General strategy for the management of bronchial asthma in pregnancy

Respiratory Medicine

Volumn 97, Issue 7, 2003, Pages 778-789

  Liccardi, Gennaro ^a   Cazzola, M ^a   Canonica, G W ^b   D'Amato, M ^a   D'Amato, G ^b   Passalacqua, G ^b  

^a CARDARELLI HOSPITAL   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Airway inflammation; Bronchial asthma; Management; Pregnancy; Side Effects

Indexed keywords

ALKYLATING AGENT; ANTIASTHMATIC AGENT; ANTICONVULSIVE AGENT; BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR STIMULATING AGENT; CHLORPHENIRAMINE; CIMETIDINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CROMOGLYCATE DISODIUM; DIETHYLSTILBESTROL; DIPHENHYDRAMINE; FORMOTEROL; HYDROXYZINE; ISOPRENALINE; LITHIUM; METHYLPREDNISOLONE; ORCIPRENALINE; OXYMETAZOLINE; PHENYLEPHRINE; PREDNISONE; PSEUDOEPHEDRINE; PSEUDOEPHEDRINE PLUS TRIPROLIDINE; SALBUTAMOL; SALMETEROL; TERBUTALINE; TERFENADINE; TETRACYCLINE; THALIDOMIDE; THEOPHYLLINE; UNINDEXED DRUG; WARFARIN;

ASTHMA; DISEASE EXACERBATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; ECLAMPSIA; FEMALE; FETUS HYPOXIA; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; MATERNAL CARE; MATERNAL HYPERTENSION; MATERNAL WELFARE; MEDICAL PRACTICE; PATIENT EDUCATION; PERINATAL DEATH; POSTMARKETING SURVEILLANCE; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PREGNANCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; REVIEW; RISK ASSESSMENT; RISK FACTOR; SIDE EFFECT; TACHYCARDIA; TERATOGENICITY; TREMOR;

EID: 0037805750     PISSN: 09546111     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0954-6111(03)00031-3     Document Type: Review

References (95)

