Disord , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 253-256
    • Hallett, M.1    Ravits, J.2    Dubinsky, R.M.3
  • 98
    • 0021878990 scopus 로고
    • Clonidine in essential tremor: Preliminary observations from an open trial
    • Caccia MR, Mangoni A. Clonidine in essential tremor: preliminary observations from an open trial. J Neurol 1985; 232: 55-7
    • (1985) J Neurol , vol.232 , pp. 55-57
    • Caccia, M.R.1    Mangoni, A.2
  • 99
    • 0022932299 scopus 로고
    • Clonidine in the treatment of essential tremor
    • Koller WC, Herbster G, Cone S. Clonidine in the treatment of essential tremor. Mov Disord 1986; 1: 235-7
    • (1986) Mov Disord , vol.1 , pp. 235-237
    • Koller, W.C.1    Herbster, G.2    Cone, S.3
  • 100
    • 0024513396 scopus 로고
    • Propranolol, clonidine, urapidil and trazodone infusion in essential tremor: A double-blind crossover trial
    • Caccia MR, Osio M, Galimberti V, et al. Propranolol, clonidine, urapidil and trazodone infusion in essential tremor: a double-blind crossover trial. Acta Neurol Scand 1989; 79 (5): 379-83
    • (1989) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.79 , Issue.5 , pp. 379-383
    • Caccia, M.R.1    Osio, M.2    Galimberti, V.3
  • 102
    • 0033432721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute and chronic effects of clozapine in essential tremor
    • Ceravolo R, Salvetti S, Piccini P, et al. Acute and chronic effects of clozapine in essential tremor. Mov Disord 1999: 14 (3): 468-72
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 468-472
    • Ceravolo, R.1    Salvetti, S.2    Piccini, P.3
  • 103
    • 0033595471 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mirtazapine treats resting tremor, essential tremor, and levodopa induced dyskinesias [clinical/scientific note]
    • Pact V, Giduz T. Mirtazapine treats resting tremor, essential tremor, and levodopa induced dyskinesias [clinical/scientific note]. Neurology 1999; 53: 1154
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , pp. 1154
    • Pact, V.1    Giduz, T.2
  • 104
    • 0038443196 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical efficacy of mirtazapine in essential tremor
    • abstract P557
    • Ertan S, Koksal A, Ozekmekci S. Clinical efficacy of mirtazapine in essential tremor [abstract P557]. Mov Disord 2000; 15 (S3): 102
    • (2000) Mov Disord , vol.15 , Issue.S3 , pp. 102
    • Ertan, S.1    Koksal, A.2    Ozekmekci, S.3
  • 105
    • 4243951832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study of mirtazapine in essential tremor
    • Lyons KE, Pahwa R. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, pilot study of mirtazapine in essential tremor [abstract]. Neurology 2002; 58 Suppl. 3: A254
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , Issue.SUPPL. 3
    • Lyons, K.E.1    Pahwa, R.2
  • 106
    • 0002501421 scopus 로고
    • Stereotaxic treatment of hereditary tremor
    • Laitinen L. Stereotaxic treatment of hereditary tremor. Acta Neurol Scand 1965; 41: 74-9
    • (1965) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.41 , pp. 74-79
    • Laitinen, L.1
  • 107
    • 0014304418 scopus 로고
    • Hypotonia accompanying the neurosurgical relief of essential tremor
    • Blacker HM, Bertrand C, Martinez N, et al. Hypotonia accompanying the neurosurgical relief of essential tremor. J Nerv Ment Dis 1968; 147: 49-55
    • (1968) J Nerv Ment Dis , vol.147 , pp. 49-55
    • Blacker, H.M.1    Bertrand, C.2    Martinez, N.3
  • 109
    • 0016011901 scopus 로고
    • Stereotaxic operations in cases of hereditary and intention tremor
    • van Manen J. Stereotaxic operations in cases of hereditary and intention tremor. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1974; Suppl. 21: 49-55
    • (1974) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , Issue.SUPPL. 21 , pp. 49-55
    • Van Manen, J.1
  • 110
    • 84940135984 scopus 로고
