Accountability in practice: Mechanisms for NGOs

World Development

Volumn 31, Issue 5, 2003, Pages 813-829

  Ebrahim, Alnoor ^a  

^a VIRGINIA POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE AND STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Accountability; Evaluation; Nongovernmental organizations; Reporting; Self regulation; Social audit

Indexed keywords

ACCOUNTABILITY; NONGOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATION; REGULATORY APPROACH;

EID: 0037800324     PISSN: 0305750X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0305-750X(03)00014-7     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Adnan, S. 1992 People's Participation, NGOs and the Flood Action Plan: An Independent Review 1992 Oxfam Daka.
2. Arnstein, S. R. (1969). A ladder of citizen participation. American Institute of Planning Journal, 35(4), 216-224.
3. Avina, J. (1993). The evolutionary life cycles of non-Governmental development organizations. Public Administration and Development, 13(5), 453-474.
4. Balda, J. B. (1994). The liability of nonprofits to donors. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 5(1), 67-83.
5. Behn, R. D. (2001). Rethinking democratic accountability. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
6. Borton, J. (2001). Accountability in the international humanitarian system. AccountAbility Quarterly,15, 23-25.
7. Canadian Council for International Cooperation (1995).Canadian Council for International Cooperationcode of ethics. Ottawa: Canadian Council for International Cooperation.
8. Carver, J. (1990). Boards that make a difference: a new design for leadership in non-profit and public organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
9. Chambers, R. (1994). Participatory rural appraisal (PRA): analysis of experience. World Development, 22(10), 1253-1268.
10. Chisolm, L. B. (1995). Accountability of nonprofit organizations and those who control them: the legal framework. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 6(2), 141-156.
11. Clarkson, M. B. (1995). A stakeholder framework for analyzing and evaluating corporate social performance. Academy of Management Review, 20(1), 92-117.
12. Commonwealth Foundation, Voluntary Action Network India (1995). Non-governmental organisations: guidelines for good policy and practice. New Delhi: VANI.
13. Cornwall, A., Lucas, H., & Pasteur, K. (2000). Introduction: accountability through participation: developing workable partnership models in the health sector. IDS Bulletin, 31(1), 1-13.
14. Dawson, E. (1998). The relevance of social audit for oxfam GB. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(13), 1457-1469.
15. Dunn, J. (1999). Situating democratic public accountability. In A. Przeworski, S. C. Stokes, & B. Manin (Eds.), Demacracy, accountability, and representation, 329-344. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
16. Ebrahim, A., (1999). The making of NGOs: global influences and local responses from Western India. Ph.D. Thesis, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
17. Ebrahim, A. (2002). Information struggles: the role of information in the reproduction of NGO-funder relations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 31(1), 85-113.
18. Edun, A. (2000). The role of evaluation in accountability in donor-funded projects. IDS Bulletin, 31(1), 48-52.
19. Edwards M. Hulme D. 1996a Beyond the magic bullet: NGO performance and accountability in the post-Cold War World 1996 Kumarian Press West Hartford, CT.
20. Edwards, M., & Hulme, D. (1996). Too close for comfort? the impact of official aid on nongovernmental organizations. World Development, 24(6), 961-973.
21. Fowler, A. (1996). Assessing NGO performance: difficulties, dilemmas, and a way ahead. In M. Edwards, & D. Hulme (Eds.), Beyond the Magic Bullet: NGO performance and accountability in the Post-Cold War World, 169-186. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian.
22. MFox J.A. Brown L.D. 1998 The struggle for accountability: The World Bank, NGOs, and grassroots movements The MIT Press Cambridge, MA.
23. Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: a stakeholder approach. Boston: Pitman.
24. Fry, R. E. (1995). Accountability in organizational life: problem or opportunity for nonprofits?. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 6(2), 181-195.
25. Gardner, K., & Lewis, D. (1996). Anthropology, development and the post-modern challenge. London: Pluto Press.
26. Gereffi, G., Garcia-Johnson, R., & Sasser, E. (2001). The NGO-Industrial complex. Foreign Policy (July/August).
27. Gibelman, M., & Gelman, S. R. (2001). Very public scandals: nongovernmental organizations in trouble. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 12(1), 49-66.
28. Gonella, C., Pilling, A., & Zadek, S. (1998). Making values count: contemporary experience in social and ethical accounting, auditing, and reporting. London: The Association of Chartered Certified Accountants.
29. Guha, R. (1989). The unquiet woods: ecological change and peasant resistance in the Himalaya. Delhi: Oxford University Press.
30. Hirschman, A. O. (1970). Exit, voice, and loyalty: responses to decline in firms, organizations, and states. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
31. Howard-Grabman, L. (2000). Bridging the gap between communities and service providers: developing accountability through community mobilisation approaches. IDS Bulletin, 31(1), 88-96.
32. Hudock, A. (1999). NGOs and civil society: democracy by proxy?. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell.
33. Hummels, H. (1998). Organizing ethics: A stakeholder debate. Journal of Business Ethics, 17 1403-1419.
34. Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability (1999). Accountability 1000 (AA 1000) Framework: standard, guidelines and professional qualification. London: Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability.
35. Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability (2001). AA 2000 Accountability management: consultation briefing 1. London: Institute of Social and Ethical Accountability.