1. Variations in the prevalence of respiratory symptoms, self reported asthma attacks and use of asthma medication in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Eur Resp J 1996; 9: 687 95.
2. Strachan D, Sibbad B, Weiland S, et al. Worldwide variations in prevalence of symptoms of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in children. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Children (ISAAC). Pediatr Allergy Immunol 1997;8:161-76.
3. Okudaira H. Why atopic diseases prevail in developed countries. ACI Int 1998;10:110-5.
4. Gordon M, Niswander KR, Berendes H, Kantor AG. Fetal morbidity following potentially anoxiogenic conditions. VII. Bronchial asthma. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1970;106:421-9.
5. Alexander S, Dodds L, Armson BA. Perinatal outcomes in women with asthma during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1998; 92:435-40.
6. Hernandez E, Angeli CS, Johnson JWC. Asthma in pregnancy - current concepts. Obstet Gynecol 1980;55:739-44.
7. Turner ES, Greenberger PA, Patterson R. Management of the pregnant asthmatic patient. Ann Intern Med 1980;93: 905-18.
8. Schatz M, Zeiger RS. Asthma and allergy in pregnancy. Clin Perinatol 1997;24:407-32.
9. Kallen B, Rydhostraem H, Aberg A. Asthma during pregnancy- a population based study. Eur J Epidemiol 2000; 16:167-71.
10. Lehrer S, Stone J, Lapinski R, et al. Association between pregnancy-induced hypertension and asthma during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1993;168:1463-6.
11. Demissie K, Breckenridge MB, Rhoads GG. Infant and maternal outcomes in the pregnancies of asthmatic women. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1998;158:1091-5.
12. Doucette JT, Bracken MB. Possible rote of asthma in the risk of preterm labor and delivery. Epidemiology 1993;4:143-50.
13. Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Hoffman CP, et al. Perinatal outcomes in the pregnancies of asthmatic women: a prospective controlled analysis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1995; 151:1170-4.
14. Schatz M. Interrelationship between asthma and pregnancy. A literature review. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103: S330-6.
15. Schatz M. Introduction to the workshop. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:S329.
16. Schatz M. Asthma during pregnancy: interrelationships and management. Ann Allergy 1992;68:123-33.
17. Schatz M. Asthma and pregnancy. Immunol Allergy Clin North Am 1996;16:893-902.
18. National Asthma Education Program Report of the Working Groups on Asthma and Pregnancy. Management of asthma during pregnancy. NIH publ.no 93-3279 A, September 1993.
19. Liccardi G, D'Amato M, D'Amato G. Asthma in pregnant patients-pathophysiology and management. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis 1998;53:151-9.
20. Nelson-Piercy C. Asthma in pregnancy. Thorax 2001;56: 325-8.
21. Mabie WC. Asthma in pregnancy. J Clin Obstet Gynecol 1996;39:56-69.
22. Moore T, Piaquadio K. A prospective evaluation of fetal movement screening to reduce the incidence of antepartum fetal death. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1989;160:1075-80.
23. Freeman RK. The use of the oxytocin challenge test for antepartum clinical evaluation of uteroplacental respiratory function. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1975;121:481-9.
24. Rochard F, Schilrin BS, Goupil F, et al. Non-stressed fetal heart rate monitoring in the antepartum period. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1976;126:699-706.
25. Liccardi G, Cazzola M, Russo M, et al. Pets and cockroaches-two increasing causes of respiratory allergy in indoor environments. Characteristics of airway sensitization and prevention strategies. Respir. Med. 2000;94:1109-18.
26. Liccardi G, Custovic A, Cazzola M, et al. Allergen and air pollutant avoidance in respiratory allergy. Allergy 2001; 56:705-22.
27. Liccardi G, et al. (Documento congiunto AIPO-SIMER). La prevenzione ambientale delle allergopatie respiratorie. Med Tor 1999;21:93-9.
28. Liccardi G, D'Amato G. Indoor prevention of respiratory allergy. In: D'Amato G, Holgate S, editors. Air pollution and respiratory health. European Respiratory Society Journals Ltd, Sheffield UK, Eur Respir Monograph, 2002; Vol. 21: p. 226-40.
29. D'Amato G, Liccardi G, D'Amato M. Environment and development of respiratory allergy. II. Indoors. Monaldi Arch. Chest Dis. 1994;49:412-20.
30. Gotzsche PC, Hammarqvist C, Burr M. House dust mite control measures in the management of asthma. meta analysis. BMJ 1998;317:1105-10.
31. Bousquet J, van Cauwenberge P, Khaltaev N. Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2001;108:S147-334.
32. Klucka CV, Ownby DR, Green J, et al. Cat shedding of feld 1 is not reduced by washing, Allerpet C spray or acepromazine. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1995;95:1164-71.