    • Vim thalamotomy for the treatment of various kinds of tremor
    • Ohye C, Hirai T, Miyazaki M, et al. Vim thalamotomy for the treatment of various kinds of tremor. Appl Neurophysiol 1982; 45: 275-80
    • (1982) Appl Neurophysiol , vol.45 , pp. 275-280
    • Ohye, C.1    Hirai, T.2    Miyazaki, M.3
  • 111
    • 0022470521 scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up results of selective VIM-thalamotomy
    • Nagaseki Y, Shibazaki T, Hirai T, et al. Long-term follow-up results of selective VIM-thalamotomy. J Neurosurg 1986; 65: 296-302
    • (1986) J Neurosurg , vol.65 , pp. 296-302
    • Nagaseki, Y.1    Shibazaki, T.2    Hirai, T.3
  • 112
    • 0025202689 scopus 로고
    • Long-term results of stereotaxy in the treatment of essential tremor
    • Mohadjer M, Goerke H, Milios E, et al. Long-term results of stereotaxy in the treatment of essential tremor. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1990; 55: 125-9
    • (1990) Stereotact Funct Neurosurg , vol.55 , pp. 125-129
    • Mohadjer, M.1    Goerke, H.2    Milios, E.3
  • 113
    • 0026703611 scopus 로고
    • Symptomatic and functional outcome of stereotactic ventralis lateralis thalamotomy for intention tremor
    • Goldman MS, Kelly PJ. Symptomatic and functional outcome of stereotactic ventralis lateralis thalamotomy for intention tremor. J Neurosurg 1992; 77: 223-9
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 223-229
    • Goldman, M.S.1    Kelly, P.J.2
  • 114
    • 0029098945 scopus 로고
    • Outcome after stereotactic thalamotomy for parkinsonian, essential, and other types of tremor
    • Jankovic J, Cardoso F, Grossman RG, et al. Outcome after stereotactic thalamotomy for parkinsonian, essential, and other types of tremor. Neurosurgery 1995; 37: 680-6
    • (1995) Neurosurgery , vol.37 , pp. 680-686
    • Jankovic, J.1    Cardoso, F.2    Grossman, R.G.3
  • 117
    • 0025976466 scopus 로고
    • Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus
    • Benabid AL, Pollak P, Gervason C, et al. Long-term suppression of tremor by chronic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. Lancet 1991; 337: 403-6
    • (1991) Lancet , vol.337 , pp. 403-406
    • Benabid, A.L.1    Pollak, P.2    Gervason, C.3
  • 118
    • 0026764587 scopus 로고
    • Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus
    • Blond S, Caparros-Lefebvre D, Parker F, et al. Control of tremor and involuntary movement disorders by chronic stereotactic stimulation of the ventral intermediate thalamic nucleus. J Neurosurg 1992; 77: 62-8
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , pp. 62-68
    • Blond, S.1    Caparros-Lefebvre, D.2    Parker, F.3
  • 119
    • 0027751037 scopus 로고
    • Chronic VIM thalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and extra-pyramidal dyskinesias
    • Benabid AL, Pollak P, Seigneuret E, et al. Chronic VIM thalamic stimulation in Parkinson's disease, essential tremor and extra-pyramidal dyskinesias. Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) 1993; 58: 39-44
    • (1993) Acta Neurochir Suppl (Wien) , vol.58 , pp. 39-44
    • Benabid, A.L.1    Pollak, P.2    Seigneuret, E.3
  • 120
    • 0029160198 scopus 로고
    • Stimulation of the ventra intermediate thalamic nucleus in tremor dominated Parkinson's disease and essential tremor
    • Alesch F, Pinter MM, Helscher RJ, et al. Stimulation of the ventra intermediate thalamic nucleus in tremor dominated Parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Acta Neurochir (Wien) 1995; 136: 75-81
    • (1995) Acta Neurochir (Wien) , vol.136 , pp. 75-81
    • Alesch, F.1    Pinter, M.M.2    Helscher, R.J.3
  • 121
    • 0030053751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders
    • Benabid AL, Pollak P, Gao D, et al. Chronic electrical stimulation of the ventralis intermedius nucleus of the thalamus as a treatment of movement disorders. J Neurosurg 1996; 84: 203-14.