36. InterAction (2001). InterAction PVO standards. Washington, DC.: InterAction: American Council for Voluntary International Action.
37. International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (1994). Code of conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in disaster relief. Geneva: International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.
38. Jawahar, I. M., & McLaughlin, G. L. (2001). Toward a descriptive stakeholder theory: an organizational life cycle approach. Academy of Management Review, 26(3), 397-414.
39. Kearns, K. P. (1996). Managing for accountability: preserving the public trust in nonprofit organizations. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
40. Khagram, S. (1998). Dams, Development and democracy: transnational struggles for power and water. Ph.D. Thesis, Political Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA.
41. Levitt, B., & March, J. G. (1988). Organizational learning. Annual Review of Sociology, 14 319-340.
42. Levy, F., Meltsner, A. J., & Wildavsky, A. (1974). Urban outcomes: schools, streets, and libraries. Berkeley: University of California.
43. Mackintosh, M. (1992). Questioning the state. In M. Wuyts, M. Mackintosh, & T. Hewitt (Eds.), Development Policy and Public Action, 61-89. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
44. xMayo, E. (1996). Social auditing for voluntary organisations. London: VOLPROF, Centre for Voluntary Sector and Not-for-Profit-Management.
45. Meyer, C. A. (1999). The economics and politics of NGOs in Latin America. Westport, CT and London: Praeger.
46. Moser, C. O. (1989). Gender planning in the Third World: meeting practical and strategic gender needs. World Development, 17(11), 1799-1825.
47. Najam, A. (1996). NGO accountability: a conceptual framework. Development Policy Review, 14 339-353.
48. Najam, A. (1996). Understanding the Third Sector: revisiting the prince, the merchant, and the citizen. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 7(2), 203-221.
49. Ombudsman Project Working Group (1998). An ombudsman for humanitarian assistance? A report on the findings from a feasibility study. London: Ombudsman Project Working Group (also available at www.oneworld.org/ombudsman/esum.htm).
50. Perera, J. (1997). In unequal dialogue with donors: the experience of the Sarvodaya Shramadana Movement. In D. Hulme, & M. Edwards (Eds.), NGOs, states and donors: Too close for comfort? St. Martin's Press in association with The Save the Children Fund, New York.
51. Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1974). Organizational decision making as a political process: the case of the university budget. Administrative Science Quarterly, 19(June).
52. Pfeffer, J., & Salancik, G. R. (1978). The external control of organizations: a resource dependence perspective. New York: Harper and Row.
53. Pruzan, P., & Thyssen, O. (1994). The renaissance of ethics and the ethical accounting statement. Educational Technology (January), 23-28.
54. Przeworski A. Stokes S.C. Manin B. 1999 Democracy, accountability, and representation. 1999 Cambrige and New York: Cambridge University Press.
55. Raynard, P. (1998). Coming together: a review of contemporary approaches to social accounting, auditing and reporting in non-profit organisations. Journal of Business Ethics, 17(13), 1471-1479.
56. Riddel, R. C. (1999). Evaluating NGO development interventions. In D. Lewis (Ed.), International perspectives on voluntary action: reshaping the Third Sector, 222-241. London: Earthscan.
57. Roche, C. (1999). Impact assessment for development agencies: learning to value change. Oxford: Oxfam GB.
58. Schweitz, M. L. (2001). NGO network codes of conduct: accountability, principles, and voice. Paper presented to the International Studies Association Annual Convention, Chicago, Illinois, February.
59. Scott, W. R. (1992). Organizations: rational, natural, and open systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
60. Scott, W. R. (1995). Institutions and organizations. In D. Whetten (Ed.), Foundations for Organizational Science, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
61. Sen, S. (1999). Some aspects of state-NGO relationships in India in the post-independence era. Development and Change, 30 327-355.
62. Smillie, I. (1996). Painting Canadian roses red. In M. Edwards, & D. Hulme (Eds.), Beyond the Magic Bullet: NGO Performance and Accountability in the Post-Cold War World, 187-197. West Hartford, CT: Kumarian.
63. Smith-Sreen, P. (1995). Accountability in development organizations: experiences of women's organizations in India. New Delhi: Sage.
64. Soledad, F. I. (2001). Civil society and NGOs in the Philippines. AccountAbility Quarterly,15, 26-27.
65. Soule, E. (2002). Managerial moral strategies--in search of a few good principles. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 114-124.
66. Vakil, A. C. (1997). Confronting the classification problem: toward a taxonomy of NGOs. World Development, 25(12), 2057-2070.
67. Voluntary Action Network India, International Center for Not-for-Profit Law (1997). Report of the South Asian Conference on Laws, Rules and Regulations for the Voluntary Sector, New Delhi, 6-10 March.
68. Volunteer Vancouver (1999). What social auditing can do for voluntary organizations. Volunteer Vancouver, Vancouver.
69. Weber, E. P. (1999). The question of accountability in historical perspective: from Jackson to contemporary grassroots ecosystem management. Administration and Society, 31(4), 451-494.
70. Wheeler, D., & Sillanpää, M. (1997). The stakeholder corporation: the body shop blueprint for maximizing stakeholder Value. London: Pitman Publishing.
71. Wicks, A. C., Gilbert, D. R., & Freeman, R. E. (1994). A feminist reinterpretation of the stakeholder concept. Business Ethics Quarterly, 4(4), 475-497.
72. Young, D. R., Bania, N., & Bailey, D. (1996). Structure and accountability: a study of national nonprofit associations. Nonprofit Management and Leadership, 6(4), 347-365.