33. Schatz M, Hoffman CP, Zeiger RS, et al. The course and management of asthma and allergic diseases during pregnancy. In: Middleton Jr. E, Reed CE, Ellis EF et al., editors. Allergy, principles and practice. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book Inc, 1993. p. 1301-42.
34. Finnell RH. Teratology-general considerations and principles. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;103:S337.
35. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Drugs. The transfer of drugs and other chemicals into human milk. Pediatrics 2001;108:776-789.
36. Schatz M. Asthma and pregnancy. Lancet 1999;353: 1202-4.
37. Sannerstedt R, Lundborg P, Danielsson BR, et al. Drugs during pregnancy: an issue of risk classification and information to prescribers. Drug Saf 1996;14:69-77.
38. Doering PL, Boothby LA, Cheok M. Review of pregnancy labeling of prescription drugs: is the current system adequate to inform of risks? Am J Obstet Gynecol 2002;187:333-9.
39. Weiss RS. Prescription medication use in pregnancy. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408598.
40. Aselton P, Jick H, Milunski A, et al. First trimester drug use and congenital disorders. Obstet Gynecol 1985;65:451-6.
41. Briggs GG, Freeman RA, Yaffe SJ. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation, 4th ed.. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994.
42. Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Harden K, et al. The safety of inhaled β agonist bronchodilators during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1988;82:686-95.
43. Brouwers JR. Advanced and controlled drug delivery systems in clinical disease management. Pharm World Sci 1996; 18:153-62.
44. Physician desk reference. Montvale, NJ: Medical Economics Company, 1998.
45. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, And American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology. The use of newer asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2000;84:475-480.
46. Wilton LV, Shakir SA. A post-marketing surveillance study of formoterol (Foradil): its use in general practice in England. Drug Saf 2002;25:213-23.
47. Woolcock A, Lundback B, Ringdal N, et al. Comparison of addition of salmeterol to inhaled steroids with doubling of the dose of inhaled steroids. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996;153:1481-8.
48. Pollart SJ, Spector SL, Yancey SW, et al. Salmeterol versus theophylline in the treatment of asthma. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78:457-64.
49. Shibata M, Wachi M, Kawaguchi M, et al. Teratogenic and fetal toxicity following intravenous theophylline administration in pregnant rabbits is related to maternal drug plasma levels. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol 2000;22:101-7.
50. Frederiksen MC, Ruo TI, Chow MJ, et al. Theophylline pharmacokinetics in pregnancy. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1986; 40:321-8.
51. Labovitz E, Spector S. Placental theophylline transfer in pregnant asthmatics. JAMA 1982;247:786-8.
52. Wilson JB. Utilisation du cromoglycate de sodium au cours de la grossesse. Acta Therapeutica 1982;8(Suppl): 45-51.
53. Laurens Jr, RG, Honig EG. Corticosteroids in the treatment of asthma. South Med J 1986;79:1544-53.
54. Wendel PJ, Ramin SM, Bamett-Hamm T, et al. Asthma treatment in pregnancy-a randomized controlled study. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996;175:150-4.
55. Passalacqua G, Albano M, Canonica GW, et al. Inhaled and nasal corticosteroids: safety aspects. Allergy 2000;55: 16-33.
56. Kallen B, Rydhstraem H, Aberg A. Congenital malformations after the use of inhaled budesonide in early pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1999;93:392-5.
57. Medlineplus Drug Information. Fluticasone (inhalation-local). http://www.nlm.nih.gov/ medlineplus/druginfo/uspdi/203649.html
58. Ellegard EK, Hellgren M, Karlsson NG. Fluticasone propionate aqueous nasal spray in pregnancy rhinitis. Clin Otolaryngol 2001;26:394-400.
59. Spector SL. The Antileukotriene Working Group. Safety of antileukotriene agents in asthma management. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2001;86(Suppl 1):18-23.
60. Millar MM, Greenberger PA. Asthma and pregnancy: a review. http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/408736.
61. Lockshin MD, Sammaritano LR. Corticosteroids during pregnancy. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1998;107:136-8.
62. Perlow JH, Montgomery D, Morgan MA, et al. Severity of asthma and perinatal outcome. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1992; 167:963-7.
63. Stenius-Aarniala B, Piirila P. Teramo K Asthma and pregnancy: a prospective study of 198 pregnancies. Thorax 1988; 43:12-8.
64. Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Harden K, et al. The safety of asthma and allergy medications during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immun 1997;100:301-6.