    • (1996) J Neurosurg , vol.84 , pp. 203-214
    • Benabid, A.L.1    Pollak, P.2    Gao, D.3
  • 122
    • 0029864252 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep brain stimulation for essential tremor
    • Hubble JP, Busenbark KL, Wilkinson S, et al. Deep brain stimulation for essential tremor. Neurology 1996; 46: 1150-3
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 1150-1153
    • Hubble, J.P.1    Busenbark, K.L.2    Wilkinson, S.3
  • 123
    • 0030822226 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-frequency unilateral thalamic stimulation in the treatment of essential and parkinsonian tremor
    • Koller W, Pahwa R, Busenbark K, et al. High-frequency unilateral thalamic stimulation in the treatment of essential and parkinsonian tremor. Ann Neurol 1997; 42: 292-9
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 292-299
    • Koller, W.1    Pahwa, R.2    Busenbark, K.3
  • 124
    • 0031713123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation for refractory essential tremor and Parkinson's disease tremor
    • Ondo W, Jankovic J, Schwartz K, et al. Unilateral thalamic deep brain stimulation for refractory essential tremor and Parkinson's disease tremor. Neurology 1998; 51: 1063-9
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , pp. 1063-1069
    • Ondo, W.1    Jankovic, J.2    Schwartz, K.3
  • 125
    • 0035353760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor
    • Koller WC, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, et al. Long-term safety and efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor. Mov Disord 2001; 16: 464-8
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 464-468
    • Koller, W.C.1    Lyons, K.E.2    Wilkinson, S.B.3
  • 126
    • 0037766393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral thalamic stimulation for essential tremor
    • Pahwa R, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, et al. Bilateral thalamic stimulation for essential tremor. Neurology 1998; 50 Suppl. 4: A19
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Pahwa, R.1    Lyons, K.E.2    Wilkinson, S.B.3
  • 127
    • 0031896963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction in voice tremor under thalamic stimulation
    • Carpenter MA, Pahwa R, Miyawaki KL, et al. Reduction in voice tremor under thalamic stimulation. Neurology 1998; 50: 796-8
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , pp. 796-798
    • Carpenter, M.A.1    Pahwa, R.2    Miyawaki, K.L.3
  • 128
    • 0032736393 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the VIM nucleus of the thalamus for essential head tremor
    • Koller WC, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, et al. Efficacy of unilateral deep brain stimulation of the VIM nucleus of the thalamus for essential head tremor. Mov Disord 1999; 14: 847-50
    • (1999) Mov Disord , vol.14 , pp. 847-850
    • Koller, W.C.1    Lyons, K.E.2    Wilkinson, S.B.3
  • 129
    • 0034720838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thalamic stimulation for the treatment of midline tremors in essential tremor patients
    • Obwegeser AA, Uitti RJ, Turk MF, et al. Thalamic stimulation for the treatment of midline tremors in essential tremor patients. Neurology 2000; 54: 2342-4
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.54 , pp. 2342-2344
    • Obwegeser, A.A.1    Uitti, R.J.2    Turk, M.F.3
  • 130
    • 0032007343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deep brain stimulation is preferable to thalamotomy for tremor suppression
    • Tasker RR. Deep brain stimulation is preferable to thalamotomy for tremor suppression. Surg Neurol 1998; 49: 145-53
    • (1998) Surg Neurol , vol.49 , pp. 145-153
    • Tasker, R.R.1
  • 131
    • 0034677434 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor
    • Schuurman PR, Bosch DA, Bossuyt PM, et al. A comparison of continuous thalamic stimulation and thalamotomy for suppression of severe tremor. N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 461-8