65. Reed BR. Dermatologic drugs, pregnancy, and lactation. A conservative guide. Arch Dermatol 1997;133:894-8.
66. Rodriguez-Pinilla E, Martinez-Frias ML. Corticosteroids during pregnancy and oral clefts: a case control study. Teratology 1998;58:2-5.
67. Campbell LA, Klocke RA. Implications for the pregnant patient. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1051-4.
68. Robert E, Vollset SE, Botto L, et al. Malformation surveillance and maternal drug exposure: the madre project. Int J Risk Safety Med 1994;6:75-118.
69. Carmichael SL, Shaw GM. Maternal corticosteroid use and risk of selected congenital anomalies. Am J Med Genet 1999;86:242-4.
70. Czeizel AE, Rockenbauer M. Population-based case control study of teratogenic potential of corticosteroids. Teratology 1997;56:335-40.
71. Fitzsimons R, Greenberger PA, Patterson R. Outcome of pregnancy in women requiring corticosteroids for severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1986;78:349-53.
72. Alexander S, Dodds L, Armson BA. Perinatal outcomes in women with asthma during pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 1998;92:435-40.
73. Cydulka RK, Emerman CL, Schreiber D, et al. Acute asthma among pregnant women presenting to the emergency department. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1999;160:887-92.
74. Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention. Scientific information, recommendations for asthma programs. NIH Publication 2002; 02-3659.
75. Moran RF, Clausen JL, Ehrmeyer SS, et al. Oxygen content, hemoglobin oxygen, "saturation," and related quantities in blood: terminology, measurement, and reporting. National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards 1990; C25-P:10:1.
76. Schiermeyer RP, Finkelstein JA. Rapid infusion of magnesium sulfate obviates need for intubation in status asthmaticus. Am J Emerg Med 1994;12:164-6.
77. Gourgoulianis KI, Chatziparasidis G, Chatziefthimiou A, Molyvdas PA. Magnesium as a relaxing factor of airway smooth muscles. J Aerosol Med 2001;14:301-7.
78. Sydow M, Crozier TA, Zielmann S, et al. High-dose intravenous magnesium sulfate in the management of life-threatening status asthmaticus. Intensive Care Med 1993; 19:467-71.
79. Skobeloff EM, Kim D, Spivey WH. Magnesium sulfate for the treatment of bronchospasm complicating acute bronchitis in a four-months'-pregnant woman. Ann Emerg Med 1993; 22:1365-7.
80. Nelson-Piercy C. Respirarory disease. In: Nelson-Piercy C, editor. Handbook of obstetric medicine. Oxford: Isis Medical Media, 1997. p. 45-65.
81. Nelson-Piercy C, deSwiet M. Asthma during pregnancy. Fetal Maternal Med Rev 1994;6:181-9.
82. Bremerich DH. Anasthesie bei Asthma bronchiale. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther 2000;35:545-58.
83. Metzer MJ, Turner E, Patterson R. The safety of immunotherapy during pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1978;61:268-74.
84. Metzer MJ. Indications for allergen immunotherapy during pregnancy. Compro Ther 1990;16:17-26.
85. Cousins L, Catanzarite VA. Fetal oxygenation, acid-base balance, and assessment of well-being in the pregnancy complicated by asthma or anaphylaxis. In: Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Claman HN, editors. Asthma and immunologic diseases in pregnancy and early infancy. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1998. p. 27.
86. Ciprandi G, Liccardi G, D'Amato G, et al. Treatment of allergic diseases during pregnancy. J Invest Allergol Clin Immunol 1997;6:557-65.
87. Rosenfeld C, Barton M, Meschia G. Effects of epinephrine on distribution of blood flow in the pregnant ewe. Am J Obstet Gynecol 19976;124:156-63.
88. Horak F, Stubner UP. Comparative tolerability of second generation antihistamines. Drug Saf 1999;20:385-401.
89. Mazzotta P, Loebstein R, Koren G. Treating allergic rhinitis in pregnancy. Safety considerations. Drug Saf 1999;20: 361-75.
90. Nishimura M, Kast A, Tsunenari Y, et al. Teratogenicity of the antiallergic Sm 857 SE in rats versus rabbits. Teratology 1988;38:351-67.
91. Einarson A, Bailey B, Jung G, et al. A prospective controlled study of hydroxyzine and cetirizine in pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78:183-6.
92. Pastuszak A, Schick B, D'Alimonte D, et al. The safety of astemizole in pregnancy. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;98:748-50.
93. Loebstein R, Lalkin A, Addis A, et al. Pregnancy outcome after gestational exposure to terfenadine-a multicenter, prospective controlled study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1999;104:953-6.
94. Schatz M, Petitti D. Antihistamines and pregnancy. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 1997;78:157-9.
95. Fern FH, Orlando CP. Medical-legal aspects of prescribing during pregnancy. In: Schatz M, Zeiger RS, Claman HN, editors. Asthma and immunologic diseases in pregnancy and early infancy. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc, 1998. p. 229.