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 461-468
    • Schuurman, P.R.1    Bosch, D.A.2    Bossuyt, P.M.3
  • 132
    • 0035241256 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of thalamotomy to deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor
    • Pahwa R, Lyons KE, Wilkinson SB, et al. Comparison of thalamotomy to deep brain stimulation of the thalamus in essential tremor. Mov Disord 2001; 16: 140-3
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 140-143
    • Pahwa, R.1    Lyons, K.E.2    Wilkinson, S.B.3
  • 133
    • 0034432886 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gamma knife thalamotomy for treatment of tremor: Long-term results
    • Young RF, Jacques S, Mark R, et al. Gamma knife thalamotomy for treatment of tremor: long-term results. J Neurosurg 2000; 93 Suppl. 3: 128-35
    • (2000) J Neurosurg , vol.93 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 128-135
    • Young, R.F.1    Jacques, S.2    Mark, R.3
  • 134
    • 0033846862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional outcomes after gamma knife thalamotomy for essential tremor and MS-related tremor
    • Niranjan A, Kondziolka D, Baser S, et al. Functional outcomes after gamma knife thalamotomy for essential tremor and MS-related tremor. Neurology 2000; 55: 443-6
    • (2000) Neurology , vol.55 , pp. 443-446
    • Niranjan, A.1    Kondziolka, D.2    Baser, S.3
  • 135
    • 0035470402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Emergence of complex involuntary movements after gamma knife radiosurgery for essential tremor
    • Siderowf A, Gollump SM, Stern MB, et al. Emergence of complex involuntary movements after gamma knife radiosurgery for essential tremor. Mov Disord 2001; 16: 965-7
    • (2001) Mov Disord , vol.16 , pp. 965-967
    • Siderowf, A.1    Gollump, S.M.2    Stern, M.B.3
  • 136
    • 2642643746 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic and pathophysiological aspects of psychogenic tremors
    • Deuschl G, Koster B, Lucking CH, et al. Diagnostic and pathophysiological aspects of psychogenic tremors. Mov Disord 1998; 13: 294-302
    • (1998) Mov Disord , vol.13 , pp. 294-302
    • Deuschl, G.1    Koster, B.2    Lucking, C.H.3
  • 137
    • 0032846687 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of tremor severity and disability following behavioral relaxation training
    • Lundervold DA, Belwood MF, Craney JL, et al. Reduction of tremor severity and disability following behavioral relaxation training. J Behav Ther & Exp Psychiat 1999; 30: 119-35
    • (1999) J Behav Ther & Exp Psychiat , vol.30 , pp. 119-135
    • Lundervold, D.A.1    Belwood, M.F.2    Craney, J.L.3
  • 138
    • 0034023966 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strength training can improve steadiness in persons with essential tremor
    • Bilodeau M, Keen DA, Sweeney PJ, et al. Strength training can improve steadiness in persons with essential tremor. Muscle Nerve 2000; 23: 771-8
    • (2000) Muscle Nerve , vol.23 , pp. 771-778
    • Bilodeau, M.1    Keen, D.A.2    Sweeney, P.J.3
  • 139
    • 0029149562 scopus 로고
    • Biobehavioral rehabilitation for older adults with essential tremor
    • Lundervold DA, Poppen R. Biobehavioral rehabilitation for older adults with essential tremor. Gerontologist 1995; 35: 556-9
    • (1995) Gerontologist , vol.35 , pp. 556-559
    • Lundervold, D.A.1    Poppen, R.2
  • 140
    • 0029317335 scopus 로고
    • Behavioral relaxation training for tremor disorders in older adults
    • Chung W, Poppen R, Lundervold DA. Behavioral relaxation training for tremor disorders in older adults. Biofeedback Self Regul 1995; 20: 123-35
    • (1995) Biofeedback Self Regul , vol.20 , pp. 123-135
    • Chung, W.1    Poppen, R.2    Lundervold, D.A.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.